使用QTP检查页面中的基本异常

　页面异常输入测试是系统测试的一个重要方面，但是因为比较繁杂，人工测试时往往难以完全覆盖，此时采用自动化测试，就有相当的优势了。

　　其中就包括很多异常输入测试点：

　　名称不能包含特殊字符，固定的电话格式，固定的手机格式，银行账号（必须全为数字），付费号码长度限制，手机号码格式、长度限制，Email格式限制等

　　其实异常策略是有通用性的，现总结如下：

　　1.exp@@SpecialChar(e_chr)     包含特殊字符，e_chr为指定的特殊字符

　　2.exp@@StringLenMax(e_len)   字符串超过最大长度，e_len为最大长度值

　　3.exp@@StringLenMin(e_len)   字符串不足最小长度，e_len为最小长度值

　　4.exp@@String                字符串包含数字（要求全字符）

　　5.exp@@Num                 字符串包含字符（要求全数字）

　　6.exp@@NumMax(e_max)    输入超过指定最大值，e_max，最大值

　　6.exp@@NumMin(e_min)    输入不足指定最大值，e_mmin，最小值

　　7.exp@@NumLenMax(e_len)    数值长度超限，e_len，长度最大值

　　8.exp@@NumLenMin(e_len)    数值长度不足，e_len，长度最小值

　　9.exp@@StringPre(e_pre)       字符串不为指定前缀，e_pre，前缀值

　　10.exp@@NumPre(e_pre)       数值不使用指定前缀，e_pre，前缀值

　　11.exp@@Email               数值不为标准Email格式

　　12.exp@@Need               必输入项，提供空字符串

具体实现上，在准备数据文件时，提供两种数据：

　　1.      每个字段的默认输入值，即正确值。也是自动化程序执行时默认输入的数据。

　　2.      异常值，针对每个字段，提供该字段可能需要的异常策略，对所有异常进行遍历。

　　第一行为默认值，第二行为字段对应的异常策略。

　　分三个函数来处理：

　　1.      执行函数

Public Sub excep_OpUser()
              routingname = "企业用户输入－异常测试"
              ' 载入数据表数据的第2行
                     GE_SetCurRow OppDataFile,"企业用户",2
              Dim objStr,oScript,i
              set objStr = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
              set oScript = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
            
              ‘ 根据数据表字段设置每个字段的QTP执行语句
              for i = 1 to DataTable.GetSheet("UserData").GetParameterCount
                     if DataTable.GetSheet("UserData").GetParameter(i)="企业名称" Then _
                             objStr.add DataTable.value(i,"UserData"),".WebEdit("opername").set "
                     ...
              Next
            
              ‘ 调用异常数据生成函数，返回值保存在dictionary对象oScript中
              Gen_excepData(objStr,oScript)
             
              ‘ 依次对含异常策略的字段进行异常测试
              For i = 0 to oScript.Count-1
                     Call OpUserSet(1,oScript(i))
              Next
            
              set objStr = Nothing
              set oScript = Nothing
       End Sub

　2.      异常数据生成函数

Public Function Gen_excepData(byval dObj,byRef oScript)
       ‘ 异常值，正确值，异常类型，异常参数
       Dim errorValue,CorrectValue,expType,expPara
       Dim objName,scriptstr
       Dim i,j,expItem
       expItem = 0    ‘ 记录异常数
       Randomize
     
       for i = 1 to DataTable.GetSheet("UserData").GetParameterCount
              ‘ 第一行数据为默认正确数值
              CorrectValue = DataTable.GetSheet("UserData").GetParameter(i).ValueByRow(1)
              datatable.SetCurrentRow 2
            
