数学公式的英语读法

1.Logic    
∃    there exist  
∀    for all  
p⇒q    p implies q / if p, then q  
p⇔q    p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent  
2.Sets    
x∈A    x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A  
x∉A    x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A  
A⊂B    A is contained in B / A is a subset of B  
A⊃B    A contains B / B is a subset of A  
A∩B    A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B  
A∪B    A cup B / A join B / A union B  
AB    A minus B / the diference between A and B  
A×B    A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B  
3. Real numbers    
x+1    x plus one  
x-1    x minus one  
x±1    x plus or minus one  
xy    xy / x multiplied by y  
   
(x - y)(x + y)    x minus y, x plus y  
   
x /y    x over y  
=    the equals sign  
x = 5    x equals 5 / x is equal to 5  
x≠5    x (is) not equal to 5  
x≡y    x is equivalent to (or identical with) y  
x ≡ y    x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y  
x > y    x is greater than y  
x≥y    x is greater than or equal to y  
x < y    x is less than y  
x≤y    x is less than or equal to y  
0 < x < 1    zero is less than x is less than 1  
0≤x≤1    zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1  
| x |    mod x / modulus x  
x 2    x squared / x (raised) to the power 2  
x 3    x cubed  
x 4    x to the fourth / x to the power four  
x n    x to the nth / x to the power n  
x −n    x to the (power) minus n  
x    (square) root x / the square root of x  
x 3    cube root (of) x  
x 4    fourth root (of) x  
x n    nth root (of) x  
( x+y ) 2    x plus y all squared  
( x /y ) 2    x over y all squared  
n!    n factorial  
x ^    x hat  
x ¯    x bar  
x ˜    x tilde  
x i    xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i  
∑ i=1 n a i    the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i  
4. Linear algebra    
‖ x ‖    the norm (or modulus) of x  
OA →    OA / vector OA  
OA ¯    OA / the length of the segment OA  
A T    A transpose / the transpose of A  
A −1    A inverse / the inverse of A  
5. Functions    
f( x )    fx / f of x / the function f of x  
f:S→T    a function f from S to T  
x→y    x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y  
f'( x )    f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to x  
f''( x )    f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to x  
f'''( x )    triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x  
f (4) ( x )    f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x  
∂f ∂ x 1    the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1  
∂ 2 f ∂ x 1 2    the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1  
∫ 0 ∞    the integral from zero to infinity  
lim⁡ x→0    the limit as x approaches zero  
lim⁡ x→ 0 +    the limit as x approaches zero from above  
lim⁡ x→ 0 −    the limit as x approaches zero from below  
log e y    log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y  
ln⁡y    log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y