第十一章 对话框part2

更复杂的对话框

ABOUT2.CPP

#include <windows.h> #include "resource.h" LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; BOOL CALLBACK AboutDlgProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);int iCurrentColor = IDC_BLACK; int iCurrentFigure = IDC_RECT; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,PSTR szCmdLine, INT iCmdShow) { static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("About2") ; MSG msg; HWND hwnd; WNDCLASS wndclass; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, szAppName) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); wndclass.lpszMenuName = szAppName ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu(hInstance,MAKEINTRESOURCE(ABOUT2));hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, TEXT ("About Box Demo Program"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, hMenu, hInstance, NULL);ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hwnd);while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } return msg.wParam; }void PaintWindow(HWND hwnd, int iColor, int iFigure) { static COLORREF crColor[8] = { RGB(0,0,0), RGB(0,0,255), RGB(0,255,0), RGB(0,255,255), RGB(255,0,0), RGB (255,0,255), RGB(255,255,0), RGB(255,255,255)} ; HBRUSH hBrush; HDC hdc; RECT rect;//PaintWindow函数取得一个设备内容句柄//并将其放到hCtrl中hdc = GetDC(hwnd);//子窗口控件的大小从GetClientRect获得//GetClientRect取得以图素为单位的尺寸GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);//用函数MapDialogRect将对话框中的字符坐标转换为显示区域中的图素坐标hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(crColor[iColor - IDC_BLACK]); //该函数选择一对象到指定的设备上下文环境中，//该新对象替换先前的相同类型的对象hBrush = (HBRUSH)SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);//画出所选图形，根据所选//颜色用一个着色画刷填入图形if (iFigure == IDC_RECT) Rectangle(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom); else Ellipse(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom);//DeleteObject该函数删除一个逻辑笔、画笔、字体、位图、//区域或者调色板，释放所有与该对象有关的系统资源，//在对象被删除之后，指定的句柄也就失效了。DeleteObject(SelectObject(hdc, hBrush)); ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);} //这个函数使得子窗口控件无效//并为控件窗口消息处理程序产生一个WM_PAINT消息void PaintTheBlock(HWND hCtrl, int iColor, int iFigure) { //该函数向指定的窗体添加一个矩形//然后窗口客户区域的这一部分将被重新绘制。//第三个参数：TRUE时需要重画。InvalidateRect(hCtrl, NULL, TRUE); //UpdateWindow函数通过发送一个WM_PAINT消息//来更新指定窗口的客户区。UpdateWindow(hCtrl); PaintWindow(hCtrl, iColor, iFigure); }LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam) { static HINSTANCE hInstance; PAINTSTRUCT ps; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: hInstance =((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance; return 0;case WM_COMMAND: switch(LOWORD(wParam)) { case IDM_APP_ABOUT://如果DialogBox传回TRUE（非0），则意味着按下了「OK」按钮//这时对话框的状态可以应用到主窗口中了if(DialogBox(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOG1), hwnd, AboutDlgProc))InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE); return 0; }break;case WM_PAINT: BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps); EndPaint(hwnd, &ps); PaintWindow(hwnd, iCurrentColor, iCurrentFigure); return 0;case WM_DESTROY://该函数向系统表明有个线程有终止请求//用来响应WM_DESTROY消息。PostQuitMessage(0); return 0; } return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam); } BOOL CALLBACK AboutDlgProc(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static HWND hCtrlBlock; static int iColor, iFigure; switch (message) { case WM_INITDIALOG: iColor = iCurrentColor; iFigure = iCurrentFigure;//该函数给一组单选按钮中的一个指定按钮加上选中标志//并且清除组中其他按钮的选中标志。CheckRadioButton(hDlg, IDC_BLACK, IDC_WHITE, iColor); CheckRadioButton(hDlg, IDC_RECT, IDC_ELLIPSE, iFigure);//可以用对话框句柄和控件ID来取得一个对话框控件的窗口句柄hCtrlBlock = GetDlgItem(hDlg, IDC_PAINT); SetFocus(GetDlgItem(hDlg, iColor));return FALSE ;case WM_COMMAND: //消息的wParam的低字组被设为控件的ID，//wParam的高字组是一个通知码，lParam值是控件的窗口句柄。switch (LOWORD(wParam)) { case IDOK://子窗口向其父窗口发送一个WM_COMMAND消息iCurrentColor = iColor; iCurrentFigure = iFigure;//第2个参数：指定从创建对话框函数返回到应用程序的值。EndDialog(hDlg, TRUE); return TRUE;case IDCANCEL: EndDialog(hDlg, FALSE); return TRUE; case IDC_BLACK: case IDC_RED: case IDC_GREEN: case IDC_YELLOW: case IDC_BLUE: case IDC_MAGENTA: case IDC_CYAN: case IDC_WHITE:iColor = LOWORD(wParam); CheckRadioButton(hDlg, IDC_BLACK, IDC_WHITE, iColor); PaintTheBlock(hCtrlBlock, iColor, iFigure); return TRUE; case IDC_RECT: case IDC_ELLIPSE: iFigure = LOWORD(wParam) ; CheckRadioButton(hDlg, IDC_RECT, IDC_ELLIPSE, LOWORD(wParam)); PaintTheBlock(hCtrlBlock, iColor, iFigure); return TRUE; } break;case WM_PAINT: PaintTheBlock(hCtrlBlock, iColor, iFigure); break; } return FALSE; }

