OpenGL学习笔记(二)

 opengl学习笔记

 

1.这一部分主要包括，如何在opengl中添加纹理，以及光照

 

 

 

 

2.1添加纹理

在添加纹理之前，我们首先要从自己的文档中读入自己即将要添加的纹理图片

 

函数如下：

AUX_RGBImageRec *LoadBMP(char *Filename) // 载入位图文件{FILE *File=NULL;if (!Filename){return NULL;}File=fopen(Filename,"r");if (File){fclose(File);return auxDIBImageLoad(Filename);}return NULL;}

 

需要注意的是，在程序中，绑定的纹理实际上是通过绑定之前所创建的索引来实现的，另外就是需要注意纹理的坐标问题，在opengl中，纹理的左下角坐标默认为0，分别向右和向上增加。

 

 

 

 

接下来要做的就是将打开的位图文件转换成为纹理

int LoadGLTextures() //载入位图并且转换成为纹理{int Status=FALSE;AUX_RGBImageRec *TextureImage[1];// Create Storage Space For The Texturememset(TextureImage,0,sizeof(void *）*1); // Set The Pointer To NULL// Load The Bitmap, Check For Errors, If Bitmap's Not Found Quitif (TextureImage[0]=LoadBMP("Data/Crate.bmp")){Status=TRUE;glGenTextures(3, &texture[0]); //创建3个纹理的索引glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_NEAREST);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_NEAREST);glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[1]);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[2]); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);}if (TextureImage[0])// If Texture Exists{if (TextureImage[0]->data)// If Texture Image Exists{free(TextureImage[0]->data);// Free The Texture Image Memory}free(TextureImage[0]);// Free The Image Structure}return Status;}

 

 

 

 

