SSH Server
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远程监控方案 SSH HADOOP 集群模式也要用到
安装 ssh server 在Windows 中使用 putty 访问 ubuntu server
启用 root 帐户
sudo passwd root
输入当前用户密码
输入 root 用户密码 ,重复输入一次。
切换 root 用户
su root
apt-get install openssh-server
使用 ifconfig
查看 ip 地址 ,使用 putty ,ssh 方式远程登录服务器操作。
四台服务器相互不用密码登录的设置。
ServerU1 192.168.1.110
ServerU2 192.168.1.111
ServerU3 192.168.1.112
ServerU4 192.168.1.113
使用命令
ssh localhost
输入密码: 登录成功
exit 退出。
注意防火墙和22端口。
不使用密码,使4台机器可以相互登录。
root@ServerU2:~# ssh localhost
The authenticity of host 'localhost (::1)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 4f:0b:29:5e:ac:f0:a7:21:02:ff:59:52:24:71:80:01.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@localhost's password:
步骤:
1、生成密钥对
root@ServerU1:~# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
一路回车即可,
root@ServerU1:~# cd /root
root@ServerU1:~# ls
root@ServerU1:~# ls -la
总计 36
drwx------ 6 root root 4096 2010-06-30 09:36 .
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4096 2010-06-29 22:31 ..
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 2010-06-29 22:42 .aptitude
-rw------- 1 root root 81 2010-06-30 09:37 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3106 2010-04-23 17:45 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-06-29 23:05 .cache
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2010-06-29 22:42 .debtags
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 140 2010-04-23 17:45 .profile
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 2010-06-30 09:41 .ssh
root@ServerU1:~#
注意隐藏目录 .ssh
root@ServerU1:~# cd .ssh
root@ServerU1:~/.ssh# ls
id_rsa ----私钥 id_rsa.pub ------ 公钥 known_hosts
root@ServerU1:~/.ssh#
复制公钥到服务器,
命令:
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.1.110
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.110 (192.168.1.110)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 39:c1:4e:98:60:69:b2:a8:38:c5:8e:93:3e:1b:f9:15.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.110' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.1.110's password:
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'root@192.168.1.110'", and check in:
.ssh/authorized_keys
to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.
服务器为自动生成 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
root@ServerU1:~/.ssh# ls
authorized_keys ---公钥文件 id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts
root@ServerU1:~/.ssh#
命令:
cat authorized_keys
文件内容如下:
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAxodEx2c0xrpt078sf3GA
YvmzoVIH9yxsGYQ1wqJBm5cZu02463n/7OetQ7G4G9FJYX4/xTul3m
gj9SR95iRBAO4o7Npftfth5JrLtWvPVLE8Lz2v5wzYxonLyAkosDgf8K91
Z79A3zB6ZqVtuzdIUSH8yTuzmdWYRVs+NrPyr1NZgr81hUuYw6hY1lcE
i0IZsPwaSy2nhGduznLx4GJ+kdzpKducpyuQRWeN1qxxl7IE70Ug8u8pq
AM1cNGuD2mcdUEQvAS2gia5YSx6M6UhGV1jcyvWnkGJJH124Zvep403kKU1
rBO5PGw8c0aPxbLGzBbdfeb10tAc24xNUhsFGQ== root@ServerU1 (可以看到是 SwerverU1)
再次使用 ssh localhost 不需要使用密码就可以进入,
按照这个方法。
分别在 ServerU2、ServerU3 、ServerU4、上生成密钥对,并复制公钥至 ServerU1, 这样 在 ServerU1上访问别外3台机器,就不需要密码了。
然后再把 ServerU1 上的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 复制到 另外3台机器中的 ~/.ssh/ 文件夹中,即可实现,互访且不需要密码。
在 ServerU2 中执行:
root@ServerU2:~# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): //生成密钥对
root@ServerU2:~# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.1.110 //复制文件到 ServerU1
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.110 (192.168.1.110)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 39:c1:4e:98:60:69:b2:a8:38:c5:8e:93:3e:1b:f9:15.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.110' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.1.110's password:
root@ServerU1:~/.ssh# cat authorized_keys
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAxodEx2c0x
rpt078sf3GAYvmzoVIH9yxsGYQ1wqJBm5cZu02463n/7
OetQ7G4G9FJYX4/xTul3mgj9SR95iRBAO4o7Npftfth5JrLtWvP
VLE8Lz2v5wzYxonLyAkosDgf8K91Z79A3zB6ZqVtuzdIUSH8yT
uzmdWYRVs+NrPyr1NZgr81hUuYw6hY1lcEi0IZsPwaSy2nhGdu
znLx4GJ+kdzpKducpyuQRWeN1qxxl7IE70Ug8u8pqAM1cNGuD2
mcdUEQvAS2gia5YSx6M6UhGV1jcyvWnkGJJH124Zvep403kKU1
rBO5PGw8c0aPxbLGzBbdfeb10tAc24xNUhsFGQ== root@ServerU1
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAulzOY7UoSoKew6darRsY0z3IK
gsmH13PIfWGflTYOli46DvFEtZtODz5mCUoWi1z7RA/4iq9PoZnL45ou
msEENq1DZsLBKDjw7WtDzkWbpF0TfkyQGw9a9SQ99DK5PA7Idaa5yrIflD
cKrw6z9I9EcMfD/GMRt9Wrkb2zE8VJuNtfuJhvOCAE8hEbv3znrJdRsmRL5BZxZZ
Bk3AFJ4QqJdAmvg57xm3Vn9VuM7/EpV+h4u/CeAnYZeGmCRPKv8eL9oAwk6l9jAt
NyrtZzSoigd/eQNLSCHHXOFTqgE5fXcQgCtJtuiaVNn9SP0HWKQjVGsW03C5ObvvBiZT5k6vw6Q== root@ServerU2
//文件中多出了 ServerU2 的信息。
root@ServerU1:~/.ssh#
同上,添加 ServerU3/ServerU4信息到 ServerU1中。
cat authorized_keys //可以看到文件每段的结束处都有
root@ServerU1
root@ServerU2
root@ServerU3
root@ServerU4
注意:这时是 。 U2、U3、U4 可以无密码访问U1,
使用 SSH的远程复制命令;
scp authorized_keys root@192.168.1.111:/root/.ssh //复制文件到相应目录。
root@192.168.1.111's password:
authorized_keys 100% 1975 1.9KB/s 00:00
root@ServerU1:~/.ssh#
root@ServerU2:~/.ssh# ls
authorized_keys id_rsa id_rsa.pub known_hosts
root@ServerU2:~/.ssh#
同理完成 U3、U4
这样就实现了 4台机器无密码互访。
若要使用 主机名互机 修改:
vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.1.110 ServerU1
#加入主机名解析列表
192.168.1.111 ServerU2
192.168.1.112 ServerU3
192.168.1.113 ServerU4
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
~
修改完成后保存
在 U1 中可以
ping ServerU1
ping ServerU2
ping ServerU3
ping ServerU4
都可以ping 通,
直接远程复制文件到各主机。
scp /etc/hosts root@192.168.1.111:/etc/hosts
scp /etc/hosts root@192.168.1.112:/etc/hosts
scp /etc/hosts root@192.168.1.113:/etc/hosts
这样以来,就可以使用 主机名登录了。
ssh serveru3
root@ServerU1:~/.ssh# ssh serveru3
The authenticity of host 'serveru3 (192.168.1.112)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is a1:c0:21:05:cf:f7:eb:4a:12:3b:94:11:62:31:55:aa.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
第一次联接时需要确认。之后就不用了。
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