SQL Server 批量插入数据的两种方法

在SQL Server 中插入一条数据使用Insert语句，但是如果想要批量插入一堆数据的话，循环使用Insert不仅效率低，而且会导致SQL一系统性能问题。下面介绍SQL Server支持的两种批量数据插入方法：Bulk和表值参数(Table-Valued Parameters)。

运行下面的脚本，建立测试数据库和表值参数。

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--Create DataBase  
create database BulkTestDB;  
go  
use BulkTestDB;  
go  
--Create Table  
Create table BulkTestTable(  
Id int primary key,  
UserName nvarchar(32),  
Pwd varchar(16))  
go  
--Create Table Valued  
CREATE TYPE BulkUdt AS TABLE  
  (Id int,  
   UserName nvarchar(32),  
   Pwd varchar(16)) 
--Create DataBase
create database BulkTestDB;
go
use BulkTestDB;
go
--Create Table
Create table BulkTestTable(
Id int primary key,
UserName nvarchar(32),
Pwd varchar(16))
go
--Create Table Valued
CREATE TYPE BulkUdt AS TABLE
  (Id int,
   UserName nvarchar(32),
   Pwd varchar(16))

下面我们使用最简单的Insert语句来插入100万条数据，代码如下：

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Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();  
 
SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(  
    ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr"].ConnectionString);//连接数据库  
 
SqlCommand sqlComm = new SqlCommand();  
sqlComm.CommandText = string.Format("insert into BulkTestTable(Id,UserName,Pwd)values(@p0,@p1,@p2)");//参数化SQL  
sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p0", SqlDbType.Int);  
sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p1", SqlDbType.NVarChar);  
sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p2", SqlDbType.VarChar);  
sqlComm.CommandType = CommandType.Text;  
sqlComm.Connection = sqlConn;  
sqlConn.Open();  
try 
{  
    //循环插入100万条数据，每次插入10万条，插入10次。  
    for (int multiply = 0; multiply < 10; multiply++)  
    {  
        for (int count = multiply * 100000; count < (multiply + 1) * 100000; count++)  
        {  
 
            sqlComm.Parameters["@p0"].Value = count;  
            sqlComm.Parameters["@p1"].Value = string.Format("User-{0}", count * multiply);  
            sqlComm.Parameters["@p2"].Value = string.Format("Pwd-{0}", count * multiply);  
            sw.Start();  
            sqlComm.ExecuteNonQuery();  
            sw.Stop();  
        }  
        //每插入10万条数据后，显示此次插入所用时间  
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds));  
    }  
}  
catch (Exception ex)  
{  
    throw ex;  
}  
finally 
{  
    sqlConn.Close();  
}  
 
Console.ReadLine(); 
            Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();

            SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(
                ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr"].ConnectionString);//连接数据库

            SqlCommand sqlComm = new SqlCommand();
            sqlComm.CommandText = string.Format("insert into BulkTestTable(Id,UserName,Pwd)values(@p0,@p1,@p2)");//参数化SQL
            sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p0", SqlDbType.Int);
            sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p1", SqlDbType.NVarChar);
            sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p2", SqlDbType.VarChar);
            sqlComm.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
            sqlComm.Connection = sqlConn;
            sqlConn.Open();
            try
            {
                //循环插入100万条数据，每次插入10万条，插入10次。
                for (int multiply = 0; multiply < 10; multiply++)
                {
                    for (int count = multiply * 100000; count < (multiply + 1) * 100000; count++)
                    {

                        sqlComm.Parameters["@p0"].Value = count;
                        sqlComm.Parameters["@p1"].Value = string.Format("User-{0}", count * multiply);
                        sqlComm.Parameters["@p2"].Value = string.Format("Pwd-{0}", count * multiply);
                        sw.Start();
                        sqlComm.ExecuteNonQuery();
                        sw.Stop();
                    }
                    //每插入10万条数据后，显示此次插入所用时间
                    Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds));
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
            finally
            {
                sqlConn.Close();
            }

            Console.ReadLine();

耗时图如下：

 

由于运行过慢，才插入10万条就耗时72390 milliseconds，所以我就手动强行停止了。

下面看一下使用Bulk插入的情况：

bulk方法主要思想是通过在客户端把数据都缓存在Table中，然后利用SqlBulkCopy一次性把Table中的数据插入到数据库

代码如下：

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public static void BulkToDB(DataTable dt)  
{  
    SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(  
        ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr"].ConnectionString);  
    SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(sqlConn);  
    bulkCopy.DestinationTableName = "BulkTestTable";  
    bulkCopy.BatchSize = dt.Rows.Count;  
 
    try 
    {  
        sqlConn.Open();  
    if (dt != null && dt.Rows.Count != 0)  
        bulkCopy.WriteToServer(dt);  
    }  
    catch (Exception ex)  
    {  
        throw ex;  
    }  
    finally 
    {  
        sqlConn.Close();  
        if (bulkCopy != null)  
            bulkCopy.Close();  
    }  
}  
 
public static DataTable GetTableSchema()  
{  
    DataTable dt = new DataTable();  
    dt.Columns.AddRange(new DataColumn[]{  
        new DataColumn("Id",typeof(int)),  
        new DataColumn("UserName",typeof(string)),  
    new DataColumn("Pwd",typeof(string))});  
 
    return dt;  
}  
 
static void Main(string[] args)  
{  
    Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();  
    for (int multiply = 0; multiply < 10; multiply++)  
    {  
        DataTable dt = Bulk.GetTableSchema();  
        for (int count = multiply * 100000; count < (multiply + 1) * 100000; count++)  
        {  
            DataRow r = dt.NewRow();  
            r[0] = count;  
            r[1] = string.Format("User-{0}", count * multiply);  
            r[2] = string.Format("Pwd-{0}", count * multiply);  
            dt.Rows.Add(r);  
        }  
        sw.Start();  
        Bulk.BulkToDB(dt);  
        sw.Stop();  
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds));  
    }  
 
    Console.ReadLine();  
} 
public static void BulkToDB(DataTable dt)
{
    SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(
        ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr"].ConnectionString);
    SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(sqlConn);
    bulkCopy.DestinationTableName = "BulkTestTable";
    bulkCopy.BatchSize = dt.Rows.Count;

    try
    {
        sqlConn.Open();
 if (dt != null && dt.Rows.Count != 0)
     bulkCopy.WriteToServer(dt);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        throw ex;
    }
    finally
    {
        sqlConn.Close();
        if (bulkCopy != null)
            bulkCopy.Close();
    }
}

public static DataTable GetTableSchema()
{
    DataTable dt = new DataTable();
    dt.Columns.AddRange(new DataColumn[]{
        new DataColumn("Id",typeof(int)),
        new DataColumn("UserName",typeof(string)),
 new DataColumn("Pwd",typeof(string))});

    return dt;
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
    for (int multiply = 0; multiply < 10; multiply++)
    {
        DataTable dt = Bulk.GetTableSchema();
        for (int count = multiply * 100000; count < (multiply + 1) * 100000; count++)
        {
            DataRow r = dt.NewRow();
            r[0] = count;
            r[1] = string.Format("User-{0}", count * multiply);
            r[2] = string.Format("Pwd-{0}", count * multiply);
            dt.Rows.Add(r);
        }
        sw.Start();
        Bulk.BulkToDB(dt);
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds));
    }

    Console.ReadLine();
}

耗时图如下：

 

可见，使用Bulk后，效率和性能明显上升。使用Insert插入10万数据耗时72390，而现在使用Bulk插入100万数据才耗时17583。

最后再看看使用表值参数的效率，会另你大为惊讶的。

表值参数是SQL Server 2008新特性，简称TVPs。对于表值参数不熟悉的朋友，可以参考最新的book online，我也会另外写一篇关于表值参数的博客，不过此次不对表值参数的概念做过多的介绍。言归正传，看代码：

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public static void TableValuedToDB(DataTable dt)  
{  
    SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(  
      ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr"].ConnectionString);  
    const string TSqlStatement =  
     "insert into BulkTestTable (Id,UserName,Pwd)" +  
     " SELECT nc.Id, nc.UserName,nc.Pwd" +  
     " FROM @NewBulkTestTvp AS nc";  
    SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(TSqlStatement, sqlConn);  
    SqlParameter catParam = cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@NewBulkTestTvp", dt);  
    catParam.SqlDbType = SqlDbType.Structured;  
    //表值参数的名字叫BulkUdt，在上面的建立测试环境的SQL中有。  
    catParam.TypeName = "dbo.BulkUdt";  
    try 
    {  
      sqlConn.Open();  
      if (dt != null && dt.Rows.Count != 0)  
      {  
          cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();  
      }  
    }  
    catch (Exception ex)  
    {  
      throw ex;  
    }  
    finally 
    {  
      sqlConn.Close();  
    }  
}  
 
public static DataTable GetTableSchema()  
{  
    DataTable dt = new DataTable();  
    dt.Columns.AddRange(new DataColumn[]{  
      new DataColumn("Id",typeof(int)),  
      new DataColumn("UserName",typeof(string)),  
      new DataColumn("Pwd",typeof(string))});  
 
    return dt;  
}  
 
static void Main(string[] args)  
{  
    Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();  
    for (int multiply = 0; multiply < 10; multiply++)  
    {  
        DataTable dt = TableValued.GetTableSchema();  
        for (int count = multiply * 100000; count < (multiply + 1) * 100000; count++)  
        {          
            DataRow r = dt.NewRow();  
            r[0] = count;  
            r[1] = string.Format("User-{0}", count * multiply);  
            r[2] = string.Format("Pwd-{0}", count * multiply);  
            dt.Rows.Add(r);  
        }  
        sw.Start();  
        TableValued.TableValuedToDB(dt);  
        sw.Stop();  
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds));  
    }  
 
    Console.ReadLine();  
} 
public static void TableValuedToDB(DataTable dt)
{
    SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(
      ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr"].ConnectionString);
    const string TSqlStatement =
     "insert into BulkTestTable (Id,UserName,Pwd)" +
     " SELECT nc.Id, nc.UserName,nc.Pwd" +
     " FROM @NewBulkTestTvp AS nc";
    SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(TSqlStatement, sqlConn);
    SqlParameter catParam = cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@NewBulkTestTvp", dt);
    catParam.SqlDbType = SqlDbType.Structured;
    //表值参数的名字叫BulkUdt，在上面的建立测试环境的SQL中有。
    catParam.TypeName = "dbo.BulkUdt";
    try
    {
      sqlConn.Open();
      if (dt != null && dt.Rows.Count != 0)
      {
          cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
      }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
      throw ex;
    }
    finally
    {
      sqlConn.Close();
    }
}

public static DataTable GetTableSchema()
{
    DataTable dt = new DataTable();
    dt.Columns.AddRange(new DataColumn[]{
      new DataColumn("Id",typeof(int)),
      new DataColumn("UserName",typeof(string)),
      new DataColumn("Pwd",typeof(string))});

    return dt;
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
    for (int multiply = 0; multiply < 10; multiply++)
    {
        DataTable dt = TableValued.GetTableSchema();
        for (int count = multiply * 100000; count < (multiply + 1) * 100000; count++)
        {       
            DataRow r = dt.NewRow();
            r[0] = count;
            r[1] = string.Format("User-{0}", count * multiply);
            r[2] = string.Format("Pwd-{0}", count * multiply);
            dt.Rows.Add(r);
        }
        sw.Start();
        TableValued.TableValuedToDB(dt);
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds));
    }

    Console.ReadLine();
}

耗时图如下：

 

比Bulk还快5秒。

如需转载，请注明此文原创自CSDN TJVictor专栏：http://blog.csdn.net/tjvictor/archive/2009/07/18/4360030.aspx

 

本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/tjvictor/archive/2009/07/18/4360030.aspx