接下来就是如何调用这些纹理了，在这里我通过一个简单的例子来说明

#include <windows.h>// Header File For Windows#include <stdio.h>// Header File For Standard Input/Output#include <gl/gl.h>// Header File For The OpenGL32 Library#include <gl/glu.h>// Header File For The GLu32 Library#include <gl/glaux.h>// Header File For The Glaux LibraryHDChDC=NULL;// Private GDI Device ContextHGLRChRC=NULL;// Permanent Rendering ContextHWNDhWnd=NULL;// Holds Our Window HandleHINSTANCEhInstance;// Holds The Instance Of The Applicationboolkeys[256];// Array Used For The Keyboard Routineboolactive=TRUE;// Window Active Flag Set To TRUE By Defaultboolfullscreen=TRUE;// Fullscreen Flag Set To Fullscreen Mode By DefaultGLfloatxrot;// X Rotation ( NEW )GLfloatyrot;// Y Rotation ( NEW )GLfloatzrot;// Z Rotation ( NEW )GLuinttexture[1];// Storage For One Texture ( NEW )LRESULTCALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);// Declaration For WndProcAUX_RGBImageRec *LoadBMP(char *Filename)// Loads A Bitmap Image{FILE *File=NULL;// File Handleif (!Filename)// Make Sure A Filename Was Given{return NULL;// If Not Return NULL}File=fopen(Filename,"r");// Check To See If The File Existsif (File)// Does The File Exist?{fclose(File);// Close The Handlereturn auxDIBImageLoad(Filename);// Load The Bitmap And Return A Pointer}return NULL;// If Load Failed Return NULL}int LoadGLTextures()// Load Bitmaps And Convert To Textures{int Status=FALSE;// Status IndicatorAUX_RGBImageRec *TextureImage[1];// Create Storage Space For The Texturememset(TextureImage,0,sizeof(void *)*1); // Set The Pointer To NULL// Load The Bitmap, Check For Errors, If Bitmap's Not Found Quitif (TextureImage[0]=LoadBMP("Data/NeHe.bmp")){Status=TRUE;// Set The Status To TRUEglGenTextures(1, &texture[0]);// Create The Texture// Typical Texture Generation Using Data From The BitmapglBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]);glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);}if (TextureImage[0])// If Texture Exists{if (TextureImage[0]->data)// If Texture Image Exists{free(TextureImage[0]->data);// Free The Texture Image Memory}free(TextureImage[0]);// Free The Image Structure}return Status;// Return The Status}GLvoid ReSizeGLScene(GLsizei width, GLsizei height)// Resize And Initialize The GL Window{if (height==0)// Prevent A Divide By Zero By{height=1;// Making Height Equal One}glViewport(0,0,width,height);// Reset The Current ViewportglMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);// Select The Projection MatrixglLoadIdentity();// Reset The Projection Matrix// Calculate The Aspect Ratio Of The WindowgluPerspective(45.0f,(GLfloat)width/(GLfloat)height,0.1f,100.0f);glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);// Select The Modelview MatrixglLoadIdentity();// Reset The Modelview Matrix}int InitGL(GLvoid)// All Setup For OpenGL Goes Here{if (!LoadGLTextures())// Jump To Texture Loading Routine ( NEW ){return FALSE;// If Texture Didn't Load Return FALSE}glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);// Enable Texture Mapping ( NEW )glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);// Enable Smooth ShadingglClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f);// Black BackgroundglClearDepth(1.0f);// Depth Buffer SetupglEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);// Enables Depth TestingglDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);// The Type Of Depth Testing To DoglHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST);// Really Nice Perspective Calculationsreturn TRUE;// Initialization Went OK}int DrawGLScene(GLvoid)// Here's Where We Do All The Drawing{glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);// Clear The Screen And The Depth BufferglLoadIdentity();// Reset The ViewglTranslatef(0.0f,0.0f,-5.0f);glRotatef(xrot,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);glRotatef(yrot,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);glRotatef(zrot,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]);glBegin(GL_QUADS);// Front FaceglTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);// Back FaceglTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);// Top FaceglTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);// Bottom FaceglTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);// Right faceglTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);// Left FaceglTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);glEnd();xrot+=0.3f;yrot+=0.2f;zrot+=0.4f;return TRUE;// Keep Going}GLvoid KillGLWindow(GLvoid)// Properly Kill The Window{if (fullscreen)// Are We In Fullscreen Mode?{ChangeDisplaySettings(NULL,0);// If So Switch Back To The DesktopShowCursor(TRUE);// Show Mouse Pointer}if (hRC)// Do We Have A Rendering Context?{if (!wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL))// Are We Able To Release The DC And RC Contexts?{MessageBox(NULL,"Release Of DC And RC Failed.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);}if (!wglDeleteContext(hRC))// Are We Able To Delete The RC?{MessageBox(NULL,"Release Rendering Context Failed.