netstat man page 下一个翻译的目标

翻译这个主要为了实现监控单个进程的网络流量的任务

 

 

NETSTAT(8)                                                      Linux Programmer's Manual                                                      NETSTAT(8)

 

 

 

NAME

       netstat - Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships

 

 

SYNOPSIS

       netstat  [address_family_options]  [--tcp|-t] [--udp|-u] [--raw|-w] [--listening|-l] [--all|-a] [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports]

       [--numeric-users] [--symbolic|-N] [--extend|-e[--extend|-e]] [--timers|-o] [--program|-p] [--verbose|-v] [--continuous|-c]

 

       netstat  {--route|-r}  [address_family_options]  [--extend|-e[--extend|-e]]  [--verbose|-v]  [--numeric|-n]  [--numeric-hosts]   [--numeric-ports]

       [--numeric-users] [--continuous|-c]

 

       netstat  {--interfaces|-i}  [--all|-a] [--extend|-e[--extend|-e]] [--verbose|-v] [--program|-p] [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports]

       [--numeric-users] [--continuous|-c]

 

       netstat {--groups|-g} [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports] [--numeric-users] [--continuous|-c]

 

       netstat {--masquerade|-M} [--extend|-e] [--numeric|-n] [--numeric-hosts] [--numeric-ports] [--numeric-users] [--continuous|-c]

 

       netstat {--statistics|-s} [--tcp|-t] [--udp|-u] [--raw|-w]

 

       netstat {--version|-V}

 

       netstat {--help|-h}

 

       address_family_options:

 

       [-4] [-6] [--protocol={inet,unix,ipx,ax25,netrom,ddp}[,...]]  [--unix|-x] [--inet|--ip] [--ax25] [--ipx] [--netrom] [--ddp]

 

 

DESCRIPTION

       Netstat prints information about the Linux networking subsystem.  The type of information printed is controlled by the first argument, as follows:

 

   (none)

       By default, netstat displays a list of open sockets.  If you don't specify any address families, then the active sockets of all configured address

       families will be printed.

 

   --route , -r

       Display the kernel routing tables. See the description in route(8) for details.  netstat -r and route -e produce the same output.

 

   --groups , -g

       Display multicast group membership information for IPv4 and IPv6.

 

   --interfaces, -i

       Display a table of all network interfaces.

 

   --masquerade , -M

       Display a list of masqueraded connections.

 

   --statistics , -s

       Display summary statistics for each protocol.

 

OPTIONS

   --verbose , -v

       Tell the user what is going on by being verbose. Especially print some useful information about unconfigured address families.

 

   --wide , -W

       Do not truncate IP addresses by using output as wide as needed. This is optional for now to not break existing scripts.

 

   --numeric , -n

       Show numerical addresses instead of trying to determine symbolic host, port or user names.

 

   --numeric-hosts

       shows numerical host addresses but does not affect the resolution of port or user names.

 

   --numeric-ports

       shows numerical port numbers but does not affect the resolution of host or user names.

 

   --numeric-users

       shows numerical user IDs but does not affect the resolution of host or port names.

 

 

   --protocol=family , -A

       Specifies  the  address families (perhaps better described as low level protocols) for which connections are to be shown.  family is a comma (',')

       separated list of address family keywords like inet, unix, ipx, ax25, netrom, and ddp.  This has the same effect as using the --inet, --unix (-x),

       --ipx, --ax25, --netrom, and --ddp options.

 

       The address family inet includes raw, udp and tcp protocol sockets.

 

   -c, --continuous

       This will cause netstat to print the selected information every second continuously.

 

   -e, --extend

       Display additional information.  Use this option twice for maximum detail.

 

   -o, --timers

       Include information related to networking timers.

 

   -p, --program

       Show the PID and name of the program to which each socket belongs.

 

   -l, --listening

       Show only listening sockets.  (These are omitted by default.)

 

   -a, --all

       Show both listening and non-listening sockets.  With the --interfaces option, show interfaces that are not up

 

   -F

       Print routing information from the FIB.  (This is the default.)

 

   -C

       Print routing information from the route cache.

 

OUTPUT

   Active Internet connections (TCP, UDP, raw)

   Proto

       The protocol (tcp, udp, raw) used by the socket.

 

   Recv-Q

       The count of bytes not copied by the user program connected to this socket.

 

   Send-Q

       The count of bytes not acknowledged by the remote host.

 

   Local Address

       Address  and  port  number  of  the local end of the socket.  Unless the --numeric (-n) option is specified, the socket address is resolved to its

       canonical host name (FQDN), and the port number is translated into the corresponding service name.

 

   Foreign Address

       Address and port number of the remote end of the socket.  Analogous to "Local Address."

 

   State

       The state of the socket. Since there are no states in raw mode and usually no states used in UDP, this column may be left blank. Normally this can

       be one of several values:

 

       ESTABLISHED

              The socket has an established connection.

 

       SYN_SENT

              The socket is actively attempting to establish a connection.

 

       SYN_RECV

              A connection request has been received from the network.

 

       FIN_WAIT1

              The socket is closed, and the connection is shutting down.

