将汉字转为全拼或返回拼音首字母的函数

最近itpub上有很多关于汉字转拼音的问题，正好今晚有兴致就整理了一下。

create or replace type spell_code as object(spell varchar2(10),code number);

create or replace type t_spellcode is table of spell_code;

--返回拼音与代码的对应关系
create or replace function f_getSpellcode return t_spellcode Pipelined
is
Begin
PIPE Row(spell_code('a', -20319));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ai', -20317));
PIPE Row(spell_code('an', -20304));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ang', -20295));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ao', -20292));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ba', -20283));
PIPE Row(spell_code('bai', -20265));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ban', -20257));
PIPE Row(spell_code('bang', -20242));
PIPE Row(spell_code('bao', -20230));
PIPE Row(spell_code('bei', -20051));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ben', -20036));
PIPE Row(spell_code('beng', -20032));
PIPE Row(spell_code('bi', -20026));
PIPE Row(spell_code('bian', -20002));
PIPE Row(spell_code('biao', -19990));
PIPE Row(spell_code('bie', -19986));
PIPE Row(spell_code('bin', -19982));
PIPE Row(spell_code('bing', -19976));
PIPE Row(spell_code('bo', -19805));
PIPE Row(spell_code('bu', -19784));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ca', -19775));
PIPE Row(spell_code('cai', -19774));
PIPE Row(spell_code('can', -19763));
PIPE Row(spell_code('cang', -19756));
PIPE Row(spell_code('cao', -19751));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ce', -19746));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ceng', -19741));
PIPE Row(spell_code('cha', -19739));
PIPE Row(spell_code('chai', -19728));
PIPE Row(spell_code('chan', -19725));
PIPE Row(spell_code('chang', -19715));
PIPE Row(spell_code('chao', -19540));
PIPE Row(spell_code('che', -19531));
PIPE Row(spell_code('chen', -19525));
PIPE Row(spell_code('cheng', -19515));
PIPE Row(spell_code('chi', -19500));
PIPE Row(spell_code('chong', -19484));
PIPE Row(spell_code('chou', -19479));
PIPE Row(spell_code('chu', -19467));
PIPE Row(spell_code('chuai', -19289));
PIPE Row(spell_code('chuan', -19288));
PIPE Row(spell_code('chuang', -19281));
PIPE Row(spell_code('chui', -19275));
PIPE Row(spell_code('chun', -19270));
PIPE Row(spell_code('chuo', -19263));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ci', -19261));
PIPE Row(spell_code('cong', -19249));
PIPE Row(spell_code('cou', -19243));
PIPE Row(spell_code('cu', -19242));
PIPE Row(spell_code('cuan', -19238));
PIPE Row(spell_code('cui', -19235));
PIPE Row(spell_code('cun', -19227));
PIPE Row(spell_code('cuo', -19224));
PIPE Row(spell_code('da', -19218));
PIPE Row(spell_code('dai', -19212));
PIPE Row(spell_code('dan', -19038));
PIPE Row(spell_code('dang', -19023));
PIPE Row(spell_code('dao', -19018));
PIPE Row(spell_code('de', -19006));
PIPE Row(spell_code('deng', -19003));
PIPE Row(spell_code('di', -18996));
PIPE Row(spell_code('dian', -18977));
PIPE Row(spell_code('diao', -18961));
PIPE Row(spell_code('die', -18952));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ding', -18783));
PIPE Row(spell_code('diu', -18774));
PIPE Row(spell_code('dong', -18773));
PIPE Row(spell_code('dou', -18763));
PIPE Row(spell_code('du', -18756));
PIPE Row(spell_code('duan', -18741));
PIPE Row(spell_code('dui', -18735));
PIPE Row(spell_code('dun', -18731));
PIPE Row(spell_code('duo', -18722));
PIPE Row(spell_code('e', -18710));
PIPE Row(spell_code('en', -18697));
PIPE Row(spell_code('er', -18696));
PIPE Row(spell_code('fa', -18526));
PIPE Row(spell_code('fan', -18518));
PIPE Row(spell_code('fang', -18501));
PIPE Row(spell_code('fei', -18490));
PIPE Row(spell_code('fen', -18478));
PIPE Row(spell_code('feng', -18463));
PIPE Row(spell_code('fo', -18448));
PIPE Row(spell_code('fou', -18447));
PIPE Row(spell_code('fu', -18446));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ga', -18239));
PIPE Row(spell_code('gai', -18237));
PIPE Row(spell_code('gan', -18231));
PIPE Row(spell_code('gang', -18220));
PIPE Row(spell_code('gao', -18211));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ge', -18201));
PIPE Row(spell_code('gei', -18184));
PIPE Row(spell_code('gen', -18183));
PIPE Row(spell_code('geng', -18181));
PIPE Row(spell_code('gong', -18012));
PIPE Row(spell_code('gou', -17997));
PIPE Row(spell_code('gu', -17988));
