非常方便的U盘安装系统的方法

前几天，想着体验一下gnome3桌面，却意外发现其提供的制作live USB的脚本软件非常有用，只需要一个命令就可以直接将系统ISO镜像制作成live USB ，从U盘启动后可获得与从光盘启动一样的效果，酷吧！！

#!/usr/bin/env python## image-usb-stick# # Author:# Aaron Bockover <[e-mail]># # Copyright 2010 Novell, Inc.# # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:# # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.# # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN# THE SOFTWARE.#import osimport sysimport refrom time import timefrom optparse import OptionParser# ------------------------------------------------------------------------# Utilities for the Disk classes# ------------------------------------------------------------------------def sh (cmd):for line in os.popen (cmd).readlines ():yield line.rstrip ('/r/n')def make_id (id):return re.sub ('[_]{2,}', '_',re.sub ('^[0-9]', '_',re.sub ('[^A-Za-z0-9]', '_', id))) /.strip () /.strip ('_') /.lower ()# ------------------------------------------------------------------------# Base Disk classes# ------------------------------------------------------------------------class Disk:def __init__ (self):self.device_node = Noneself.mount_point = Noneself.is_mounted = Falseself.name = 'Unknown'self.size = 0self.children = []def unmount (self):return Falsedef eject (self):return Falsedef is_valid (self):return not self.device_node == None and self.size > 0def get_mounted_devices (self):if self.is_mounted:yield selffor child in self.children:if child.is_mounted:yield childdef __str__ (self):return '%s (%s) - %0.02g GB' % (self.name,self.device_node, self.size / 1000000000.0)class DiskManager:@staticmethoddef get_manager ():import typesfor name, type in globals ().iteritems ():if isinstance (type, types.ClassType) and /issubclass (type, DiskManager) and /not type == DiskManager:try:return type ()except:passdef get_devices (self):return# ------------------------------------------------------------------------# OS X Disk implementation# ------------------------------------------------------------------------class OsxDisk (Disk):def __init__ (self, node, parent = None):Disk.__init__ (self)self.attrs = {}self.parent = parentfor parts in [line.split (':') for line in sh ('diskutil info %s' % node)]:if len (parts) == 2:val = parts[1].strip ()if len (val) > 0:self.attrs[make_id (parts[0])] = valself.device_node = self.attrs['device_node']self.is_mounted = 'mounted' in self.attrs and self.attrs['mounted'] == 'Yes'self.name = self.attrs['device_media_name']if 'volume_name' in self.attrs and not self.attrs['volume_name'] == self.name:self.name = '%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.attrs['volume_name'])if 'mount_point' in self.attrs:self.mount_point = self.attrs['mount_point']m = re.match ('.*/((/d+) Bytes/).*', self.attrs['total_size'])if m:self.size = float (m.group (1))if self.parent:returnfor parts in [line.split (':') for line in sh ('diskutil list %s' % node)]:try:id = int (parts[0].strip ())if id < 1:continueexcept:continuechild = OsxDisk ('%ss%d' % (self.device_node, id), self)self.children.append (child)def is_valid (self):return /Disk.is_valid (self) and /self.attrs['device_identifier'] == self.attrs['part_of_whole'] and /self.attrs['protocol'] == 'USB' and /self.attrs['read_only_media'] == 'No' and /self.attrs['ejectable'] == 'Yes' and /self.attrs['whole'] == 'Yes' and /self.attrs['internal'] == 'No'def unmount (self):import subprocessproc = subprocess.Popen ('diskutil unmount %s' % self.device_node, shell = True)return os.waitpid (proc.pid, 0)[1] == 0class OsxDiskManager (DiskManager):def __init__ (self):if not os.path.isdir ('/Volumes') or /not os.path.isdir ('/System') or /not os.path.isfile ('/usr/sbin/diskutil'):raise Exception ()def get_devices (self):for node in sh ('diskutil list'):device = self.get_device (node)if device:yield devicedef get_device (self, node):if node.startswith ('/dev/'):try:disk = OsxDisk (node)if disk.is_valid ():return diskexcept:pass# ------------------------------------------------------------------------# udevadm Disk implementation# ------------------------------------------------------------------------class UdevDevice:def __init__ (self):self.path = Noneself.name = Noneself.symlinks = []self.properties = {}class UdevDeviceManager:def __init__ (self):if not os.path.isdir ('/sys') or /not os.path.isfile ('/sbin/udevadm'):raise Exception ()self.devices = []device = Nonefor line in sh ('/sbin/udevadm info --root --export-db'):try:key, value = line.split (':', 1)except:continuevalue = value.strip ()if key == 'P':if device:self.devices.append (device)device = UdevDevice ()device.path = valueelif not device:continueelif key == 'N':device.name = valueelif key == 'S':device.symlinks.append (value)elif key == 'E':key, value = value.split ('=', 1)device.properties[key.strip ()] = value.strip ()if device:self.devices.append (device)def query_by_properties (self, *matches):for dev in self.devices:match = Truefor match in matches:if isinstance (match, str):if match not in dev.properties:match = Falsebreakelif isinstance (match, (list, tuple)):k, v = match[:2]if k not in dev.properties or not dev.properties[k] == v:match = Falsebreakif match:yield devclass UdevDisk (Disk):def __init__ (self, udev_device, udev_manager):Disk.__init__ (self)self.device_node = udev_device.properties['DEVNAME']if not self.device_node[0] == '/':self.device_node = '/dev/%s' % self.device_nodeself.name = udev_device.properties['ID_MODEL']try:with open ('/sys/class/block/%s/size' % /os.path.basename (self.device_node), 'r') as fp:self.size = int (fp.read ()) * 512except:passtry:self.mount_point = udev_manager.mounts[self.device_node]self.is_mounted = not self.mount_point == Noneprint self.mount_pointexcept:passif not udev_device.properties['DEVTYPE'] == 'disk':returnfor child in udev_manager.query_by_properties (['ID_BUS', 'usb'],['ID_TYPE', 'disk'],['DEVTYPE', 'partition'],['ID_SERIAL', udev_device.properties['ID_SERIAL']]):try:child_disk = UdevDisk (child, udev_manager)if child_disk.is_valid ():self.children.append (child_disk)except:passdef is_valid (self):return Disk.is_valid (self) and os.path.exists (self.device_node)def unmount (self):import subprocessproc = subprocess.Popen ('/bin/umount %s' % self.device_node, shell = True)return os.waitpid (proc.pid, 0)[1] == 0class UdevDiskMianager (DiskManager, UdevDeviceManager):def __init__ (self):UdevDeviceManager.__init__ (self)self.mounts = {}try:for line in sh ('/bin/mount'):parts = line.split ()if len (parts) >= 3 and parts[1] == 'on':self.mounts[parts[0]] = parts[2]except:passdef get_devices (self):for dev in self.query_by_properties (['ID_BUS', 'usb'],['ID_TYPE', 'disk'],['DEVTYPE', 'disk']):try:disk = UdevDisk (dev, self)if disk.is_valid ():yield diskexcept:pass# ------------------------------------------------------------------------# Tool utilities# ------------------------------------------------------------------------def abort ():print >> sys.stderr, '/nAborted'sys.exit (1)def prompt (prompt, validate):while True:try:result = validate (raw_input (prompt))if result:return resultexcept (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):abort ()except:passdef image (in_path, out_path, progress_cb = None):file_size = os.stat (in_path).st_sizebuf_size = 4096try:buf_size = os.stat (out_path).st_blksizeexcept:passbytes_read = 0progress = 0last_raise_time = 0start_time = time ()with open (in_path, 'rb') as in_fp:with open (out_path, 'wb') as out_fp:while True:buf = bytearray (buf_size)r = in_fp.readinto (buf) if r < buf_size:buf = buf[:r]out_fp.write (buf)bytes_read += rprogress = int ((bytes_read / float (file_size)) * 100)current_time = time ()if progress_cb and (r < buf_size or /last_raise_time == 0 or current_time - last_raise_time > 1):last_raise_time = current_timeprogress_cb (progress, start_time, bytes_read, file_size)if r < buf_size:breakout_fp.flush ()def calc_eta (bytes_read, bytes_total, elapsed):if bytes_read < 1:return 0return long (((bytes_total - bytes_read) * elapsed) / bytes_read)def calc_bar (progress, length):fill = int ((progress / 100.0) * length)empty = length - fillreturn '=' * fill + ' ' * emptydef progress (progress, start_time, bytes_read, total_bytes):elapsed = time () - start_timeeta = calc_eta (bytes_read, total_bytes, elapsed)bar = calc_bar (progress, 48)sys.stdout.write ('/r%3d%% %ld:%02ld:%02ld [%s] ETA %ld:%02ld:%02ld ' % /(progress,elapsed / 3600, (elapsed / 60) % 60, elapsed % 60,bar,eta / 3600, (eta / 60) % 60, eta % 60)) sys.stdout.flush ()# ------------------------------------------------------------------------# Main program# ------------------------------------------------------------------------if __name__ == '__main__':parser = OptionParser (usage = 'Usage: %prog [options] IMAGE_FILE')parser.add_option ('-d', '--device',action = 'store',dest = 'device',help = 'Manually selected device node. This device node must be a valid root level USB storage device node even if manually selected. Omitting this option will present a menu of valid nodes.')parser.add_option ('-f', '--force',action = 'store_true',dest = 'force',help = 'Force the writing of the image to device. This option will not prompt for confirmation before writing to the device, and implies the -u|--unmount option!')parser.add_option ('-u', '--unmount',action = 'store_true',dest = 'unmount',help = 'Unmount any mounted partitions on the device. This option will not prompt for unmounting any mounted partitions.')parser.add_option ('-s', '--checksum',action = 'store',dest = 'checksum',help = 'Checksum of IMAGE_FILE. This checksum may be prefixed with a hash type. For instance, /'md5:abc.../', /'sha1:abc.../', /'sha512:abc.../'; if no prefix is specified, md5 is assumed for the hash type.')options, args = parser.parse_args ()if len (args) < 1:parser.print_help ()sys.exit (1)if not os.path.isfile (args[0]):sys.exit ('File not found: %s' % args[0])print 'Loading disks...'manager = DiskManager.get_manager ()devices = [d for d in manager.get_devices ()]target_device = Noneif len (devices) == 0:sys.exit ('No devices found.')printif options.device:for device in devices:if device.device_node == options.device:target_device = devicebreakif not target_device:sys.exit ('Invalid USB device node: %s' % options.device)else:print 'Select a device to image:/n'for i in range (0, len (devices)):print ' %d) %s' % (i + 1, devices[i])for child in devices[i].children:print ' - %s' % childprintdef select (i):if i >= 1 and i <= len (devices):return devices[i - 1]target_device = prompt ('Choice: ', lambda i: select (int (i)))print '/nSelected: %s/n' % target_devicedef select_yes_no (i):i = i.lower ()if i in ('y', 'yes'):return 'y'elif i in ('n', 'no'):return 'n'mounts = [m for m in target_device.get_mounted_devices ()]if len (mounts) > 0:print 'Device has one or more mounted partitions:/n'for m in mounts:print ' %s @ %s' % (m.device_node, m.mount_point)printif options.unmount or options.force or /prompt ('Unmount all partitions? [Y/N]: ', select_yes_no) == 'y':for m in mounts:if not m.unmount ():sys.exit ('Failed to unmount device: %s at %s' % /(m.device_node, m.mount_point))if options.force or prompt ('WARNING: imaging %s may result in data loss! Continue? [Y/N]: ' /% target_device.device_node, select_yes_no) == 'y':image (args[0], target_device.device_node, progress)printprint 'Done.'else:abort () 

文件命名为：image-usb-stick

为其加上可执行权限。

用法：插入一个空白U盘，准备好光盘镜像如ubuntu.iso

sudo ./image-usb-stick path/ubuntu.iso

其中path很明显是路径

另外，很明显本脚本不适合windows。

另给出脚本下载地址，在网页的最下面有说明。

http://www.gnome3.org/tryit.html

项目主页：https://github.com/abock/image-usb-stick