Tips for Optimization Linux Memory Usage

内存泄露的查看与检测：

 

Linux Free 命令的输出：

 

                total          used           free                 shared    buffers     cached
Mem:       8298904    6202940    2095964          0             400124    5291536
-/+ buffers/cache:     511280    7787624
Swap:      2048276    0               2048276

 

buffers 和 cached 主要是为了提高磁盘的读取效率，除了对dentry进行缓存外，还采取了两种cache方式：Buffer Cache和Page Cache，前者主要针对磁盘块的读写，后者主要针对inode的读写；

 

buffers 主要指Buffer Cache，cached 主要指Page Cache。

 

-/+ buffers/cache: 意思是减去（buffers + cached）后真正地内存使用量，和加上（buffers + cached）后真正地内存空闲量。

 

used数值包括了进城所使用的内存和一部分磁盘缓存；

 

那used的数值比较异常，是发生了内存泄露吗？非也！！

 

Usually the kernel handles memory utilization pretty well it cachesmemory for dentry cache, page cache and inodes which improves IO speedand performance generally. But in some cases user applications needslots of memory and we need to clear what’s called dirty memory whichcould be inodes already written to the disk, so now the kernel given usthe option to manage this manually. Used memory 几乎总是会包含磁盘缓存，所以文件读写过多之后导致可用内存就会急剧下降，其他应用需要内存的时候就会发生disk buffer的sync操作，以至于系统性能大受影响。

 

Linux Kernel提供了有效地方法来清除磁盘缓存：/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches （具体在哪个版本后的kernel才支持，尚未查阅）

        echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches  free page cache

        echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches  free dentry and inodes cache

        echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches  free both of the two above

在执行这些操作之前，最好先执行sync （flush file system buffers）

 

Linux principals:

When extra physical memory is not in use, the kernel attemptsto put it to work as a disk buffer cache. The disk buffer storesrecently accessed disk data in memory; if the same data is neededagain it can be quickly retrieved from the cache, improvingperformance. The buffer grows and shrinks dynamically to use thememory available, although priority is given to using the memoryfor paging. Thus, all the memory you have is put to gooduse.