PIPE Row(spell_code('gua', -17970));
PIPE Row(spell_code('guai', -17964));
PIPE Row(spell_code('guan', -17961));
PIPE Row(spell_code('guang', -17950));
PIPE Row(spell_code('gui', -17947));
PIPE Row(spell_code('gun', -17931));
PIPE Row(spell_code('guo', -17928));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ha', -17922));
PIPE Row(spell_code('hai', -17759));
PIPE Row(spell_code('han', -17752));
PIPE Row(spell_code('hang', -17733));
PIPE Row(spell_code('hao', -17730));
PIPE Row(spell_code('he', -17721));
PIPE Row(spell_code('hei', -17703));
PIPE Row(spell_code('hen', -17701));
PIPE Row(spell_code('heng', -17697));
PIPE Row(spell_code('hong', -17692));
PIPE Row(spell_code('hou', -17683));
PIPE Row(spell_code('hu', -17676));
PIPE Row(spell_code('hua', -17496));
PIPE Row(spell_code('huai', -17487));
PIPE Row(spell_code('huan', -17482));
PIPE Row(spell_code('huang', -17468));
PIPE Row(spell_code('hui', -17454));
PIPE Row(spell_code('hun', -17433));
PIPE Row(spell_code('huo', -17427));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ji', -17417));
PIPE Row(spell_code('jia', -17202));
PIPE Row(spell_code('jian', -17185));
PIPE Row(spell_code('jiang', -16983));
PIPE Row(spell_code('jiao', -16970));
PIPE Row(spell_code('jie', -16942));
PIPE Row(spell_code('jin', -16915));
PIPE Row(spell_code('jing', -16733));
PIPE Row(spell_code('jiong', -16708));
PIPE Row(spell_code('jiu', -16706));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ju', -16689));
PIPE Row(spell_code('juan', -16664));
PIPE Row(spell_code('jue', -16657));
PIPE Row(spell_code('jun', -16647));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ka', -16474));
PIPE Row(spell_code('kai', -16470));
PIPE Row(spell_code('kan', -16465));
PIPE Row(spell_code('kang', -16459));
PIPE Row(spell_code('kao', -16452));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ke', -16448));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ken', -16433));
PIPE Row(spell_code('keng', -16429));
PIPE Row(spell_code('kong', -16427));
PIPE Row(spell_code('kou', -16423));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ku', -16419));
PIPE Row(spell_code('kua', -16412));
PIPE Row(spell_code('kuai', -16407));
PIPE Row(spell_code('kuan', -16403));
PIPE Row(spell_code('kuang', -16401));
PIPE Row(spell_code('kui', -16393));
PIPE Row(spell_code('kun', -16220));
PIPE Row(spell_code('kuo', -16216));
PIPE Row(spell_code('la', -16212));
PIPE Row(spell_code('lai', -16205));
PIPE Row(spell_code('lan', -16202));
PIPE Row(spell_code('lang', -16187));
PIPE Row(spell_code('lao', -16180));
PIPE Row(spell_code('le', -16171));
PIPE Row(spell_code('lei', -16169));
PIPE Row(spell_code('leng', -16158));
PIPE Row(spell_code('li', -16155));
PIPE Row(spell_code('lia', -15959));
PIPE Row(spell_code('lian', -15958));
PIPE Row(spell_code('liang', -15944));
PIPE Row(spell_code('liao', -15933));
PIPE Row(spell_code('lie', -15920));
PIPE Row(spell_code('lin', -15915));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ling', -15903));
PIPE Row(spell_code('liu', -15889));
PIPE Row(spell_code('long', -15878));
PIPE Row(spell_code('lou', -15707));
PIPE Row(spell_code('lu', -15701));
PIPE Row(spell_code('lv', -15681));
PIPE Row(spell_code('luan', -15667));
PIPE Row(spell_code('lue', -15661));
PIPE Row(spell_code('lun', -15659));
PIPE Row(spell_code('luo', -15652));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ma', -15640));
PIPE Row(spell_code('mai', -15631));
PIPE Row(spell_code('man', -15625));
PIPE Row(spell_code('mang', -15454));
PIPE Row(spell_code('mao', -15448));
PIPE Row(spell_code('me', -15436));
PIPE Row(spell_code('mei', -15435));
PIPE Row(spell_code('men', -15419));
PIPE Row(spell_code('meng', -15416));
PIPE Row(spell_code('mi', -15408));
PIPE Row(spell_code('mian', -15394));
PIPE Row(spell_code('miao', -15385));
PIPE Row(spell_code('mie', -15377));
PIPE Row(spell_code('min', -15375));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ming', -15369));
PIPE Row(spell_code('miu', -15363));
PIPE Row(spell_code('mo', -15362));
PIPE Row(spell_code('mou', -15183));
PIPE Row(spell_code('mu', -15180));
PIPE Row(spell_code('na', -15165));
PIPE Row(spell_code('nai', -15158));
PIPE Row(spell_code('nan', -15153));
PIPE Row(spell_code('nang', -15150));
PIPE Row(spell_code('nao', -15149));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ne', -15144));
