一步一步教你安装 Nginx+PHP+Mysql
来源：互联网 发布：阿里云技术 编辑：程序博客网 时间：2024/04/27 19:25
发现很多VPS用LNMP一键安装包都失败,有不能排错,唯有给出教程,一步一步教你安装,所谓授人于鱼不如授人于渔嘛,本文是在CentOS 5.4 操作系统下测试通过的,用的是DiaHosting上的32位系统,为什么要用32位系统?就是为了节省内存,VPS内存都不是很多的,纯32位系统比X86_X64兼用32位系统更省内存.
安装步骤:
1,升级系统和安装相关的程序库
01 yum -y install yum-fastestmirror
02 yum -y update
03 yum -y install patch make gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison
04 yum -y install libtool libtool-libs kernel-devel autoconf
05 yum -y install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel
06 yum -y install freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel
07 yum -y install glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 diff*
08 yum -y install bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs
09 yum -y install e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel
10 yum -y install openssl openssl-devel vim-minimal
11 yum -y install fonts-chinese scim-chewing scim-pinyin scim-tables-chinese
2,下载相关程序源码包
01 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
02 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
03 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
04 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
05 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz
06 wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz
07 wget http://www.sfr-fresh.com/unix/www/php-5.2.13.tar.gz
08 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
09 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
10 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
11 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
12 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz
13 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/pcre-8.01.tar.gz
14 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz
15 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages.tar.gz
16 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/index.php
3, 开始安装,先安装PHP需要的库程序
01 tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
02 cd libiconv-1.13.1/
03 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
04 make
05 make install
06 cd ../
07
08 tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
09 cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
10 ./configure
11 make
12 make install
13 /sbin/ldconfig
14 cd libltdl/
15 ./configure --enable-ltdl-install
16 make
17 make install
18 cd ../../
19
20 tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
21 cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
22 ./configure
23 make
24 make install
25 cd ../
26
27 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
28 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
29 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
30 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
31 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
32 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
33 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
34 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
35 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
36 ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
37
38 tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
39 cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
40 ./configure
41 make
42 make install
43 cd ../
4, 安装mysql
1 tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz
2 cd mysql-5.1.44
3 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile
4 make && make install
5 cd ../
创建MySQL数据库,用默认的配置my.cnf
1 groupadd mysql
2 useradd -g mysql mysql
3 cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
4 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
5 chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var
6 chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/.
添加Mysql启动服务,并且设置root密码
01 cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
02 chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
03 chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
04 echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
05 echo "/usr/local/lib" >>/etc/ld.so.conf
06 ldconfig
07 ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
08 ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
09 service mysql start
10 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password root //root改为你需要的密码
11 service mysql restart
5, 安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
1 tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz
2 gzip -cd php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.13 -p1
3 cd php-5.2.13/
4 ./buildconf --force
5 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-ftp
6 make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
7 make install
8 cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
9 cd ../
6, 安装PHP扩展模块
01 tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
02 cd memcache-2.2.5/
03 /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
04 ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
05 make
06 make install
07 cd ../
08
09 tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
10 cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
11 /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
12 ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
13 make
14 make install
15 cd ../
16
17 tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
18 cd eaccelerator-0.9.6/
19 /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
20 ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
21 make
22 make install
23 cd ../
安装Zend Optimizer,32位系统版本
1 tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
2 mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/
3 cp ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/zend/
如果是64 位系统,则
1 tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz
2 mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/
3 cp ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/zend/
配置 php.ini
1 cat >>/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini< <EOF
2 [Zend Optimizer]
3 zend_optimizer.optimization_level=1
4 zend_extension="/usr/local/zend/ZendOptimizer.so"
5 EOF
7, 修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的 extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
再查找 output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On
自动修改:可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:
[/code]
1 sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"/nextension = "memcache.so"/nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"/n#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
2 sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
8, 配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
创建缓存目录
1 mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache
配置php.ini
01 cat >>/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini< <EOF
02 [eaccelerator]
03 zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
04 eaccelerator.shm_size="1"
05 eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
06 eaccelerator.enable="1"
07 eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
08 eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
09 eaccelerator.debug="0"
10 eaccelerator.filter=""
11 eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
12 eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
13 eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
14 eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
15 eaccelerator.compress="1"
16 eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
17 eaccelerator.keys = "disk_only"
18 eaccelerator.sessions = "disk_only"
19 eaccelerator.content = "disk_only"
20 EOF
9, 创建www用户和组,以及主机需要的目录,日志目录
[/code]
1 groupadd www
2 useradd -g www www
3 mkdir -p /home/www
4 chmod +w /home/www
5 mkdir -p /home/www/logs
6 chmod 777 /home/www/logs
7 chown -R www:www /home/www
10, 创建php-fpm配置文件
1 rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
2 vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容,我设置开的进程是5个.需要更改进程数,可以修改5
001 <? xml version="1.0" ?>
002 <configuration>
003 All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
004 <section name="global_options">
005 Pid file
006 <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
007 Error log file
008 <value name="error_log">/home/www/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