              if Instr(Datatable.value(i,"UserData"),"exp@@")>0 Then
                     objName = dObj.Item(Datatable.value(i,"UserData"))
                     ‘ 同一字段多种异常策略的处理
                     arr1 = split (Datatable.value(i,"UserData"),"|",-1,1)
                     For j = 0 to Ubound(arr1)
                            ‘ 获取异常类型和异常参数
                            If RegExpTest("exp@@.{1,}/(.{1,}/)",arr1(j)) Then
                                   exptype = Mid(arr1(j),6,InStr(arr1(j),"(")-6)
                                   expPara = Mid(arr1(j),InStr(arr1(j),"(")+1,InStr(arr1(j),")")-InStr(arr1(j),"(")-1)
                            Else
                                   expType = replace(arr1(j),"exp@@","")
                            End If                  
                            ‘ 不同策略对应的数据生成
                            select Case expType
                            Case "SpecialChar"
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,Right(CorrectValue,1),"%")
                                   scriptstr = objName + chr (34) + errorValue + chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,Right(CorrectValue,1),"'")
                                   scriptstr = objName + chr (34) + errorValue + chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,Right(CorrectValue,1),"/")
                                   scriptstr = objName + chr (34) + errorValue + chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,Right(CorrectValue,1),":")
                                   scriptstr = objName + chr (34) + errorValue + chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,Right(CorrectValue,1),"*")
                                   scriptstr = objName + chr (34) + errorValue + chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,Right(CorrectValue,1),"&")
                                   scriptstr = objName + chr (34) + errorValue + chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,Right(CorrectValue,1),"?")
                                   scriptstr = objName + chr (34) + errorValue + chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,Right(CorrectValue,1),"""")
                                   scriptstr = objName + chr (34) + errorValue + chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,Right(CorrectValue,1),"<")
                                   scriptstr = objName + chr (34) + errorValue + chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,Right(CorrectValue,1),">")
                                   scriptstr = objName + chr (34) + errorValue + chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,Right(CorrectValue,1),"|")
                                   scriptstr = objName + chr (34) + errorValue + chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,Right(CorrectValue,1),"(")
                                   scriptstr = objName + chr (34) + errorValue + chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,Right(CorrectValue,1),")")
                                   scriptstr = objName + chr (34) + errorValue + chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr            
                            Case "StringLenMax"
                                   errorValue = CorrectValue
                                   Dim n
                                   For n = 1 to expPara+1-Len(CorrectValue)
                                          errorValue = errorValue & chr(Int(26 * Rnd + 97))
                                   Next
                                   scriptstr = objName & chr(34) & errorValue & chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr            
                            Case "StringLenMin"
                                   errorValue = Left(CorrectValue,expPara-1)
                                   scriptstr = objName & chr(34) & errorValue & chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr            
                            Case "String"
                                   errorValue = ""
                                   Dim n
                                   For n = 1 to Len(CorrectValue)
                                          errorValue = errorValue & chr(Int(10 * Rnd + 48))
                                   Next
                                   scriptstr = objName & chr(34) & errorValue & chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr            
                            Case "Num"
                                   errorValue = Left(CorrectValue,Len(CorrectValue)-1) & chr(Int(26 * Rnd + 97))                         
                                   scriptstr = objName & chr(34) & errorValue & chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr     
                            Case "NumMax"
                                   errorValue = expPara + 1                   
                                   scriptstr = objName & chr(34) & errorValue & chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr     
                            Case "NumMin"
                                   errorValue = expPara - 1             
                                   scriptstr = objName & chr(34) & errorValue & chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr     
                            Case "NumLenMax"
                                   errorValue = CorrectValue
                                   Dim n
                                   For n = 1 to expPara+1-Len(CorrectValue)
                                          errorValue = errorValue & chr(Int(10 * Rnd + 48))
                                   Next
                                   scriptstr = objName & chr(34) & errorValue & chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr     
                            Case "NumLenMin"     
                                   errorValue = Left(CorrectValue,expPara-1)
                                   scriptstr = objName & chr(34) & errorValue & chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr
                            Case "StringPre"
                                   Dim n,tmpStr
                                   tmpStr = ""
                                   For n = 1 to Len(expPara)
                                          tmpStr = tmpStr & chr(Int(26 * Rnd + 97))
                                   Next
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,expPara,tmpStr)
                                   scriptstr = objName & chr(34) & errorValue & chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr     
                            Case "NumPre"    
                                   Dim n,tmpStr
                                   tmpStr = ""
                                   For n = 1 to Len(expPara)
                                          tmpStr = tmpStr & chr(Int(10 * Rnd + 48))
                                   Next
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,expPara,tmpStr)
                                   scriptstr = objName & chr(34) & errorValue & chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr     
                            Case "Email" 
                                   errorValue = Replace(CorrectValue,"@",chr(Int(26 * Rnd + 97)))
                                   errorValue = Replace(errorValue,".",chr(Int(26 * Rnd + 97)))
                                   scriptstr = objName & chr(34) & errorValue & chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr     
                            Case "Need"
                                   errorValue = ""
                                   scriptstr = objName & chr(34) & errorValue & chr(34)
                                   expItem = expItem + 1
                                   oScript.add "excepData" & expItem,scriptstr     
                            End Select
                     Next
              End If
       Next
 
End Function

　　3.      页面输入函数

　　即相应的QTP录制执行脚本，输入默认正确数值后，将相应字段修改为异常数值后提交，再判断是否出现相应的异常提示。

　　（函数省略）

　　通过以上方法，可以完整覆盖页面输入的异常判断，减轻人工测试覆盖不足的问题。