PIPE Row(spell_code('nei', -15143));
PIPE Row(spell_code('nen', -15141));
PIPE Row(spell_code('neng', -15140));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ni', -15139));
PIPE Row(spell_code('nian', -15128));
PIPE Row(spell_code('niang', -15121));
PIPE Row(spell_code('niao', -15119));
PIPE Row(spell_code('nie', -15117));
PIPE Row(spell_code('nin', -15110));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ning', -15109));
PIPE Row(spell_code('niu', -14941));
PIPE Row(spell_code('nong', -14937));
PIPE Row(spell_code('nu', -14933));
PIPE Row(spell_code('nv', -14930));
PIPE Row(spell_code('nuan', -14929));
PIPE Row(spell_code('nue', -14928));
PIPE Row(spell_code('nuo', -14926));
PIPE Row(spell_code('o', -14922));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ou', -14921));
PIPE Row(spell_code('pa', -14914));
PIPE Row(spell_code('pai', -14908));
PIPE Row(spell_code('pan', -14902));
PIPE Row(spell_code('pang', -14894));
PIPE Row(spell_code('pao', -14889));
PIPE Row(spell_code('pei', -14882));
PIPE Row(spell_code('pen', -14873));
PIPE Row(spell_code('peng', -14871));
PIPE Row(spell_code('pi', -14857));
PIPE Row(spell_code('pian', -14678));
PIPE Row(spell_code('piao', -14674));
PIPE Row(spell_code('pie', -14670));
PIPE Row(spell_code('pin', -14668));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ping', -14663));
PIPE Row(spell_code('po', -14654));
PIPE Row(spell_code('pu', -14645));
PIPE Row(spell_code('qi', -14630));
PIPE Row(spell_code('qia', -14594));
PIPE Row(spell_code('qian', -14429));
PIPE Row(spell_code('qiang', -14407));
PIPE Row(spell_code('qiao', -14399));
PIPE Row(spell_code('qie', -14384));
PIPE Row(spell_code('qin', -14379));
PIPE Row(spell_code('qing', -14368));
PIPE Row(spell_code('qiong', -14355));
PIPE Row(spell_code('qiu', -14353));
PIPE Row(spell_code('qu', -14345));
PIPE Row(spell_code('quan', -14170));
PIPE Row(spell_code('que', -14159));
PIPE Row(spell_code('qun', -14151));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ran', -14149));
PIPE Row(spell_code('rang', -14145));
PIPE Row(spell_code('rao', -14140));
PIPE Row(spell_code('re', -14137));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ren', -14135));
PIPE Row(spell_code('reng', -14125));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ri', -14123));
PIPE Row(spell_code('rong', -14122));
PIPE Row(spell_code('rou', -14112));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ru', -14109));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ruan', -14099));
PIPE Row(spell_code('rui', -14097));
PIPE Row(spell_code('run', -14094));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ruo', -14092));
PIPE Row(spell_code('sa', -14090));
PIPE Row(spell_code('sai', -14087));
PIPE Row(spell_code('san', -14083));
PIPE Row(spell_code('sang', -13917));
PIPE Row(spell_code('sao', -13914));
PIPE Row(spell_code('se', -13910));
PIPE Row(spell_code('sen', -13907));
PIPE Row(spell_code('seng', -13906));
PIPE Row(spell_code('sha', -13905));
PIPE Row(spell_code('shai', -13896));
PIPE Row(spell_code('shan', -13894));
PIPE Row(spell_code('shang', -13878));
PIPE Row(spell_code('shao', -13870));
PIPE Row(spell_code('she', -13859));
PIPE Row(spell_code('shen', -13847));
PIPE Row(spell_code('sheng', -13831));
PIPE Row(spell_code('shi', -13658));
PIPE Row(spell_code('shou', -13611));
PIPE Row(spell_code('shu', -13601));
PIPE Row(spell_code('shua', -13406));
PIPE Row(spell_code('shuai', -13404));
PIPE Row(spell_code('shuan', -13400));
PIPE Row(spell_code('shuang', -13398));
PIPE Row(spell_code('shui', -13395));
PIPE Row(spell_code('shun', -13391));
PIPE Row(spell_code('shuo', -13387));
PIPE Row(spell_code('si', -13383));
PIPE Row(spell_code('song', -13367));
PIPE Row(spell_code('sou', -13359));
PIPE Row(spell_code('su', -13356));
PIPE Row(spell_code('suan', -13343));
PIPE Row(spell_code('sui', -13340));
PIPE Row(spell_code('sun', -13329));
PIPE Row(spell_code('suo', -13326));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ta', -13318));
PIPE Row(spell_code('tai', -13147));
PIPE Row(spell_code('tan', -13138));
PIPE Row(spell_code('tang', -13120));
PIPE Row(spell_code('tao', -13107));
PIPE Row(spell_code('te', -13096));
PIPE Row(spell_code('teng', -13095));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ti', -13091));
PIPE Row(spell_code('tian', -13076));
