APUE手记01之第一个例程的运行myls.c

1. 环境

环境：ubuntu 9.04；gcc (Ubuntu 4.3.3-5ubuntu4) 4.3.3；

程序来源：书1.3.3节-路径名 程序1-1

2. 编译前配置

① 拷贝源码下apue.h到/usr/include目录下，apue.h文件具体内容如下：

 /* Our own header, to be included before all standard system headers */#ifndef_APUE_H#define_APUE_H#if defined(SOLARIS)#define _XOPEN_SOURCE500/* Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 for Solaris 9 */#define CMSG_LEN(x)_CMSG_DATA_ALIGN(sizeof(struct cmsghdr)+(x))#elif !defined(BSD)#define _XOPEN_SOURCE600/* Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 */#endif#include <sys/types.h>/* some systems still require this */#include <sys/stat.h>#include <sys/termios.h>/* for winsize */#ifndef TIOCGWINSZ#include <sys/ioctl.h>#endif#include <stdio.h>/* for convenience */#include <stdlib.h>/* for convenience */#include <stddef.h>/* for offsetof */#include <string.h>/* for convenience */#include <unistd.h>/* for convenience */#include <signal.h>/* for SIG_ERR */#defineMAXLINE4096/* max line length *//* * Default file access permissions for new files. */#defineFILE_MODE(S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)/* * Default permissions for new directories. */#defineDIR_MODE(FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)typedefvoidSigfunc(int);/* for signal handlers */#ifdefined(SIG_IGN) && !defined(SIG_ERR)#defineSIG_ERR((Sigfunc *)-1)#endif#definemin(a,b)((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))#definemax(a,b)((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))/* * Prototypes for our own functions. */char*path_alloc(int *);/* {Prog pathalloc} */long open_max(void);/* {Prog openmax} */void clr_fl(int, int);/* {Prog setfl} */void set_fl(int, int);/* {Prog setfl} */void pr_exit(int);/* {Prog prexit} */void pr_mask(const char *);/* {Prog prmask} */Sigfunc*signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *);/* {Prog signal_intr_function} */int tty_cbreak(int);/* {Prog raw} */int tty_raw(int);/* {Prog raw} */int tty_reset(int);/* {Prog raw} */void tty_atexit(void);/* {Prog raw} */#ifdefECHO/* only if <termios.h> has been included */struct termios*tty_termios(void);/* {Prog raw} */#endifvoid sleep_us(unsigned int);/* {Ex sleepus} */ssize_t readn(int, void *, size_t);/* {Prog readn_writen} */ssize_t writen(int, const void *, size_t);/* {Prog readn_writen} */void daemonize(const char *);/* {Prog daemoninit} */int s_pipe(int *);/* {Progs streams_spipe sock_spipe} */int recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int, const void *, size_t));/* {Progs recvfd_streams recvfd_sockets} */int send_fd(int, int);/* {Progs sendfd_streams sendfd_sockets} */int send_err(int, int, const char *);/* {Prog senderr} */int serv_listen(const char *);/* {Progs servlisten_streams servlisten_sockets} */int serv_accept(int, uid_t *);/* {Progs servaccept_streams servaccept_sockets} */int cli_conn(const char *);/* {Progs cliconn_streams cliconn_sockets} */int buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int, char **));/* {Prog bufargs} */int ptym_open(char *, int);/* {Progs3 ptyopen_streams ptyopen_bsd ptyopen_linux} */int ptys_open(char *);/* {Progs3 ptyopen_streams ptyopen_bsd ptyopen_linux} */#ifdefTIOCGWINSZpid_t pty_fork(int *, char *, int, const struct termios *, const struct winsize *);/* {Prog ptyfork} */#endifintlock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* {Prog lockreg} */#defineread_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) /lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))#definereadw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) /lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))#definewrite_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) /lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))#definewritew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) /lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))#defineun_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) /lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))pid_tlock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t);/* {Prog locktest} */#defineis_read_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) /(lock_test((fd), F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)#defineis_write_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) /(lock_test((fd), F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)voiderr_dump(const char *, ...);/* {App misc_source} */voiderr_msg(const char *, ...);voiderr_quit(const char *, ...);voiderr_exit(int, const char *, ...);voiderr_ret(const char *, ...);voiderr_sys(const char *, ...);voidlog_msg(const char *, ...);/* {App misc_source} */voidlog_open(const char *, int, int);voidlog_quit(const char *, ...);voidlog_ret(const char *, ...);voidlog_sys(const char *, ...);voidTELL_WAIT(void);/* parent/child from {Sec race_conditions} */voidTELL_PARENT(pid_t);voidTELL_CHILD(pid_t);voidWAIT_PARENT(void);voidWAIT_CHILD(void);#endif/* _APUE_H */ 

② 拷贝myerror.h到/usr/include目录下，myerr.h文件具体内容如下：

 //#include "apue.h" #include <errno.h>/* for definition of errno */ #include <stdarg.h> /* ISO C variable aruments */ static void err_doit(int, int, const char *, va_list); /* * Nonfatal error related to a system call. * Print a message and return. */ void err_ret(const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); } /* * Fatal error related to a system call. * Print a message and terminate. */ void err_sys(const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); exit(1); } /* * Fatal error unrelated to a system call. * Error code passed as explict parameter. * Print a message and terminate. */ void err_exit(int error, const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(1, error, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); exit(1); } /* * Fatal error related to a system call. * Print a message, dump core, and terminate. */ void err_dump(const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); abort(); /* dump core and terminate */ exit(1); /* shouldn't get here */ } /* * Nonfatal error unrelated to a system call. * Print a message and return. */ void err_msg(const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); } /* * Fatal error unrelated to a system call. * Print a message and terminate. */ void err_quit(const char *fmt, ...) { va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt); err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap); va_end(ap); exit(1); } /* * Print a message and return to caller. * Caller specifies "errnoflag". */ static void err_doit(int errnoflag, int error, const char *fmt, va_list ap) { char buf[MAXLINE]; vsnprintf(buf, MAXLINE, fmt, ap); if (errnoflag) snprintf(buf+strlen(buf), MAXLINE-strlen(buf), ": %s", strerror(error)); strcat(buf, " "); fflush(stdout); /* in case stdout and stderr are the same */ fputs(buf, stderr); fflush(NULL); /* flushes all stdio output streams */ }

③ 编辑/usr/include/apue.h，在文件最后添加” #include "myerr.h"”

3. 编译运行具体过程

 

① cd 你的工作目录；

② vi 你的工作目录/myls.c，具体内容如下：

 

 #include <dirent.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <apue.h>int main(int argc, char *argv[]){DIR *dp = NULL;//struct dirent *dirp = NULL;struct dirent* dirp;if(argc != 2)err_quit("a single argument (the directory name) is required");if((dp = opendir(argv[1])) == NULL)err_sys("can't open %s", argv[1]);while((dirp = readdir(dp)) != NULL)printf("%s/n", dirp->d_name);closedir(dp);exit(0);}

 

③ gcc -o myls myls.c；

④ ./myls xxx(你想查看的目录，如/etc)