CentOS编译新内核时遇到的问题-手拉鸡专卖网淘宝付款-程序博客网

转载自http://www.517sou.net/Article/340.aspx

适用于编译新内核后启动时发生同样的问题。

Cent OS 5.4(2.6.18-164.el5)升级到2.6.31出错

重启时崩溃，提示错误，键盘上的灯还不停的闪，旧内核可以启动。

Red Hat nash version 5.1.19.6 starting
insmod : error inserting '/lib/dm-region-hash.ko' : -1 File exists
   Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while...
   Volume gruop "VolGroup00" not found
mount: could not find filesystem '/dev/root'
setuproot: moving /dev failed: No such file or directory
setuproot: error mounting /proc: No such file or directory
setuproot: error mounting /sys: No such file or directory
setuproot: mount failed: No such file or directory
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!

insmod: error inserting '/lib/dm-region-hash.ko' : -1 File exists
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@ljj ljj]# cd /boot
[root@ljj boot]# cp initrd-2.6.31.img ~/ #查到说是BUG，拷贝initrd到另一处
[root@ljj ~]# mkdir initrd31
[root@ljj ~]# cd initrd31
[root@ljj initrd31]# ll
总计 0
[root@ljj initrd31]# zcat ../initrd-2.6.31.img | cpio -i  #解开这个包进行检查
10999 blocks
[root@ljj initrd31]# ll
总计 32
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 09-13 21:38 bin
drwx------ 3 root root 4096 09-13 21:38 dev
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 09-13 21:38 etc
-rwx------ 1 root root 2135 09-13 21:38 init
drwx------ 3 root root 4096 09-13 21:38 lib
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 09-13 21:38 proc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 09-13 21:38 sbin -> bin
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 09-13 21:38 sys
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 09-13 21:38 sysroot
[root@ljj initrd31]#vi init
   1 #!/bin/nash
      2
   3 mount -t proc /proc /proc
   4 setquiet
   5 echo Mounting proc filesystem
   6 echo Mounting sysfs filesystem
   7 mount -t sysfs /sys /sys
   8 echo Creating /dev
   9 mount -o mode=0755 -t tmpfs /dev /dev
   10 mkdir /dev/pts
   11 mount -t devpts -o gid=5,mode=620 /dev/pts /dev/pts
   12 mkdir /dev/shm
   13 mkdir /dev/mapper
   14 echo Creating initial device nodes
   15 mknod /dev/null c 1 3
   16 mknod /dev/zero c 1 5
   17 mknod /dev/systty c 4 0
   18 mknod /dev/tty c 5 0
   19 mknod /dev/console c 5 1
   20 mknod /dev/ptmx c 5 2
   21 mknod /dev/rtc c 10 135
   22 mknod /dev/tty0 c 4 0
   23 mknod /dev/tty1 c 4 1
   24 mknod /dev/tty2 c 4 2
   25 mknod /dev/tty3 c 4 3
   26 mknod /dev/tty4 c 4 4
   27 mknod /dev/tty5 c 4 5
   28 mknod /dev/tty6 c 4 6
   29 mknod /dev/tty7 c 4 7
   30 mknod /dev/tty8 c 4 8
   31 mknod /dev/tty9 c 4 9
   32 mknod /dev/tty10 c 4 10
   33 mknod /dev/tty11 c 4 11
   34 mknod /dev/tty12 c 4 12
   35 mknod /dev/ttyS0 c 4 64
   36 mknod /dev/ttyS1 c 4 65
   37 mknod /dev/ttyS2 c 4 66
   38 mknod /dev/ttyS3 c 4 67
   39 echo Setting up hotplug.
   40 hotplug
   41 echo Creating block device nodes.
   42 mkblkdevs
   43 echo "Loading ehci-hcd.ko module"
   44 insmod /lib/ehci-hcd.ko
   45 echo "Loading ohci-hcd.ko module"
   46 insmod /lib/ohci-hcd.ko
   47 echo "Loading uhci-hcd.ko module"
   48 insmod /lib/uhci-hcd.ko
   49 mount -t usbfs /proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb
   50 echo "Loading jbd.ko module"
   51 insmod /lib/jbd.ko
   52 echo "Loading ext3.ko module"
   53 insmod /lib/ext3.ko
   54 echo "Loading scsi_mod.ko module"
   55 insmod /lib/scsi_mod.ko
   56 echo "Loading sd_mod.ko module"
   57 insmod /lib/sd_mod.ko
   58 echo "Loading libata.ko module"
   59 insmod /lib/libata.ko
   60 echo "Loading ata_piix.ko module"
   61 insmod /lib/ata_piix.ko
   62 echo "Loading dm-mod.ko module"
   63 insmod /lib/dm-mod.ko
   64 echo "Loading dm-log.ko module"
   65 insmod /lib/dm-log.ko
   66 echo "Loading dm-region-hash.ko module"
   67 insmod /lib/dm-region-hash.ko
   68 echo "Loading dm-region-hash.ko module"
   69 insmod /lib/dm-region-hash.ko