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);}hRC=NULL;// Set RC To NULL}if (hDC && !ReleaseDC(hWnd,hDC))// Are We Able To Release The DC{MessageBox(NULL,"Release Device Context Failed.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);hDC=NULL;// Set DC To NULL}if (hWnd && !DestroyWindow(hWnd))// Are We Able To Destroy The Window?{MessageBox(NULL,"Could Not Release hWnd.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);hWnd=NULL;// Set hWnd To NULL}if (!UnregisterClass("OpenGL",hInstance))// Are We Able To Unregister Class{MessageBox(NULL,"Could Not Unregister Class.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);hInstance=NULL;// Set hInstance To NULL}}/*This Code Creates Our OpenGL Window. Parameters Are:* *title- Title To Appear At The Top Of The Window* *width- Width Of The GL Window Or Fullscreen Mode* *height- Height Of The GL Window Or Fullscreen Mode* *bits- Number Of Bits To Use For Color (8/16/24/32)* *fullscreenflag- Use Fullscreen Mode (TRUE) Or Windowed Mode (FALSE)*/ BOOL CreateGLWindow(char* title, int width, int height, int bits, bool fullscreenflag){GLuintPixelFormat;// Holds The Results After Searching For A MatchWNDCLASSwc;// Windows Class StructureDWORDdwExStyle;// Window Extended StyleDWORDdwStyle;// Window StyleRECTWindowRect;// Grabs Rectangle Upper Left / Lower Right ValuesWindowRect.left=(long)0;// Set Left Value To 0WindowRect.right=(long)width;// Set Right Value To Requested WidthWindowRect.top=(long)0;// Set Top Value To 0WindowRect.bottom=(long)height;// Set Bottom Value To Requested Heightfullscreen=fullscreenflag;// Set The Global Fullscreen FlaghInstance= GetModuleHandle(NULL);// Grab An Instance For Our Windowwc.style= CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC;// Redraw On Size, And Own DC For Window.wc.lpfnWndProc= (WNDPROC) WndProc;// WndProc Handles Messageswc.cbClsExtra= 0;// No Extra Window Datawc.cbWndExtra= 0;// No Extra Window Datawc.hInstance= hInstance;// Set The Instancewc.hIcon= LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO);// Load The Default Iconwc.hCursor= LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);// Load The Arrow Pointerwc.hbrBackground= NULL;// No Background Required For GLwc.lpszMenuName= NULL;// We Don't Want A Menuwc.lpszClassName= "OpenGL";// Set The Class Nameif (!RegisterClass(&wc))// Attempt To Register The Window Class{MessageBox(NULL,"Failed To Register The Window Class.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}if (fullscreen)// Attempt Fullscreen Mode?{DEVMODE dmScreenSettings;// Device Modememset(&dmScreenSettings,0,sizeof(dmScreenSettings));// Makes Sure Memory's CleareddmScreenSettings.dmSize=sizeof(dmScreenSettings);// Size Of The Devmode StructuredmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth= width;// Selected Screen WidthdmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight= height;// Selected Screen HeightdmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel= bits;// Selected Bits Per PixeldmScreenSettings.dmFields=DM_BITSPERPEL|DM_PELSWIDTH|DM_PELSHEIGHT;// Try To Set Selected Mode And Get Results. NOTE: CDS_FULLSCREEN Gets Rid Of Start Bar.if (ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings,CDS_FULLSCREEN)!=DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL){// If The Mode Fails, Offer Two Options. Quit Or Use Windowed Mode.if (MessageBox(NULL,"The Requested Fullscreen Mode Is Not Supported By/nYour Video Card. Use Windowed Mode Instead?","NeHe GL",MB_YESNO|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION)==IDYES){fullscreen=FALSE;// Windowed Mode Selected. Fullscreen = FALSE}else{// Pop Up A Message Box Letting User Know The Program Is Closing.MessageBox(NULL,"Program Will Now Close.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONSTOP);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}}}if (fullscreen)// Are We Still In Fullscreen Mode?{dwExStyle=WS_EX_APPWINDOW;// Window Extended StyledwStyle=WS_POPUP;// Windows StyleShowCursor(FALSE);// Hide Mouse Pointer}else{dwExStyle=WS_EX_APPWINDOW | WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE;// Window Extended StyledwStyle=WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;// Windows Style}AdjustWindowRectEx(&WindowRect, dwStyle, FALSE, dwExStyle);// Adjust Window To True Requested Size// Create The Windowif (!(hWnd=CreateWindowEx(dwExStyle,// Extended Style For The Window"OpenGL",// Class Nametitle,// Window TitledwStyle |// Defined Window StyleWS_CLIPSIBLINGS |// Required Window StyleWS_CLIPCHILDREN,// Required Window Style0, 0,// Window PositionWindowRect.right-WindowRect.left,// Calculate Window WidthWindowRect.bottom-WindowRect.top,// Calculate Window HeightNULL,// No Parent WindowNULL,// No MenuhInstance,// InstanceNULL)))// Dont Pass Anything To WM_CREATE{KillGLWindow();// Reset The DisplayMessageBox(NULL,"Window Creation Error.