MOSS 2010:Visual Studio 2010开发体验(17)——在Silverlight应用程序中访问客户端对象模型

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上一篇我们开始介绍到了客户端对象模型,这是MOSS 2010提供的一套全新的API,它允许我们在客户端应用程序(包括控制台,Windows Forms,或者Silverlight应用程序)能够方便地访问到SharePoint的数据和组件。典型的引用是列表数据查询。(但不仅限于此)

我们这一篇将继续这个话题,我们来看看在Silverlight应用程序中如何使用客户端对象模型。这与之前的控制台应用程序还是有些不一样的。根本性的区别在于异步操作。

 

【注意】在Silverlight中使用客户端对象模型访问SharePoint数据的做法有两种,一种是作为Web Part的一部分直接嵌入在SharePoint里面,这种做法相对比较简单。而另外一种做法是在独立的应用程序中,(不在SharePoint站点中),这时会遇到很多复杂的问题,例如跨域访问方面的限制等等。

本篇我们讨论的是第一种做法

 

1. 创建一个简单的Silverlight应用程序

image

image

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2. 设计界面,我们可以加入一个DataGrid控件来做数据展示。

"clr-namespace:System.Windows.Controls;assembly=System.Windows.Controls.Data"  x:Class="SilverlightApplication3.MainPage"    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"    mc:Ignorable="d"    d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="400">    "LayoutRoot" Background="White">        "EmployeeList" Margin="20" />                    
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{font-size: small;color: black;font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;background-color: #ffffff;/*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt {background-color: #f4f4f4;width: 100%;margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }然后,我们用少量的代码做一个测试,确认它能够正常工作 

先不连接到SharePoint,我们在本地做一个范例

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Net;using System.Windows;using System.Windows.Controls;using System.Windows.Documents;using System.Windows.Input;using System.Windows.Media;using System.Windows.Media.Animation;using System.Windows.Shapes;namespace SilverlightApplication3{    public partial class MainPage : UserControl    {        public MainPage()        {            InitializeComponent();            Loaded += new RoutedEventHandler(MainPage_Loaded);        }        void MainPage_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)        {            List emps = new List();            emps.Add(new Employee() { FirstName = "ares", LastName = "chen" });            EmployeeList.ItemsSource = emps;        }    }    public class Employee    {        public string FirstName { get; set; }        public string LastName { get; set; }    }}

按下F5键调试,我们可以在浏览器中,看到如下的效果

image

还不错,我们一次就成功了(当然,这没有什么可值得骄傲的,呵呵)

 

3. 使用专用的客户端模型访问到SharePoint的数据

注意,我们这里所说的“专用”二次,这是有两个特殊的程序集需要引用,他们的位置是在下面C:/Program Files/Common Files/Microsoft Shared/Web Server Extensions/14/TEMPLATE/LAYOUTS/ClientBin

image

所以,不用多说,添加他们

image

 

然后,我们把上一篇的代码复制过来,看看能不能工作

 

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Net;using System.Windows;using System.Windows.Controls;using System.Windows.Documents;using System.Windows.Input;using System.Windows.Media;using System.Windows.Media.Animation;using System.Windows.Shapes;using Microsoft.SharePoint.Client;namespace SilverlightApplication3{    public partial class MainPage : UserControl    {        public MainPage()        {            InitializeComponent();            Loaded += new RoutedEventHandler(MainPage_Loaded);        }        void MainPage_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)        {            var url = "http://localhost:45223/sites/dev";            using (ClientContext ctx = new ClientContext(url))            {                //ctx.Credentials = System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultNetworkCredentials;                Web web = ctx.Web;                ctx.Load(web);                ctx.Load(web.Lists);                ctx.Load(web, w => w.Lists.Where(l => l.Title == "Employees"));                ctx.ExecuteQuery();                List list = web.Lists[0];                CamlQuery camlQuery = new CamlQuery();                camlQuery.ViewXml = "60100";                ListItemCollection collListItem = list.GetItems(camlQuery);                ctx.Load(collListItem);                ctx.ExecuteQuery();                var emps = collListItem.Select(i => new Employee()                {                    FirstName = i["FirstName"].ToString(),                    LastName = i["LastName"].ToString()                });                EmployeeList.ItemsSource = emps;            }        }    }    public class Employee    {        public string FirstName { get; set; }        public string LastName { get; set; }    }}
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{font-size: small;color: black;font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;background-color: #ffffff;/*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt {background-color: #f4f4f4;width: 100%;margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

【注意】以上代码几乎和之前在Console里面一模一样

 

