在LAMP环境下pear::Mail发送邮件错误sendmail returned error code 78 的解决

我在LAMP环境下在安装statusnet的时候遇到最大的一个问题就是在用户注册时，输入用户的电子邮件地址，注册后就会显示如下的错误：

Database error

An important error occured, probably related to email setup. Check logfiles for more info..

对于这个问题我一直无法解决。

随着我对statusnet的深入剖析和学习，随着一步一步的深入代码我终于找到了这个问题的根本原因所在。在statusnet根目录/class/User.php中

if ($email && !$user->email) {
            mail_confirm_address($user, $confirm->code, $profile->nickname, $email);

这段调用了statusnet根目录/lib/mail.php中的函数，最终调用这个函数

function mail_send($recipients, $headers, $body)
{
    // XXX: use Mail_Queue... maybe
    $backend = mail_backend();
    if (!isset($headers['Content-Type'])) {
        $headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8';
    }
    assert($backend); // throws an error if it's bad
    $sent = $backend->send($recipients, $headers, $body);
    if (PEAR::isError($sent)) {
        common_log(LOG_ERR, 'Email error: ' . $sent->getMessage());
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

在这里你要在config.php中配置下你的邮件选项，如果你使用的是linux下默认的sendmail就可以如下配置

$config['mail']['notifyfrom'] = '[e-mail]';//寄送确认信件的发送邮件地址
$config['mail']['domain'] = 'xiaofei.zgch.gov.cn';//所在的主机和域名的全称（这里主机名xiaofei，域名zgch.gov.cn）
$config['mail']['backend'] = 'sendmail';//你所用的发送邮件的服务（我用的是linux下默认的sendmail）
$config['mail']['params'] = array('sendmail_path' => '/usr/sbin/sendmail','sendmail_args' => '-oi -t');//我用的是fedora12，默认sendmail路径

注意sendmail_args的参数

Two useful flags to pass sendmail are -oi and -t. The -oi flag tells sendmail not to
think a single dot (.) on a line is the end of the message. The -t flag makes sendmail
parse the file for To: and other header lines.

这样配置你就会遇到文章开始处的错误。你会看到apache的错误和statusnet本身的错误都指向了mail的配置。只好来看看sendmail本身的log，在这里/var/log/maillog，你会看到这样的错误

Mar 23 15:51:11 xiaofei sendmail[3773]: NOQUEUE: SYSERR(apache): can not chdir(/var/spool/clientmqueue/): Permission denied

这个好像是说apache没有这个目录的权限，网上有的解决方案是如下改变该目录的权限

chmod 777 /var/spool/clientmqueue

但是这样是无济于事的。你应该这样干

/usr/sbin/setsebool -P httpd_can_sendmail=on

原因是apache默认并不运行sendmail。你必须手动开启。这里手的比较详尽：

By default, Apache is not allowed to run Sendmail. This is a security feature.
To enable it, go to a root prompt and do:
/usr/sbin/setsebool -P httpd_can_sendmail=on
I have tried changing permissions but I get no where.
It's not a "file permissions" problem, as such -- you should put them back to how they're supposed to be.

这样改完了你的邮件设置才正确，才能正确的从statusnet发送确认信件到用户输入的邮箱。

还有一点值得注意：你最好把你误用chmod 777 /var/spool/clientmqueue改的目录权限改过来，不然/var/log/maillog会提示你

Mar 23 16:07:40 xiaofei sendmail[3840]: dangerous permissions=40777 on queue directory /var/spool/clientmqueue/

这是“很危险的”！！！