WPF：如何实现单实例的应用程序（Single Instance）

好吧，这是我将WPF与Windows Forms进行比较的系列文章的第四篇，讨论一下如何实现单实例(single instance)

先来看第一种最简单粗暴的做法:

检测进程名,如果名称一样,则表示程序已经启动了,就不再启动.

    protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)    {        // Get Reference to the current Process        Process thisProc = Process.GetCurrentProcess();        // Check how many total processes have the same name as the current one        if (Process.GetProcessesByName(thisProc.ProcessName).Length > 1)        {            // If ther is more than one, than it is already running.            MessageBox.Show("Application is already running.");            Application.Current.Shutdown();            return;        }        base.OnStartup(e);    }很简单,不是吗?但简单有什么错呢? 它很实用.

[注意]这个代码如果在visual studio中调试则无效，因为visual studio调试用的进程是加了一个vshost的后缀的。

第二种方案我觉得应该还是可以用mutex来实现嘛，看看下面的代码

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Configuration;using System.Data;using System.Linq;using System.Windows;using System.Diagnostics;using System.Threading;namespace WpfApplication1{    /// 
    /// App.xaml 的交互逻辑    ///     public partial class App : Application    {        protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)        {            bool createNew;            Mutex mutex = new Mutex(true, "MyApplication", out createNew);            if (createNew)                base.OnStartup(e);            else            {                MessageBox.Show("程序已经启动了");                Application.Current.Shutdown();            }         }    }}

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{font-size: small;color: black;font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;background-color: #ffffff;/*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt {background-color: #f4f4f4;width: 100%;margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }这一种做法的结果与第一种很类似，或者说没有任何区别。

 

看起来解决问题了，但仍然不是很理想的。最好的情况是，当用户开启第二个实例的时候，如果第一个实例没有处于活动状态，则应该激活它。

我们很自然还是联想到了原先在Windows Forms时代的WindowsFormsApplicationBase，那里面做这个事情太简单了。

首先，添加Microsoft.VisualBasic的引用

namespace WpfApplication1{    public class EntryPoint    {        [STAThread]        public static void Main(string[] args)        {            SingleInstanceManager manager = new SingleInstanceManager();            manager.Run(args);        }    }    // Using VB bits to detect single instances and process accordingly:    //  * OnStartup is fired when the first instance loads    //  * OnStartupNextInstance is fired when the application is re-run again    //    NOTE: it is redirected to this instance thanks to IsSingleInstance    public class SingleInstanceManager : WindowsFormsApplicationBase    {        SingleInstanceApplication app;        public SingleInstanceManager()        {            this.IsSingleInstance = true;        }        protected override bool OnStartup(Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.StartupEventArgs e)        {            // First time app is launched            app = new SingleInstanceApplication();            app.Run();            return false;        }        protected override void OnStartupNextInstance(StartupNextInstanceEventArgs eventArgs)        {            // Subsequent launches            base.OnStartupNextInstance(eventArgs);            app.Activate();        }    }    public class SingleInstanceApplication : Application    {        protected override void OnStartup(System.Windows.StartupEventArgs e)        {            base.OnStartup(e);            // Create and show the application's main window            //MainWindow window = new MainWindow();            Window1 window = new Window1();            window.Show();        }        public void Activate()        {            // Reactivate application's main window            this.MainWindow.Show();            this.MainWindow.Activate();        }    }} 

.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{font-size: small;color: black;font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;background-color: #ffffff;/*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt {background-color: #f4f4f4;width: 100%;margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }