软件架构设计师的定义(摘自rup)

架构设计师  Architect

 

“理想的建筑师应该既是文学家又是数字家，他还应通晓历史，热衷于哲学研究，精通音乐，懂得医药知识，具有法学造诣，深谙天文学及天文计算。”

---维特鲁威（古罗马建筑师），约公元前 25 年

"The ideal architect should be a person of letters, a mathematician, familiar with historical studies, a diligent student of philosophy, acquainted with music, not ignorant of medicine, learned in the responses of jurisconsults, familiar with astronomy and astronomical calculations." — Vitruvius, circa 25 BC

 

构架设计师必须多才多艺、成熟练达、洞察力强、经验丰富。这样，他才能在无法获得完整信息的情况下迅速领会问题并根据经验作出审慎的判断。更准确地说，构架设计师（或者构架团队的成员）必须兼具以下技能：

The software architect must be well-rounded, posses maturity, vision, and a depth of experience that allows for grasping issues quickly and making educated, critical judgment in the absence of complete information. More specifically, the software architect, or members of the architecture team, must combine these skills:

 

经验：既包括在问题领域的经验（通过彻底了解需求），也包括在软件工程领域的经验。对于一个构架团队，这些素质要求可由各团队成员来分别承担，但其中至少要有一名构架设计师能够把握项目的全局。

Experience in both the problem domain, through a thorough understanding of the requirements, and the software engineering domain. If there is a team, these qualities can be spread across the team members, but at least one software architect must provide the global vision for the project.

 

领导才能：能够推动各个团队的技术进展，并能在压力下作出关键性的决策然后将其贯彻到底。要提高效率，构架设计师和项目经理必须紧密协作。构架设计师主要负责解决技术问题，项目经理主要负责解决行政管理问题。构架设计师必须有权在技术问题上作出决定。

Leadership in order to drive the technical effort across the various teams, and to make critical decisions under pressure and make those decisions stick. To be effective, the software architect and the project manager must work closely together, with the software architect leading the technical issues and the project manager leading the administrative issues. The software architect must have the authority to make technical decisions.

 

沟通：能够赢得他人的信任，以对其进行说服、激励和指导。构架设计师不能靠命令进行领导，而必须要赢得项目中其他人员的赞同。为了提高效率，构架设计师必须赢得项目团队、项目经理、客户、用户群体以及管理团队的尊敬。

Communication to earn trust, to persuade, to motivate, and to mentor. The software architect cannot lead by decree, only by the consent of the rest of the project. In order to be effective, the software architect must earn the respect of the project team, the project manager, the customer, and the user community, as well as the management team.

 

以目标为中心、积极主动，不懈地追求成效。构架设计师是推动项目发展的技术动力，而不是空想家。在其职业生涯中，成功的构架设计师一直都要在捉摸不定和承受压力的情况下作出折衷决定。构架设计师只有将注意力集中在该做的事情上，才能在项目中取得成功。

Goal-orientation and Pro-activity with a relentless focus on results. The software architect is the technical driving force behind the project, not a visionary or dreamer. The career of a successful software architect is a long series of sub-optimal decisions made in uncertainty and under pressure. Only those who can focus on doing what needs to be done will be successful in this environment of the project.

 

 

构架设计师负责在整个项目中对技术活动和工件进行领导和协调。构架设计师要确立每个构架视图的整体结构：视图的详细组织结构、元素的分组以及这些主要分组之间的接口。因此，与其他角色相比，构架设计师的见解重在广度，而不是深度。

The software architect role is responsible for the software architecture, which includes the key technical decisions that constrain the overall design and implementation for the project.

The software architect has overall responsibility for driving the major technical decisions, expressed as the software architecture. This typically includes identifying and documenting the architecturally significant aspects of the system, including requirements, design, implementation, and deployment "views" of the system.

The architect is also responsible for providing rationale for these decisions, balancing the concerns of the various stakeholders, driving down technical risks, and ensuring that decisions are effectively communicated, validated, and adhered to.