关于shm_open和shm_unlink的使用问题

来源:互联网 发布:工作总结 知乎 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/07 02:26

C programming in the UNIX environment的编程手册,一般都会为进程间用共享内存的方法通信提供两组方法:
  1. POSIX定义的:
  int shm_open(const char *name, int oflag, mode_t mode);
  int shm_unlink(const char *name);
  int ftruncate(int fd, off_t length);
  2. SYSTEM V定义的
  int shmget(key_t key, int size, int shmflg);
  void *shmat(int shmid, const void *shmaddr, int shmflg);
  int shmdt(const void *shmaddr);
  int shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);
  由于POSIX标准比较通用,一般建议使用该标准定义的方法集。
  但是在使用shm_open和shm_unlink两个函数时,你可能遇到和我同样的问题,见如下代码。
  该代码旨在测试你的系统是否支持POSIX定义的共享内存函数集。
  /* This is just to test if the function is found in the libs. */
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <unistd.h>
  #include <fcntl.h>
  #include <sys/mman.h>
  #include <sys/stat.h>
  int
  main (void)
  {
   int i;
   i = shm_open ("/tmp/shared", O_CREAT | O_EXCL, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
   printf ("shm_open rc = %d/n", i);
  
   shm_unlink ("/tmp/shared");
   return (0);
  }
  假设它所在的文件为"test.c"
  我这么编译:
  gcc -o test test.c
  结果为:
  /tmp/ccaGhdRt.o(.text+0x23): In function `main':
  : undefined reference to `shm_open'
  /tmp/ccaGhdRt.o(.text+0x49): In function `main':
  : undefined reference to `shm_unlink'
  collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
  编译结果实际上是说,没include相应的头文件,或是头文件不存在(即系统不支持该库函数)
  但我man shm_open是可以找到帮助文件的(说明系统支持),原因何在???
  请注意一下man shm_open的帮助文件的最后几行:
  NOTES
   These functions are provided in glibc 2.2 and later. Programs using
   these functions must specify the -lrt flag to cc in order to link
   against the required ("realtime") library.
   POSIX leaves the behavior of the combination of O_RDONLY and O_TRUNC
   unspecified. On Linux, this will successfully truncate an existing
   shared memory object - this may not be so on other Unices.
   The POSIX shared memory object implementation on Linux 2.4 makes use of
  a dedicated file system, which is normally mounted under /dev/shm.
  如果你注意到的话,这样编译就能通过了:
  gcc -lrt -o test test.c
  其实就是要连接库的原因