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}staticPIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd=// pfd Tells Windows How We Want Things To Be{sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR),// Size Of This Pixel Format Descriptor1,// Version NumberPFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW |// Format Must Support WindowPFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL |// Format Must Support OpenGLPFD_DOUBLEBUFFER,// Must Support Double BufferingPFD_TYPE_RGBA,// Request An RGBA Formatbits,// Select Our Color Depth0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,// Color Bits Ignored0,// No Alpha Buffer0,// Shift Bit Ignored0,// No Accumulation Buffer0, 0, 0, 0,// Accumulation Bits Ignored16,// 16Bit Z-Buffer (Depth Buffer) 0,// No Stencil Buffer0,// No Auxiliary BufferPFD_MAIN_PLANE,// Main Drawing Layer0,// Reserved0, 0, 0// Layer Masks Ignored};if (!(hDC=GetDC(hWnd)))// Did We Get A Device Context?{KillGLWindow();// Reset The DisplayMessageBox(NULL,"Can't Create A GL Device Context.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}if (!(PixelFormat=ChoosePixelFormat(hDC,&pfd)))// Did Windows Find A Matching Pixel Format?{KillGLWindow();// Reset The DisplayMessageBox(NULL,"Can't Find A Suitable PixelFormat.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}if(!SetPixelFormat(hDC,PixelFormat,&pfd))// Are We Able To Set The Pixel Format?{KillGLWindow();// Reset The DisplayMessageBox(NULL,"Can't Set The PixelFormat.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}if (!(hRC=wglCreateContext(hDC)))// Are We Able To Get A Rendering Context?{KillGLWindow();// Reset The DisplayMessageBox(NULL,"Can't Create A GL Rendering Context.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}if(!wglMakeCurrent(hDC,hRC))// Try To Activate The Rendering Context{KillGLWindow();// Reset The DisplayMessageBox(NULL,"Can't Activate The GL Rendering Context.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);// Show The WindowSetForegroundWindow(hWnd);// Slightly Higher PrioritySetFocus(hWnd);// Sets Keyboard Focus To The WindowReSizeGLScene(width, height);// Set Up Our Perspective GL Screenif (!InitGL())// Initialize Our Newly Created GL Window{KillGLWindow();// Reset The DisplayMessageBox(NULL,"Initialization Failed.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}return TRUE;// Success}LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWNDhWnd,// Handle For This WindowUINTuMsg,// Message For This WindowWPARAMwParam,// Additional Message InformationLPARAMlParam)// Additional Message Information{switch (uMsg)// Check For Windows Messages{case WM_ACTIVATE:// Watch For Window Activate Message{if (!HIWORD(wParam))// Check Minimization State{active=TRUE;// Program Is Active}else{active=FALSE;// Program Is No Longer Active}return 0;// Return To The Message Loop}case WM_SYSCOMMAND:// Intercept System Commands{switch (wParam)// Check System Calls{case SC_SCREENSAVE:// Screensaver Trying To Start?case SC_MONITORPOWER:// Monitor Trying To Enter Powersave?return 0;// Prevent From Happening}break;// Exit}case WM_CLOSE:// Did We Receive A Close Message?{PostQuitMessage(0);// Send A Quit Messagereturn 0;// Jump Back}case WM_KEYDOWN:// Is A Key Being Held Down?{keys[wParam] = TRUE;// If So, Mark It As TRUEreturn 0;// Jump Back}case WM_KEYUP:// Has A Key Been Released?{keys[wParam] = FALSE;// If So, Mark It As FALSEreturn 0;// Jump Back}case WM_SIZE:// Resize The OpenGL Window{ReSizeGLScene(LOWORD(lParam),HIWORD(lParam)); // LoWord=Width, HiWord=Heightreturn 0;// Jump Back}}// Pass All Unhandled Messages To DefWindowProcreturn DefWindowProc(hWnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam);}int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCEhInstance,// InstanceHINSTANCEhPrevInstance,// Previous InstanceLPSTRlpCmdLine,// Command Line ParametersintnCmdShow)// Window Show State{MSGmsg;// Windows Message StructureBOOLdone=FALSE;// Bool Variable To Exit Loop// Ask The User Which Screen Mode They Preferif (MessageBox(NULL,"Would You Like To Run In Fullscreen Mode?", "Start FullScreen?",MB_YESNO|MB_ICONQUESTION)==IDNO){fullscreen=FALSE;// Windowed Mode}// Create Our OpenGL Windowif (!CreateGLWindow("NeHe's Texture Mapping Tutorial",640,480,16,fullscreen)){return 0;// Quit If Window Was Not Created}while(!done)// Loop That Runs While done=FALSE{if (PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))// Is There A Message Waiting?{if (msg.message==WM_QUIT)// Have We Received A Quit Message?{done=TRUE;// If So done=TRUE}else// If Not, Deal With Window Messages{TranslateMessage(&msg);// Translate The MessageDispatchMessage(&msg);// Dispatch The Message}}else// If There Are No Messages{// Draw The Scene. Watch For ESC Key And Quit Messages From DrawGLScene()if ((active && !DrawGLScene()) || keys[VK_ESCAPE])// Active? Was There A Quit Received?{done=TRUE;// ESC or DrawGLScene Signalled A Quit}else// Not Time To Quit, Update Screen{SwapBuffers(hDC);// Swap Buffers (Double Buffering)}if (keys[VK_F1])// Is F1 Being Pressed?{keys[VK_F1]=FALSE;// If So Make Key FALSEKillGLWindow();// Kill Our Current Windowfullscreen=!fullscreen;// Toggle Fullscreen / Windowed Mode// Recreate Our OpenGL Windowif (!CreateGLWindow("NeHe's Texture Mapping Tutorial",640,480,16,fullscreen)){return 0;// Quit If Window Was Not Created}}}}// ShutdownKillGLWindow();// Kill The Windowreturn (msg.wParam);// Exit The Program}