PIPE Row(spell_code('tiao', -13068));
PIPE Row(spell_code('tie', -13063));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ting', -13060));
PIPE Row(spell_code('tong', -12888));
PIPE Row(spell_code('tou', -12875));
PIPE Row(spell_code('tu', -12871));
PIPE Row(spell_code('tuan', -12860));
PIPE Row(spell_code('tui', -12858));
PIPE Row(spell_code('tun', -12852));
PIPE Row(spell_code('tuo', -12849));
PIPE Row(spell_code('wa', -12838));
PIPE Row(spell_code('wai', -12831));
PIPE Row(spell_code('wan', -12829));
PIPE Row(spell_code('wang', -12812));
PIPE Row(spell_code('wei', -12802));
PIPE Row(spell_code('wen', -12607));
PIPE Row(spell_code('weng', -12597));
PIPE Row(spell_code('wo', -12594));
PIPE Row(spell_code('wu', -12585));
PIPE Row(spell_code('xi', -12556));
PIPE Row(spell_code('xia', -12359));
PIPE Row(spell_code('xian', -12346));
PIPE Row(spell_code('xiang', -12320));
PIPE Row(spell_code('xiao', -12300));
PIPE Row(spell_code('xie', -12120));
PIPE Row(spell_code('xin', -12099));
PIPE Row(spell_code('xing', -12089));
PIPE Row(spell_code('xiong', -12074));
PIPE Row(spell_code('xiu', -12067));
PIPE Row(spell_code('xu', -12058));
PIPE Row(spell_code('xuan', -12039));
PIPE Row(spell_code('xue', -11867));
PIPE Row(spell_code('xun', -11861));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ya', -11847));
PIPE Row(spell_code('yan', -11831));
PIPE Row(spell_code('yang', -11798));
PIPE Row(spell_code('yao', -11781));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ye', -11604));
PIPE Row(spell_code('yi', -11589));
PIPE Row(spell_code('yin', -11536));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ying', -11358));
PIPE Row(spell_code('yo', -11340));
PIPE Row(spell_code('yong', -11339));
PIPE Row(spell_code('you', -11324));
PIPE Row(spell_code('yu', -11303));
PIPE Row(spell_code('yuan', -11097));
PIPE Row(spell_code('yue', -11077));
PIPE Row(spell_code('yun', -11067));
PIPE Row(spell_code('za', -11055));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zai', -11052));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zan', -11045));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zang', -11041));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zao', -11038));
PIPE Row(spell_code('ze', -11024));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zei', -11020));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zen', -11019));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zeng', -11018));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zha', -11014));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhai', -10838));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhan', -10832));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhang', -10815));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhao', -10800));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhe', -10790));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhen', -10780));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zheng', -10764));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhi', -10587));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhong', -10544));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhou', -10533));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhu', -10519));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhua', -10331));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhuai', -10329));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhuan', -10328));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhuang', -10322));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhui', -10315));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhun', -10309));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zhuo', -10307));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zi', -10296));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zong', -10281));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zou', -10274));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zu', -10270));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zuan', -10262));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zui', -10260));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zun', -10256));
PIPE Row(spell_code('zuo', -10254));
Return;
end;
--hanjs,07-10-24,返回拼音与代码的对应关系
/