资源文件

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Dialog//IDD_DIALOG1 DIALOG 32, 32, 200, 234STYLE DS_SETFONT | DS_MODALFRAME | WS_POPUP | WS_CAPTIONFONT 8, "MS Sans Serif"BEGIN ICON "ABOUT2",IDC_STATIC,7,7,20,20 CTEXT "About2",IDC_STATIC,57,12,86,8 CTEXT "About Box Demo Program",IDC_STATIC,7,40,186,8 LTEXT "",IDC_PAINT,114,67,74,72 GROUPBOX "&Color",IDC_STATIC,7,60,84,143 RADIOBUTTON "&Black",IDC_BLACK,16,76,64,8,WS_GROUP | WS_TABSTOP RADIOBUTTON "B&lue",IDC_BLUE,16,92,64,8 RADIOBUTTON "&Green",IDC_GREEN,16,108,64,8 RADIOBUTTON "Cya&n",IDC_CYAN,16,124,64,8 RADIOBUTTON "&Red",IDC_RED,16,140,64,8 RADIOBUTTON "&Magenta",IDC_MAGENTA,16,156,64,8 RADIOBUTTON "&Yellow",IDC_YELLOW,16,172,64,8 RADIOBUTTON "&White",IDC_WHITE,16,188,64,8 GROUPBOX "&Figure",IDC_STATIC,109,156,84,46,WS_GROUP RADIOBUTTON "Rec&tangle",IDC_RECT,116,172,65,8,WS_GROUP | WS_TABSTOP RADIOBUTTON "&Ellipse",IDC_ELLIPSE,116,188,64,8 DEFPUSHBUTTON "OK",IDOK,35,212,50,14,WS_GROUP PUSHBUTTON "Cancel",IDCANCEL,113,212,50,14,WS_GROUPEND

使用对话框控件

如上所示大多数子窗口控件发送WM_COMMAND消息给其父窗口（唯一例外的是滚动条控件）

如上RC文件中GROUPBOX控件是一个带标题（标题为「Color」或者「Figure」）的分组方块，每组单选按钮都由这样的分组方块包围。

选中和不选中按钮均需要向子窗口控件发送BM_CHECK消息。要设定一个按钮选中标记，您可以使用： SendMessage(hwndCtrl, BM_SETCHECK, 1, 0);

要消除选中标记，您可以使用： SendMessage (hwndCtrl, BM_SETCHECK, 0, 0);hwndCtrl参数是子窗口按钮控件的窗口句柄。

id = GetWindowLong (hwndCtrl, GWL_ID) ;   //可以用对话框句柄和控件ID来取得一个对话框控件的窗口句柄

轮流使用所有八种颜色的ID值:

iColor = LOWORD(wParam);for(i = IDC_BLACK, i <= IDC_WHITE, i++) SendMessage(GetDlgItem (hDlg, i), BM_SETCHECK, i == LOWORD (wParam), 0);return TRUE;

第一种简化的方法是使用专门的对话框程序： SendDlgItemMessage (hDlg, id, iMsg, wParam, lParam) ;

第二种方法：CheckRadioButton (hDlg, idFirst, idLast, idCheck);这个函数将ID在idFirst到idLast之间的所有单选按钮的选中标记都清除掉.所以这个在使用复选框时，变得十分有用

如果是建立了一个「CHECKBOX」对话框窗口控件，那么可以使用如下的函数来设定和清除选中标记： CheckDlgButton (hDlg, idCheckbox, iCheck);如果iCheck设定为1，那么按钮被选中；如果设定为0，那么按钮不被选中。Check = IsDlgButtonChecked (hDlg, idCheckbox) ; //取得对话框中某个复选框的状态。