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.1光照的实现

首先，创建光源的参数

GLfloat LightAmbient[]= { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };  //环境光参数
GLfloat LightDiffuse[]= { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };//漫反射光参数
GLfloat LightPosition[]= { 0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f, 1.0f };     //光源位置
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_AMBIENT, LightAmbient);//设置环境光
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_DIFFUSE, LightDiffuse);                //设置漫射光
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_POSITION,LightPosition);                //设置光源位置
glEnable(GL_LIGHT1);                                    //启用一号光源
然后通过glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);或者glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);来禁用或者启用光源
实例代码如下
#include <windows.h>// Header File For Windows#include <stdio.h>// Header File For Standard Input/Output#include <gl/gl.h>// Header File For The OpenGL32 Library#include <gl/glu.h>// Header File For The GLu32 Library#include <gl/glaux.h>// Header File For The Glaux LibraryHDChDC=NULL;// Private GDI Device ContextHGLRChRC=NULL;// Permanent Rendering ContextHWNDhWnd=NULL;// Holds Our Window HandleHINSTANCEhInstance;// Holds The Instance Of The Applicationboolkeys[256];// Array Used For The Keyboard Routineboolactive=TRUE;// Window Active Flag Set To TRUE By Defaultboolfullscreen=TRUE;// Fullscreen Flag Set To Fullscreen Mode By Defaultboollight;// Lighting ON/OFF ( NEW )boollp;// L Pressed? ( NEW )boolfp;// F Pressed? ( NEW )GLfloatxrot;// X RotationGLfloatyrot;// Y RotationGLfloat xspeed;// X Rotation SpeedGLfloat yspeed;// Y Rotation SpeedGLfloatz=-5.0f;// Depth Into The ScreenGLfloat LightAmbient[]={ 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };GLfloat LightDiffuse[]={ 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };GLfloat LightPosition[]={ 0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f, 1.0f };GLuintfilter;// Which Filter To UseGLuinttexture[3];// Storage For 3 TexturesLRESULTCALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);// Declaration For WndProcAUX_RGBImageRec *LoadBMP(char *Filename)// Loads A Bitmap Image{FILE *File=NULL;// File Handleif (!Filename)// Make Sure A Filename Was Given{return NULL;// If Not Return NULL}File=fopen(Filename,"r");// Check To See If The File Existsif (File)// Does The File Exist?{fclose(File);// Close The Handlereturn auxDIBImageLoad(Filename);// Load The Bitmap And Return A Pointer}return NULL;// If Load Failed Return NULL}int LoadGLTextures()// Load Bitmaps And Convert To Textures{int Status=FALSE;// Status IndicatorAUX_RGBImageRec *TextureImage[1];// Create Storage Space For The Texturememset(TextureImage,0,sizeof(void *)*1);           // Set The Pointer To NULL// Load The Bitmap, Check For Errors, If Bitmap's Not Found Quitif (TextureImage[0]=LoadBMP("Data/Crate.bmp")){Status=TRUE;// Set The Status To TRUEglGenTextures(3, &texture[0]);// Create Three Textures// Create Nearest Filtered TextureglBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_NEAREST);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_NEAREST);glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);// Create Linear Filtered TextureglBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[1]);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);// Create MipMapped TextureglBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[2]);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);}if (TextureImage[0])// If Texture Exists{if (TextureImage[0]->data)// If Texture Image Exists{free(TextureImage[0]->data);// Free The Texture Image Memory}free(TextureImage[0]);// Free The Image Structure}return Status;// Return The Status}GLvoid ReSizeGLScene(GLsizei width, GLsizei height)// Resize And Initialize The GL Window{if (height==0)// Prevent A Divide By Zero By{height=1;// Making Height Equal One}glViewport(0,0,width,height);// Reset The Current ViewportglMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);// Select The Projection MatrixglLoadIdentity();// Reset The Projection Matrix// Calculate The Aspect Ratio Of The WindowgluPerspective(45.0f,(GLfloat)width/(GLfloat)height,0.1f,100.0f);glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);// Select The Modelview MatrixglLoadIdentity();// Reset The Modelview Matrix}int InitGL(GLvoid)// All Setup For OpenGL Goes Here{if (!LoadGLTextures())// Jump To Texture Loading