C++中动态创建二维数组——尴尬的不支持C99的VC

很多老外公布出来的算法代码常常是在Linux下实现的。很多时候会遇到动态数组定义。

举个二维数组的例子：

Graph::node_id node[height][width];

这是C99[6]标准中新添加的特性[3,4,5]。

C99 gives C programmers the ability to use variable length arrays, which are arrays whose sizes are not known until run time. A variable length array declaration is like a fixed array declaration except that the array size is specified by a non-constant expression. When the declaration is encountered, the size expression is evaluated and the array is created with the indicated length, which must be a positive integer. Once created, variable length array cannot change in length. Elements in the array can be accessed up to the allocated length; accessing elements beyond that length results in undefined behavior. There is no check required for such out-of-range accesses. The array is destroyed when the block containing the declaration completes. Each time the block is started, a new array is allocated.[4]

GCC编译器具有对C99标准比较完善的支持，而VC的编译器部分支持C99，但还不支持这种动态数组定义。

我的测试环境是VS 2008，不过至今VS2010都没有支持：

This version of Visual C++ is not conformant with the C99 standard.[8]

 

Thank you for your comment. There's no plans for VC to support C99.[9]

因此，要想在VC中编译老外的代码，要改写成动态创建的数组。

改法如下：

Graph::node_id **node = new Graph::node_id*[height];for (int i = 0; i < height; ++i){node[i] = new Graph::node_id[width];}

最后释放：

for (int i=0;i<height;i++){delete[] node[i];}delete[] node;

 

简单例子：

#include "stdafx.h"#include "stdio.h"int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]){int rows = 3;int cols = 5;int **p2d = new int *[rows];for (int i=0;i<rows;i++){p2d[i] = new int[cols];}for (int i=0;i<rows;i++){for (int j=0;j<cols;j++){p2d[i][j] = i*cols + j;printf("%d/t",p2d[i][j]); }printf("/n");}for (int i=0;i<rows;i++){delete[] p2d[i];}delete[] p2d;return 0;}

后话：

 

　　从MS Visual Studio开发小组的态度来看，近期之内，不会对C99进行完整的支持[7,8,9]，这就意味着，可能在Windows下跑老外的Linux算法的时候涉及更多的代码改编。
　　因此，自然就要想到，如何让Visual Studio支持C99，我还没有去尝试，不过这里有篇帖子《VC里边怎么用C99》[10]，方法是在VS中使用Intel C++编译器，抽时间可以试一下。

 

 

Referrences：

 

[1]Image Segmentation Code,http://cms.brookes.ac.uk/staff/PhilipTorr/Code/seg_page_1.htm

[2]C++中二维数组的动态创建与处理,http://www.programfan.com/blog/article.asp?id=25162

[3]可变长数组在GCC编译器中的实现,http://hi.baidu.com/wch20088082008/blog/item/1a7e09256b53c825d40742a7.html

[4]C语言变长数组之剖析,http://blog.chinaunix.net/space.php?uid=7897183&do=blog&cuid=220612

[5]我很满意C99的这几个特性(2) —— 定义变量和不定长数组,http://hi.baidu.com/zotin/blog/item/ca0f9023972c0f49ac34deb3.html

[6]C99 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C99

[7]Visual Studio support for new C / C++ standards?,http://stackoverflow.com/questions/146381/visual-studio-support-for-new-c-c-standards

[8]C Run-Time Libraries,http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/abx4dbyh.aspx

[9]C99 support ,http://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/653336/c99-support

[10]VC 里边怎么用C99？,http://playmov.cn/post-16.html