--此函数默认返回汉字拼音的首字母，第二个参数不为空则返回全拼。
create or replace function f_getSpell(p_cnStr In varchar2,p_sign In number Default Null) return varchar2
as
lv_spell varchar2(200);
lv_temp Varchar2(10);
lv_char varchar2(10);
lv_bytes varchar2(100);
li_bytes Integer;
li_pos Integer;
begin
if p_cnStr is null then
return '';
end if;
for i In 1..length(p_cnStr) loop
lv_char:=substr(p_cnStr,i,1);
if lengthb(lv_char) = 1 then
lv_spell:=lv_spell||lv_char;
elsif lengthb(lv_char) = 2 then--支持ZHS16GBK
--Select replace(substrb(dump(lv_char,1010),instrb(dump(lv_char,1010),'ZHS16GBK:')),'ZHS16GBK: ','') Into lv_bytes from dual;
--li_pos:=instr(lv_bytes,',');
--li_bytes:=substr(lv_bytes,1,li_pos-1)*256+substr(lv_bytes,li_pos+1)-256*256;
Select ascii(lv_char)-256*256 Into li_bytes From dual;
If (li_bytes < -20319 Or li_bytes > -10247) Then
lv_spell:=lv_spell||'*';--不知道的字符
Else
select max(spell) Into lv_temp from table(f_getSpellcode) where code<=li_bytes;
if p_sign Is Null then
lv_spell:=lv_spell||substr(lv_temp,1,1);
else
lv_spell:=lv_spell||lv_temp;
end if;
End If;
elsif lengthb(lv_char) = 3 then--打算支持utf8编码的
Select replace(substrb(dump(convert(lv_char,'ZHS16GBK','UTF8'),1010),instrb(dump(convert(lv_char,'ZHS16GBK','UTF8'),1010),'UTF8:')),'UTF8: ','')
Into lv_bytes from dual;
li_pos:=instr(lv_bytes,',');
li_bytes:=substr(lv_bytes,1,li_pos-1)*256+substr(lv_bytes,li_pos+1)-256*256;
--Select ascii(lv_char)-256*256 Into li_bytes From dual;
If (li_bytes < -20319 Or li_bytes > -10247) Then
lv_spell:=lv_spell||'*';--不支持的
Else
select max(spell) Into lv_temp from table(f_getSpellcode) where code<=li_bytes;
if p_sign Is Null then
lv_spell:=lv_spell||substr(lv_temp,1,1);
else
lv_spell:=lv_spell||lv_temp;
end if;
End If;
end if;
end loop;
return lv_spell;
end;
--此函数默认返回汉字拼音的首字母，第二个参数不为1则返回全拼。
--因受编码的约定，可能无法显示一些汉字，还请谅解！
/

测试
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL> select f_getSpell('张三') from dual;

F_GETFIRSTORFULLSPELL('张三')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
zs

SQL> select f_getSpell('张三',1) from dual;

F_GETFIRSTORFULLSPELL('张三',1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
zhangsan

SQL> select f_getSpell('张三abc') from dual;

F_GETFIRSTORFULLSPELL(张三ABC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
zsabc

SQL>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------