 

       FIN_WAIT2

              Connection is closed, and the socket is waiting for a shutdown from the remote end.

 

       TIME_WAIT

              The socket is waiting after close to handle packets still in the network.

 

       CLOSE  The socket is not being used.

 

       CLOSE_WAIT

              The remote end has shut down, waiting for the socket to close.

 

       LAST_ACK

              The remote end has shut down, and the socket is closed. Waiting for acknowledgement.

 

       LISTEN The  socket  is listening for incoming connections.  Such sockets are not included in the output unless you specify the --listening (-l) or

              --all (-a) option.

 

       CLOSING

              Both sockets are shut down but we still don't have all our data sent.

 

       UNKNOWN

              The state of the socket is unknown.

 

   User

       The username or the user id (UID) of the owner of the socket.

 

   PID/Program name

       Slash-separated pair of the process id (PID) and process name of the process that owns the socket.  --program causes this column to  be  included.

       You  will  also  need superuser privileges to see this information on sockets you don't own.  This identification information is not yet available

       for IPX sockets.

 

   Timer

       (this needs to be written)

 

   Active UNIX domain Sockets

   Proto

       The protocol (usually unix) used by the socket.

 

   RefCnt

       The reference count (i.e. attached processes via this socket).

 

   Flags

       The flags displayed is SO_ACCEPTON (displayed as ACC), SO_WAITDATA (W) or SO_NOSPACE (N).  SO_ACCECPTON is used on unconnected  sockets  if  their

       corresponding processes are waiting for a connect request. The other flags are not of normal interest.

 

   Type

       There are several types of socket access:

 

       SOCK_DGRAM

              The socket is used in Datagram (connectionless) mode.

 

       SOCK_STREAM

              This is a stream (connection) socket.

 

       SOCK_RAW

              The socket is used as a raw socket.

 

       SOCK_RDM

              This one serves reliably-delivered messages.

 

       SOCK_SEQPACKET

              This is a sequential packet socket.

 

       SOCK_PACKET

              Raw interface access socket.

 

       UNKNOWN

              Who ever knows what the future will bring us - just fill in here :-)

 

   State

       This field will contain one of the following Keywords:

 

       FREE   The socket is not allocated

 

       LISTENING

              The  socket  is  listening  for  a connection request.  Such sockets are only included in the output if you specify the --listening (-l) or

              --all (-a) option.

 

       CONNECTING

              The socket is about to establish a connection.

 

       CONNECTED

              The socket is connected.

 

       DISCONNECTING

              The socket is disconnecting.

 

       (empty)

              The socket is not connected to another one.

 

       UNKNOWN

              This state should never happen.

 

   PID/Program name

       Process ID (PID) and process name of the process that has the socket open.  More info available in Active  Internet  connections  section  written

       above.

 

   Path

       This is the path name as which the corresponding processes attached to the socket.

 

   Active IPX sockets

       (this needs to be done by somebody who knows it)

 

   Active NET/ROM sockets

       (this needs to be done by somebody who knows it)

 

   Active AX.25 sockets

       (this needs to be done by somebody who knows it)

 

NOTES

       Starting  with  Linux release 2.2 netstat -i does not show interface statistics for alias interfaces. To get per alias interface counters you need

       to setup explicit rules using the ipchains(8) command.

 

 

FILES

       /etc/services -- The services translation file

 

       /proc -- Mount point for the proc filesystem, which gives access to kernel status information via the following files.

 

       /proc/net/dev -- device information

 

       /proc/net/raw -- raw socket information

 

       /proc/net/tcp -- TCP socket information

 

       /proc/net/udp -- UDP socket information

 

       /proc/net/igmp -- IGMP multicast information

 

       /proc/net/unix -- Unix domain socket information

 

       /proc/net/ipx -- IPX socket information

 

       /proc/net/ax25 -- AX25 socket information

 

       /proc/net/appletalk -- DDP (appletalk) socket information

 

       /proc/net/nr -- NET/ROM socket information

 

       /proc/net/route -- IP routing information

 

       /proc/net/ax25_route -- AX25 routing information

 

       /proc/net/ipx_route -- IPX routing information

 

       /proc/net/nr_nodes -- NET/ROM nodelist

 

       /proc/net/nr_neigh -- NET/ROM neighbours

 

       /proc/net/ip_masquerade -- masqueraded connections

 

       /proc/net/snmp -- statistics

 

SEE ALSO

       route(8), ifconfig(8), ipchains(8), iptables(8), proc(5)

 

BUGS

       Occasionally strange information may appear if a socket changes as it is viewed. This is unlikely to occur.

 

AUTHORS

       The netstat user interface was written by Fred Baumgarten <[e-mail]>, the man page basically by Matt  Welsh  <[e-mail]‐

       nell.edu>.  It  was  updated by Alan Cox <[e-mail]> but could do with a bit more work.  It was updated again by Tuan Hoang <tqhoang@big‐

       foot.com>.

       The man page and the command included in the net-tools package is totally rewritten by Bernd Eckenfels <[e-mail]>.

 

 

 

net-tools                                                               2008-11-16                                                             NETSTAT(8)