Routine{return FALSE;// If Texture Didn't Load Return FALSE}glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);// Enable Texture MappingglShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);// Enable Smooth ShadingglClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f);// Black BackgroundglClearDepth(1.0f);// Depth Buffer SetupglEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);// Enables Depth TestingglDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);// The Type Of Depth Testing To DoglHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST);// Really Nice Perspective CalculationsglLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_AMBIENT, LightAmbient);// Setup The Ambient LightglLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_DIFFUSE, LightDiffuse);// Setup The Diffuse LightglLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_POSITION,LightPosition);// Position The LightglEnable(GL_LIGHT1);// Enable Light Onereturn TRUE;// Initialization Went OK}int DrawGLScene(GLvoid)// Here's Where We Do All The Drawing{glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);// Clear The Screen And The Depth BufferglLoadIdentity();// Reset The ViewglTranslatef(0.0f,0.0f,z);glRotatef(xrot,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);glRotatef(yrot,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[filter]);glBegin(GL_QUADS);// Front FaceglNormal3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f);// Back FaceglNormal3f( 0.0f, 0.0f,-1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);// Top FaceglNormal3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f);// Bottom FaceglNormal3f( 0.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f);// Right faceglNormal3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f);// Left FaceglNormal3f(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f);glEnd();xrot+=xspeed;yrot+=yspeed;return TRUE;// Keep Going}GLvoid KillGLWindow(GLvoid)// Properly Kill The Window{if (fullscreen)// Are We In Fullscreen Mode?{ChangeDisplaySettings(NULL,0);// If So Switch Back To The DesktopShowCursor(TRUE);// Show Mouse Pointer}if (hRC)// Do We Have A Rendering Context?{if (!wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL))// Are We Able To Release The DC And RC Contexts?{MessageBox(NULL,"Release Of DC And RC Failed.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);}if (!wglDeleteContext(hRC))// Are We Able To Delete The RC?{MessageBox(NULL,"Release Rendering Context Failed.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);}hRC=NULL;// Set RC To NULL}if (hDC && !ReleaseDC(hWnd,hDC))// Are We Able To Release The DC{MessageBox(NULL,"Release Device Context Failed.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);hDC=NULL;// Set DC To NULL}if (hWnd && !DestroyWindow(hWnd))// Are We Able To Destroy The Window?{MessageBox(NULL,"Could Not Release hWnd.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);hWnd=NULL;// Set hWnd To NULL}if (!UnregisterClass("OpenGL",hInstance))// Are We Able To Unregister Class{MessageBox(NULL,"Could Not Unregister Class.","SHUTDOWN ERROR",MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);hInstance=NULL;// Set hInstance To NULL}}/*This Code Creates Our OpenGL Window.  Parameters Are:* *title- Title To Appear At The Top Of The Window* *width- Width Of The GL Window Or Fullscreen Mode* *height- Height Of The GL Window Or Fullscreen Mode* *bits- Number Of Bits To Use For Color (8/16/24/32)* *fullscreenflag- Use Fullscreen Mode (TRUE) Or Windowed Mode (FALSE)*/ BOOL CreateGLWindow(char* title, int width, int height, int bits, bool fullscreenflag){GLuintPixelFormat;// Holds The Results After Searching For A MatchWNDCLASSwc;// Windows Class StructureDWORDdwExStyle;// Window Extended StyleDWORDdwStyle;// Window StyleRECTWindowRect;// Grabs Rectangle Upper Left / Lower Right ValuesWindowRect.left=(long)0;// Set Left Value To 0WindowRect.right=(long)width;// Set Right Value To Requested WidthWindowRect.top=(long)0;// Set Top Value To 0WindowRect.bottom=(long)height;// Set Bottom Value To Requested Heightfullscreen=fullscreenflag;// Set The Global Fullscreen FlaghInstance= GetModuleHandle(NULL);// Grab An Instance For Our Windowwc.style= CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC;// Redraw On Size, And Own DC For Window.wc.lpfnWndProc= (WNDPROC) WndProc;// WndProc Handles Messageswc.cbClsExtra= 0;// No Extra Window Datawc.cbWndExtra= 0;// No Extra Window Datawc.hInstance= hInstance;// Set The Instancewc.hIcon= LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO);// Load The Default Iconwc.hCursor= LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);// Load The Arrow Pointerwc.hbrBackground= NULL;// No Background Required For GLwc.lpszMenuName= NULL;// We Don't Want A Menuwc.lpszClassName= "OpenGL";// Set The Class Nameif (!RegisterClass(&wc))// Attempt To Register The Window Class{MessageBox(NULL,"Failed To Register The Window Class.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}if (fullscreen)// Attempt Fullscreen Mode?{DEVMODE dmScreenSettings;// Device Modememset(&dmScreenSettings,0,sizeof(dmScreenSettings));// Makes Sure Memory's CleareddmScreenSettings.dmSize=sizeof(dmScreenSettings);// Size Of The Devmode StructuredmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth= width;// Selected Screen WidthdmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight= height;// Selected Screen HeightdmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel= bits;// Selected Bits Per PixeldmScreenSettings.dmFields=DM_BITSPERPEL|DM_PELSWIDTH|DM_PELSHEIGHT;// Try To Set Selected Mode And Get Results.  NOTE: CDS_FULLSCREEN Gets Rid Of Start Bar.if (ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings,CDS_FULLSCREEN)!=DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL){// If The Mode Fails, Offer Two Options.  Quit Or Use Windowed Mode.if (MessageBox(NULL,"The Requested Fullscreen Mode Is Not Supported By/nYour Video Card. Use Windowed Mode Instead?","NeHe GL",MB_YESNO|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION)==IDYES){fullscreen=FALSE;// Windowed Mode Selected.  Fullscreen = FALSE}else{// Pop Up A Message Box Letting User Know The Program Is Closing.MessageBox(NULL,"Program Will Now Close.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONSTOP);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}}}if (fullscreen)// Are We Still In Fullscreen Mode?{dwExStyle=WS_EX_APPWINDOW;// Window Extended StyledwStyle=WS_POPUP;// Windows StyleShowCursor(FALSE);// Hide Mouse Pointer}else{dwExStyle=WS_EX_APPWINDOW | WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE;// Window Extended StyledwStyle=WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;// Windows Style}AdjustWindowRectEx(&WindowRect, dwStyle, FALSE, dwExStyle);// Adjust Window To True Requested Size// Create The Windowif (!(hWnd=CreateWindowEx(dwExStyle,// Extended Style For The Window"OpenGL",// Class Nametitle,// Window TitledwStyle |// Defined Window StyleWS_CLIPSIBLINGS |// Required Window StyleWS_CLIPCHILDREN,// Required Window Style0, 0,// Window PositionWindowRect.right-WindowRect.left,// Calculate Window WidthWindowRect.bottom-WindowRect.top,// Calculate Window HeightNULL,// No Parent WindowNULL,// No MenuhInstance,// InstanceNULL)))// Dont Pass Anything To WM_CREATE{KillGLWindow();// Reset The DisplayMessageBox(NULL,"Window Creation Error.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}staticPIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd=// pfd Tells Windows How We Want Things To Be{sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR),// Size Of This Pixel Format Descriptor1,// Version NumberPFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW |// Format Must Support WindowPFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL |// Format Must Support OpenGLPFD_DOUBLEBUFFER,// Must Support Double BufferingPFD_TYPE_RGBA,// Request An RGBA Formatbits,// Select Our Color Depth0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,// Color Bits Ignored0,// No Alpha Buffer0,// Shift Bit Ignored0,// No Accumulation Buffer0, 0, 0, 0,// Accumulation Bits Ignored16,// 16Bit Z-Buffer (Depth Buffer)  0,// No Stencil Buffer0,// No Auxiliary BufferPFD_MAIN_PLANE,// Main Drawing Layer0,// Reserved0, 0, 0// Layer Masks Ignored};if (!(hDC=GetDC(hWnd)))// Did We Get A Device Context?{KillGLWindow();// Reset The DisplayMessageBox(NULL,"Can't Create A GL Device Context.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}if (!(PixelFormat=ChoosePixelFormat(hDC,&pfd)))// Did Windows Find A Matching Pixel Format?{KillGLWindow();// Reset The DisplayMessageBox(NULL,"Can't Find A Suitable PixelFormat.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}if(!SetPixelFormat(hDC,PixelFormat,&pfd))// Are We Able To Set The Pixel Format?{KillGLWindow();// Reset The DisplayMessageBox(NULL,"Can't Set The PixelFormat.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}if (!