 

Tab停留和分组

Windows完成了将输入焦点从一个控件移动到另一个控件的所有工作。尽管如此，您必须在对话框模板中使用WS_TABSTOP和WS_GROUP窗口样式达到此目的。对于所有想要使用Tab键存取的控件，都要在其窗口样式中指定WS_TABSTOP。包含WS_TABSTOP样式的控件（特别是静态控件）不应该取得输入焦点，文字字段中的「＆」将导致紧跟其后的字母以底线显示。

indows提供了两个函数，以便程序写作者找寻下一个或者前一个Tab键停留项或者组项

hwndCtrl = GetNextDlgTabItem (hDlg, hwndCtrl, bPrevious) ;

wndCtrl = GetNextDlgGroupItem (hDlg, hwndCtrl, bPrevious) ;  

 

在对话框上画图

LTEXT "",IDC_PAINT,114,67,74,72//使用位置和大小为我们想要画图的区域定义了一块空白文字控件

将其它函数用于对话框

EnableWindow(hwndCtrl, bEnable);

当bEnable为TRUE（非0）时，它启用控件；当bEnable为FALSE（0）时，它禁用控件。在控件被禁用时，它不再接收键盘或者鼠标输入。

定义自己的控件

#include <windows.h> #include "resource.h"LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); BOOL CALLBACK AboutDlgProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); LRESULT CALLBACK EllipPushWndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("About3") ; MSG msg; HWND hwnd; WNDCLASS wndclass; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, szAppName); wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);wndclass.lpszMenuName = szAppName; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName; if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass)) { MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR); return 0; }//注册的窗口类别叫做「EllipPush」（椭圆形按键）wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = EllipPushWndProc; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance; wndclass.hIcon = NULL; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_BTNFACE + 1); wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL; wndclass.lpszClassName = TEXT("EllipPush"); RegisterClass(&wndclass);HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MENU1));hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, TEXT("About Box Demo Program"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, hMenu, hInstance, NULL);ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hwnd); while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); }return msg.wParam; }LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static HINSTANCE hInstance; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: hInstance = ((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance; return 0; case WM_COMMAND: switch(LOWORD(wParam)) { case IDM_APP_ABOUT: DialogBox(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_DIALOG1), hwnd, AboutDlgProc); return 0; } break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); return 0;} return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam); }BOOL CALLBACK AboutDlgProc(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (message) { case WM_INITDIALOG: return TRUE; case WM_COMMAND: switch(LOWORD(wParam)) { case IDOK: EndDialog(hDlg, 0); return TRUE; } break; } return FALSE;}LRESULT CALLBACK EllipPushWndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message,WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { TCHAR szText[40]; HBRUSH hBrush; HDC hdc; PAINTSTRUCT ps; RECT rect; switch (message){ case WM_PAINT://从GetClientRect中取得窗口的大小GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);//从GetWindowText中取得显示在按键上的文字GetWindowText(hwnd, szText, sizeof(szText)); hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps) ; hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(GetSysColor(COLOR_WINDOW)); hBrush = (HBRUSH)SelectObject(hdc, hBrush); SetBkColor(hdc, GetSysColor(COLOR_WINDOW)); SetTextColor(hdc, GetSysColor(COLOR_WINDOWTEXT)); //用Windows函数Ellipse和DrawText来输出椭圆和文字Ellipse(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom); DrawText(hdc, szText, -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER); DeleteObject(SelectObject(hdc, hBrush)); EndPaint(hwnd, &ps); return 0; case WM_KEYUP: if (wParam != VK_SPACE) break ;// fall through case WM_LBUTTONUP://GetParent来取得其父窗口（即对话框）的句柄//并发送一个WM_COMMAND消息，消息的wParam等于控件的ID//这个ID是用GetWindowLong取得的。//GWL_ID= (-12) 对话框中一个子窗口的标识符 SendMessage(GetParent(hwnd), WM_COMMAND, GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_ID), (LPARAM)hwnd); return 0; } return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam); }

EllipPushWndProc只是一个空架子。例如，按钮不会像普通的按键那样闪烁。要翻转按键内的颜色，窗口消息处理程序必须处理WM_KEYDOWN（来自空格键）和WM_LBUTTONDOWN消息。EllipPushWndProc也不处理WM_ENABLE消息。如上所述，对话框程序可以使用EnableWindow函数来禁用某窗口。