   70 echo Waiting for driver initialization.
   71 stabilized --hash --interval 1000 /proc/scsi/scsi
   72 mkblkdevs
   73 echo Scanning and configuring dmraid supported devices
   74 resume /dev/hda4
   75 echo Creating root device.
   76 mkrootdev -t ext3 -o defaults,ro hda3
   77 echo Mounting root filesystem.
   78 mount /sysroot
   79 echo Setting up other filesystems.
   80 setuproot
   81 echo Switching to new root and running init.
   82 switchroot
将66、67和68、69这两对重复的删去一对，我是把66和67这两行dd掉了。其它还有什么错吗？不知道
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
重新打包Initrd，起个新名字叫initrd-2.6.31new，有5兆多
[root@ljj initrd31]# find . | cpio -c -o > ../initrd-2.6.31new
11000 blocks
[root@ljj initrd31]# cd ..
[root@ljj ~]# ll
总计 8048
-rw------- 1 root root 1660 08-27 00:30 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 08-27 14:32 Desktop
-rw------- 1 root root 2507281 09-13 21:35 initrd-2.6.31.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5632000 09-13 21:58 initrd-2.6.31new
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 09-13 21:56 initrd31
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39511 08-27 00:30 install.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5712 08-27 00:27 install.log.syslog
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    702 09-08 13:29 scsrun.log
-------------------------------------------------------------------
压缩这个镜像，变2兆多了
[root@ljj ~]# gzip -9 < initrd-2.6.31new > initrd-2.6.31new.img
[root@ljj ~]# ll
总计 10504
-rw------- 1 root root 1660 08-27 00:30 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 08-27 14:32 Desktop
-rw------- 1 root root 2507281 09-13 21:35 initrd-2.6.31.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5632000 09-13 21:58 initrd-2.6.31new
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2507271 09-13 22:02 initrd-2.6.31new.img
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 09-13 21:56 initrd31
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39511 08-27 00:30 install.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5712 08-27 00:27 install.log.syslog
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    702 09-08 13:29 scsrun.log
------------------------------------------------------------------
把名字改回去
[root@ljj ~]# rm initrd-2.6.31.img
rm：是否删除一般文件 “initrd-2.6.31.img”? y
[root@ljj ~]# rm initrd-2.6.31new
rm：是否删除一般文件 “initrd-2.6.31new”? y
[root@ljj ~]# mv initrd-2.6.31new.img initrd-2.6.31.img
[root@ljj ~]# ll
总计 2536
-rw------- 1 root root 1660 08-27 00:30 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 08-27 14:32 Desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2507271 09-13 22:02 initrd-2.6.31.img
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 09-13 21:56 initrd31
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39511 08-27 00:30 install.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5712 08-27 00:27 install.log.syslog
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    702 09-08 13:29 scsrun.log
-----------------------------------------------------------------
覆盖回去,再重启试试
[root@ljj ~]# mv initrd-2.6.31.img /boot
mv：是否覆盖“/boot/initrd-2.6.31.img”? y
[root@ljj ~]#reboot

重启后没有dm-region-hash.ko错误了（上面错误无关紧要，不影响系统启动），但还是起不来，提示
system bootup error: could not find filesystem /dev/root
也找不到/proc和/sys

在最近的2.6.33内核编译升级时，也出现“mount: could not find filesystem '/dev/root'”提示，最后找到问题所在，要设置.config文件：

具体位置，可以在make menuconfig时使用查找功能，查找CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2会有提示在什么配置节设置：

Symbol: SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 [=y]
   Prompt: enable deprecated sysfs features to support old userspace tools
   Defined at init/Kconfig:627

Depends on: SYSFS [=y]

     Location:
       -> General setup
     Selects: SYSFS_DEPRECATED [=y]

即

General setup

--> [*] enable deprecated sysfs features to support old userspace tools