(hRC=wglCreateContext(hDC)))// Are We Able To Get A Rendering Context?{KillGLWindow();// Reset The DisplayMessageBox(NULL,"Can't Create A GL Rendering Context.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}if(!wglMakeCurrent(hDC,hRC))// Try To Activate The Rendering Context{KillGLWindow();// Reset The DisplayMessageBox(NULL,"Can't Activate The GL Rendering Context.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}ShowWindow(hWnd,SW_SHOW);// Show The WindowSetForegroundWindow(hWnd);// Slightly Higher PrioritySetFocus(hWnd);// Sets Keyboard Focus To The WindowReSizeGLScene(width, height);// Set Up Our Perspective GL Screenif (!InitGL())// Initialize Our Newly Created GL Window{KillGLWindow();// Reset The DisplayMessageBox(NULL,"Initialization Failed.","ERROR",MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);return FALSE;// Return FALSE}return TRUE;// Success}LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWNDhWnd,// Handle For This WindowUINTuMsg,// Message For This WindowWPARAMwParam,// Additional Message InformationLPARAMlParam)// Additional Message Information{switch (uMsg)// Check For Windows Messages{case WM_ACTIVATE:// Watch For Window Activate Message{if (!HIWORD(wParam))// Check Minimization State{active=TRUE;// Program Is Active}else{active=FALSE;// Program Is No Longer Active}return 0;// Return To The Message Loop}case WM_SYSCOMMAND:// Intercept System Commands{switch (wParam)// Check System Calls{case SC_SCREENSAVE:// Screensaver Trying To Start?case SC_MONITORPOWER:// Monitor Trying To Enter Powersave?return 0;// Prevent From Happening}break;// Exit}case WM_CLOSE:// Did We Receive A Close Message?{PostQuitMessage(0);// Send A Quit Messagereturn 0;// Jump Back}case WM_KEYDOWN:// Is A Key Being Held Down?{keys[wParam] = TRUE;// If So, Mark It As TRUEreturn 0;// Jump Back}case WM_KEYUP:// Has A Key Been Released?{keys[wParam] = FALSE;// If So, Mark It As FALSEreturn 0;// Jump Back}case WM_SIZE:// Resize The OpenGL Window{ReSizeGLScene(LOWORD(lParam),HIWORD(lParam));  // LoWord=Width, HiWord=Heightreturn 0;// Jump Back}}// Pass All Unhandled Messages To DefWindowProcreturn DefWindowProc(hWnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam);}int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCEhInstance,// InstanceHINSTANCEhPrevInstance,// Previous InstanceLPSTRlpCmdLine,// Command Line ParametersintnCmdShow)// Window Show State{MSGmsg;// Windows Message StructureBOOLdone=FALSE;// Bool Variable To Exit Loop// Ask The User Which Screen Mode They Preferif (MessageBox(NULL,"Would You Like To Run In Fullscreen Mode?", "Start FullScreen?",MB_YESNO|MB_ICONQUESTION)==IDNO){fullscreen=FALSE;// Windowed Mode}// Create Our OpenGL Windowif (!CreateGLWindow("NeHe's Textures, Lighting & Keyboard Tutorial",640,480,16,fullscreen)){return 0;// Quit If Window Was Not Created}while(!done)// Loop That Runs While done=FALSE{if (PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))// Is There A Message Waiting?{if (msg.message==WM_QUIT)// Have We Received A Quit Message?{done=TRUE;// If So done=TRUE}else// If Not, Deal With Window Messages{TranslateMessage(&msg);// Translate The MessageDispatchMessage(&msg);// Dispatch The Message}}else// If There Are No Messages{// Draw The Scene.  Watch For ESC Key And Quit Messages From DrawGLScene()if ((active && !DrawGLScene()) || keys[VK_ESCAPE])// Active?  Was There A Quit Received?{done=TRUE;// ESC or DrawGLScene Signalled A Quit}else// Not Time To Quit, Update Screen{SwapBuffers(hDC);// Swap Buffers (Double Buffering)if (keys['L'] && !lp){lp=TRUE;light=!light;if (!light){glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);}else{glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);}}if (!keys['L']){lp=FALSE;}if (keys['F'] && !fp){fp=TRUE;filter+=1;if (filter>2){filter=0;}}if (!keys['F']){fp=FALSE;}if (keys[VK_PRIOR]){z-=0.02f;}if (keys[VK_NEXT]){z+=0.02f;}if (keys[VK_UP]){xspeed-=0.01f;}if (keys[VK_DOWN]){xspeed+=0.01f;}if (keys[VK_RIGHT]){yspeed+=0.01f;}if (keys[VK_LEFT]){yspeed-=0.01f;}if (keys[VK_F1])// Is F1 Being Pressed?{keys[VK_F1]=FALSE;// If So Make Key FALSEKillGLWindow();// Kill Our Current Windowfullscreen=!fullscreen;// Toggle Fullscreen / Windowed Mode// Recreate Our OpenGL Windowif (!CreateGLWindow("NeHe's Textures, Lighting & Keyboard Tutorial",640,480,16,fullscreen)){return 0;// Quit If Window Was Not Created}}}}}// ShutdownKillGLWindow();// Kill The Windowreturn (msg.wParam);// Exit The Program}