按下F5键运行,我们却收到了一个错误

image

这其实是我们预见到的错误,之前我就说到过了,Silverlight程序所有的外部资源访问都要求是异步进行的。那就动手改一下吧

 

首先为了做得更加完善些,我们在布局方面做了一下小的调整添加了错误消息提示的功能

<UserControl xmlns:my="clr-namespace:System.Windows.Controls;assembly=System.Windows.Controls.Data"  x:Class="SilverlightApplication5.MainPage"    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"    mc:Ignorable="d"    d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="400">    <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="White">        <StackPanel Margin="20">            <TextBlock x:Name="ErrorMessage"  FontSize="10">TextBlock>            <TextBlock Text="Employee List" FontSize="40">TextBlock>            <my:DataGrid x:Name="Employees" />        StackPanel>    Grid>UserControl>
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{font-size: small;color: black;font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;background-color: #ffffff;/*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt {background-color: #f4f4f4;width: 100%;margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

在设计视图中,看起来应该是这样的

image

然后,我们的代码修改成下面这样

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Net;using System.Windows;using System.Windows.Controls;using System.Windows.Documents;using System.Windows.Input;using System.Windows.Media;using System.Windows.Media.Animation;using System.Windows.Shapes;using Microsoft.SharePoint.Client;namespace SilverlightApplication5{    public partial class MainPage : UserControl    {        public MainPage()        {            InitializeComponent();            Loaded += new RoutedEventHandler(MainPage_Loaded);        }        void MainPage_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)        {            ClientContext ctx = ClientContext.Current;            Web web = ctx.Web;            ctx.Load(web);            ctx.Load(web.Lists);            ctx.Load(web, w => w.Lists.Where(l => l.Title == "Employees"));            ctx.ExecuteQueryAsync(                new ClientRequestSucceededEventHandler((o, e1) =>                {                    List list = web.Lists[0];                    CamlQuery camlQuery = new CamlQuery();                    camlQuery.ViewXml = "60100";                    ListItemCollection collListItem = list.GetItems(camlQuery);                    ctx.Load(collListItem);                    ctx.ExecuteQueryAsync(                        new ClientRequestSucceededEventHandler((obj, e3) =>                        {                            this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(new Action(() =>                            {                                List emps = new List();                                foreach (var item in collListItem)                                {                                    emps.Add(new Employee()                                    {                                        FirstName = item["FirstName"].ToString(),                                        LastName = item["LastName"].ToString(),                                    });                                }                                Employees.ItemsSource = emps;                            }));                        }),                        new ClientRequestFailedEventHandler((obj, e4) =>                        {                            ErrorMessage.Text = e4.Exception.Message;                        }));                }),                new ClientRequestFailedEventHandler((o, e2) =>                {                    ErrorMessage.Text = e2.Exception.Message;                }));        }        public class Employee        {            public string FirstName { get; set; }            public string LastName { get; set; }        }    }}
.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{font-size: small;color: black;font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace;background-color: #ffffff;/*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt {background-color: #f4f4f4;width: 100%;margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }

【注意】因为是作为WebPart使用,所以访问SharePoint的地址不能硬编码,而且事实上也没有必要硬编码,因为它有一个ClientContext.Current属性可以获取当前的SharePoint站点的上下文引用

 

接下来我们部署这个程序。因为我们需要将该Silverlight程序在MOSS中使用,所以需要将输出的结果复制到下面的目录

C:/Program Files/Common Files/Microsoft Shared/Web Server Extensions/14/TEMPLATE/LAYOUTS/ClientBin

 

 

image

然后在页面中添加一个Silverlight WebPart来显示它,部署完成之后,我们看到的效果大致如下

image

 

【注意】关于如何在MOSS中使用Silverlight Web Part,我之前也有一篇文章专门介绍。这里就不重复了。如果你还不熟悉,请参考下面的链接

http://www.cnblogs.com/chenxizhang/archive/2010/04/06/1705132.html

 

【注意】大家请注意,我的那个目录为什么会有很多个Test.xap呢,其实这也是无奈之举。如果有兴趣测试的朋友会发现,假如你对Silverlight程序做了修改,即便你覆盖掉原来的文件,那么在页面中加载的xap还是之前的那个。这的确是一个很让人诧异的设计(Web Part是不是把那个xap保存起来了呢?),目前也只有这样通过修改名字来刷新Silverlight部件了。这个问题折腾了很久的时间。

下一篇我将继续讲解在独立的Silverlight应用程序中如何访问SharePoint数据。

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