find和grep

find 的用法：

    find [path] [options] [tests] [actions]

 

path可以为绝对路径，比如/, /usr/include 等等，也可以为相对路径，比如当前路径 .

 

option 有下面几个：

-depth: search the contents of a directory before looking at the directory itself

-follow: follow symbolic links

-maxdepths N: search at most N leves of the directory when searching

-mount (or -xdev): don't search directories on other file systems.

 

test 常用的有下面几个：

-atime N: the file was last accessed N days ago

-mtime N: the file was last modified N days ago

-name pattern: the name of the file, excluding any path, matches the pattern provided. The pattern must always be in quotes.

-newer otherfile: the file is newer than the file otherfile.

-type C: the file is of type C, where C can be a particular type; the most common are "d" for a directory and "f" for a regular file.For other types consult the manuel pages.

-user username: the file is owned by the user with the given name.

test可以用操作符结合起来，!＝-not (invert the test), -a = -and (both tests must be true), -o = -or (either test must be true)

 

 

action 常用的有下面几个：

-exec command: execute a command. This action must be terminated with a /; character pair;

-ok command: like -exec, except that it prompts for user confirmation of each file on which it will carry out the command before executing the command. This action must be terminated with a /; character pair;

-print: print out the name of the file

-ls: use the command ls -dils on the current file

 

举例如下：

查找当前目录下所有.c文件并显示：find . -name "*.c" -print

输出：

./password.c
./screenmenu.c
./test_LF_CR.c
./menu1.c
./test_getchar.c

 

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grep 的用法：

     grep [options] PATTERN [FILES]

if not filenames are given, it searches standard input.

 

options常用的有：

-c: rather than print matching lines, print a count of the numbers of lines that match

-E: turn on extended expressions

-h: suppress the normal prefixing of each output line with the name of the file it was found in.

-i: ignore case

-l: list the names of the files with match lines; don't output the actual matched line

-v: invert the matching pattern to select nonmatching lines, rather than matching lines.

 

举例如下：

查找password.c 中的include：grep include password.c

输出：

#include <termios.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

查找password.c 中的include的个数：grep -c include password.c

输出：

3

 

 

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find和grep结合起来使用：

查找所有.c文件中的include: find . -name "*.c" -exec grep include {} /;

输出：

#include <termios.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <term.h>
#include <curses.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

这里使用 {} 给-exec 或者 -ok 中的命令传递参数，执行时被替换为当前文件的绝对路径。