linux下定时使用rman总结

1.oracle备份和恢复体系
冷备份 
热备份

2.rman备份  

oracle结构体系

nocatalog 模式

catalog模式

create tablespace tbs_rman datafile '/u02/oradata/digoal/tbs_rman01.dbf' size 300m;

create user rmanuser identified by rman default tablespace tbs_rman temporary
tablespace temp;

grant recovery_catalog_owner to rmanuser;

conn rmanuser/rman

select * from session_privs; 查看权限。

conn / as sysdba

alter user rmanuser quota unlimited on tbs_rman;

 

连接rman
rman catalog rmanuser/rman
创建恢复目录
create catalog tablespace tbs_rman;

注册，同步数据库，控制文件
register database;

report schema;

全库备份
run{
allocate channel d1 device type disk;
backup as compressed backupset
format='/home/oracle/rmanbak/full_%d_%U'
tag='fullbak'
channel=d1
database plus archivelog delete input;
}

crosscheck copy

 

备模式
增量备份模式
0级备份
run{
  allocate channel d1 device type disk;
  backup as compressed backupset
  incremental level=0
  format ='/home/oracle/rmanbak/inc0_%d_%U'
  tag='inc0'
  channel=d1
  database plus archivelog delete input;
  release channel d1;
}

1级备份
run{
   allocate channel d1 device type disk;
   backup as compressed backupset
   incremental level=1
   format='/home/oracle/rmanbak/inc1_%d_%U'
   tag='inc1'
   channel=d1
   database;
   release channel d1;
}

run{
   allocate channel d1 device type disk;
   backup as compressed backupset
   format='/home/oracle/rmanbak/arch_%d_%U'
   tag='arch'
   channel=d1
   archivelog all;
   release channel d1;
}

}

linux下的定时备份策略

实施步骤
mkdir

编写通用脚本
connect.rcv

 

connect catalog rmanuser/rman@ora10g
connect target sys/admin@ora10g

 

Global_del   global_arch  global_ctl

replace global script global_del{
    allocate channel d1 device type disk;
    delete obsolete recovery window of 15 days;
    release channel d1;
}

replace global script global_arch  comment "backup current archive log as well delete input "{
    allocate channel d1 device type disk;
    sql "alter  database archive log current";
    set limit channel d1 readrate=10240;
    set limit channel d1 kbytes=4096000;
    format '/home/oracle/rmanbak/arch_%d_%U'
    tag='bkarch'
    channel=d1
    archivelog all delete input;
    release channel d1;
}

replace global script global_bkctl{
    allocate channel d1 device type disk;
    backup as compressed backupset
    format '/home/oracle/rmanbak/backupctl.ctl'
    tag='bkctl'
    channel=d1
    current contorlfile reuse;
    release channel d1;
}

replace global script golbal_inc0   comment "backup database as incremental level 0"{
   execute global script global_del;
   allocate channel d1 device type disk;
   set limit channel d1 readrate=10240;
   set limit channel d1 kbytes=4096000;
   backup as compressed backupset
   incremental level=0
   format '/home/oracle/rmanbak/inc0_%d_%U'
   tag='inc0'
   channel=d1
   database;
   release channel d1;
   execute global script global_arch;
   execute global script global_bkctl;
}

 

replace global script golbal_inc1   comment "backup database as incremental level 1"{
   execute global script global_del;
   allocate channel d1 device type disk;
   set limit channel d1 readrate=10240;
   set limit channel d1 kbytes=4096000;
   backup as compressed backupset
   incremental level=1
   format '/home/oracle/rmanbak/inc0_%d_%U'
   tag='inc1'
   channel=d1
   database;
   release channel d1;
   execute global script global_arch;
   execute global script global_bkctl;
}

replace global script golbal_inc2   comment "backup database as incremental level 2"{
   execute global script global_del;
   allocate channel d1 device type disk;
   set limit channel d1 readrate=10240;
   set limit channel d1 kbytes=4096000;
   backup as compressed backupset
   incremental level=2
   format '/home/oracle/rmanbak/inc0_%d_%U'
   tag='inc2'
   channel=d1
   database;
   release channel d1;
   execute global script global_arch;
   execute global script global_bkctl;
}

 

 

vi inrc0.rvc

@@/home/oracle/rmabak/script/connect.rcv
run{
  execute global script global_inc0;
}
exit

vi inrc1.rvc

@@/home/oracle/rmabak/script/connect.rcv
run{
  execute global script global_inc1;
}
exit

vi inrc2.rvc

@@/home/oracle/rmabak/script/connect.rcv
run{
  execute global script global_inc2;
}
exit

 

vi inc0.sh

nohup  $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman cmdfile=/home/oracle/rmanbak/script/inc0.rcv  log=/home/oracle/rmanbak/script/inc0.log append &

vi inc1.sh

nohup  $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman cmdfile=/home/oracle/rmanbak/script/inc1.rcv  log=/home/oracle/rmanbak/script/inc1.log append &

vi inc2.sh

nohup  $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman cmdfile=/home/oracle/rmanbak/script/inc2.rcv  log=/home/oracle/rmanbak/script/inc2.log append &

linux下的定时脚本
crontab -e

#min        hour      date    mon     day    command
0           1         *       *       0      /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/inc0.sh
0           1         *       *       1      /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/inc2.sh
0           1         *       *       2      /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/inc2.sh
0           1         *       *       3      /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/inc2.sh
0           1         *       *       4      /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/inc1.sh
0           1         *       *       5      /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/inc2.sh
0           1         *       *       6      /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/inc2.sh

 

 

cmdfile&rman catalog script

shell script

crontab -e

chown u+x *.sh

 

3.rman恢复

物理灾难

datafile   controlfile   redo log

non-system tbs

alter datafile offline

或者alter tablespace offline

 

run{

 allocate channel d1 device type disk;
 sql "alter database datafile 5 offline";
 restore datafile 5;
 recover datafile 5;
 sql "alter database datafile 5 online";
}

unbo表空间还原
alter database checkpoint;

run{
  allocate channel d1 device type disk;
  restore datafile 2;
  recover datafile 2;
 
}

recover datafile 2;

select status from v$datafile;

 

系统表空间还原

将数据库至于mount状态

run{
  allocate channel d1 device type disk;
  restore datafile 1;
  recover datafile 1;
  sql "alter database open";
}

 

控制文件还原

startup nomount force

restore   controlfile   from   备份的控制文件名;
alter   database   open   resetlogs;

 

online redolog还原

run{
   allocate channel d1 device type disk;
   resotre contorlfile;
   recover database;
}

archivelog还原

restore archivelog time between "to_date('2009-06-24 08:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')" and "to_date('2009-06-24 13:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')" preview;

 

用trace文件生成控制文件脚本

alter database backup controlfile to trace;

STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORA10G" NORESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '/u02/oradata/ora10g/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 2 '/u02/oradata/ora10g/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 3 '/u02/oradata/ora10g/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  '/u02/oradata/ora10g/system01.dbf',
  '/u02/oradata/ora10g/undotbs01.dbf',
  '/u02/oradata/ora10g/sysaux01.dbf',
  '/u02/oradata/ora10g/users01.dbf',
  '/u02/oradata/digoal/tbs_rman01.dbf',
  '/u02/oradata/ora10g/DATA01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;

 

 

//将catalog的注册信息转换成nocatalog模式

MAN> run
2> {
3>  catalog start with '/home/oracle/rmanbak';
4> }