009 Log level
010 <value name="log_level">notice</value>
011 When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
012 <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
013 ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
014 Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
015 <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
016 Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
017 <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
018 Set to 'no' to debug fpm
019 <value name="daemonize">yes</value>
020 </section>
021 <workers>
022 <section name="pool">
023 Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
024 <value name="name">default</value>
025 Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
026 Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
027 <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
028 <value name="listen_options">
029 Set listen(2) backlog
030 </value><value name="backlog">-1</value>
031 Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
032 In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
033 Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
034 <value name="owner">www</value>
035 <value name="group">www</value>
036 <value name="mode">0666</value>
037
038 Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
039 <value name="php_defines">
040 <!-- <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value> -->
041 <!-- <value name="display_errors">0 -->
042
043 Unix user of processes
044 <value name="user">www</value>
045 Unix group of processes
046 <value name="group">www</value>
047 Process manager settings
048 <value name="pm">
049 Sets style of controling worker process count.
050 Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
051 </value><value name="style">static</value>
052 Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
053 Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
054 Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
055 Used with any pm_style.
056 <value name="max_children">5</value>
057 Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
058 <value name="apache_like">
059 Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
060 Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
061 </value><value name="StartServers">20</value>
062 Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
063 Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
064 <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
065 Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
066 Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
067 <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
068
069 The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
070 Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
071 '0s' means 'off'
072 <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
073 The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
074 '0s' means 'off'
075 <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
076 The log file for slow requests
077 <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
078 Set open file desc rlimit
079 <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
080 Set max core size rlimit
081 <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
082 Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
083 <value name="chroot"></value>
084 Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
085 <value name="chdir"></value>
086 Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
087 If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
088 <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
089 How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
090 Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
091 For endless request processing please specify 0
092 Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
093 <value name="max_requests">102400</value>
094 Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
095 Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
096 Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
097 <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
098 Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
099 All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
100 <value name="environment">
101 </value><value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
102 <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
103 <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
104 <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
105 <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
106 <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
107 <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
108 <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
109
110 </section>
111 </workers>
112 </configuration>
11, 启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为5,用户为www
1 ulimit -SHn 65535
2 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注:/usr /local/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包 括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件 使用reload
12,安装Nginx
01 tar zxvf pcre-8.01.tar.gz
02 cd pcre-8.01/
03 ./configure
04 make && make install
05 cd ../
06
07 tar zxvf nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz
08 cd nginx-0.7.65/
09 ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module
10 make && make install
11 cd ../
13, 创建Nginx配置文件
1 mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers
2 rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
3 vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容:
01 user www www;
02 worker_processes 1;
03 error_log /home/www/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
04 pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
05 #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
06 worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
07 events
08 {
09 use epoll;
10 worker_connections 65535;
11 }
12 http
13 {
14 include mime.types;
15 default_type application/octet-stream;
16 #charse gb2312;
17 server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
18 client_header_buffer_size 128k;
19 large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;
20 client_max_body_size 8m;
21 sendfile on;
22 tcp_nopush on;
23 keepalive_timeout 60;
24 tcp_nodelay on;
25
26 fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
27 fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
28 fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
29 fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
30 fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
31 fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
32 fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
33
34 gzip on;
35 gzip_min_length 1k;
36 gzip_buffers 4 16k;
37 gzip_http_version 1.1;
38 gzip_comp_level 9;
39 gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
40 gzip_vary on;
41 output_buffers 4 32k;
42 postpone_output 1460;
43
44 #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
45
46 server
47 {
48 listen 80;
49 server_name vps.imcat.in;
50 index index.html index.htm index.php;
51 include location.conf;
52 root /home/www;
53 }
54 include servers/*;
55 }
14, 在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建location.conf文件：
1 vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/location.conf
输入内容:
01 location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$
02 {
03 #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
04 fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
05 fastcgi_index index.php;
06 include fastcgi.conf;
07 }
08
09 location ~ .*/.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
10 {
11 expires 30d;
12 }
13
14 location ~ .*/.(js|css)?$
15 {
16 expires 12h;
17 }
多站点管理,可以在 /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers目录添加配置文件,格式为:
1 vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers/imcat.conf
内容:
1 server
2
3 {
4 listen 80;
5 server_name imcat.in;
6 index index.html index.htm index.php;
7 root /home/www/imcat;
8 }
请 注意,我是没有开启 Nginx日志记录功能的.
启动Nginx:
1 ulimit -SHn 65535
2 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
放个探针看看
1 mv index.php /home/www/
访问你的IP看看吧!
15,安装phpMyAdmin,管理Mysql数据库
1 tar zxvf phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages.tar.gz
2 mv phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages /home/www/phpmyadmin
16, 配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
1 echo "ulimit -SHn 65535" >>/etc/rc.local
2 echo "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start" >>/etc/rc.local
3 echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" >>/etc/rc.local
17, 优化Linux内核参数(我只在Xen VPS用过,Openvz VPS失败,慎用)
1 vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在最后加入
01 # Add
02 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
03 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
04 net.core.somaxconn = 32768
05
06 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
07 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
08 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
09 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
10
11 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
12 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
13 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
14
15 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
16 #net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
17 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
18
19 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
20 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
21
22 #net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
23 #net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
24 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
使配置立即生效：
1 /sbin/sysctl -p
18, 需要安装ftp的,可以简单安装vsftpd应用:
1 yum -y install vsftpd
2 /etc/init.d/vsftpd start
3 chkconfig --level 345 vsftpd on
19, 请务必更改www用户密码:
1 passwd www
全文完!欢迎抓错误!
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