Struts2+Hibernate3+Spring2的简单小例子

    今天这个例子主要是为了学习Hibernate，之前已经对Struts有了了解，因此加上Struts的控制，另外稍微加上了一点点Spring&Struts的使用。

    使用工具：eclipse for J2EE,Tomcat6.0,JDK1.6,SQLServer2000。

    此例子重点在于使用Hibernate的对数据库表的增删改查功能，以及分页的实现。

    使用数据库：Pubs,复制其中的表titles为newtitles以供使用，复制表的代码为：

    use pubs

    select * into newtitles from titles;

    alter table newtitles add primary key(title_id);

 

    首先建立工程取名SSH2_Example(当然工程名任意起)，然后环境配置，将所有要用到的jar包复制进工程lib里，关于jar包的引用就不多说了，这是个大问题，也是个应该没啥问题的问题，so...

 

    工程下新建包，com.hp.db,这个包里我们放HibernateSessionFactory这个类，也是Hibernate的关键类，其功能就是提供数据库的连接，是个Session，相当于JDBC里的Connection,还可以提供事务的共通代码，代码如下：

package com.hp.db;import org.hibernate.HibernateException;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;public class HibernateSessionFactory {/** Hibernate的配置文件的位置 **/private static String CONFIG_FILE_LOCATION = "/hibernate.cfg.xml";/** 设置本地线程变量，使多线程开发时保证线程的安全，Session和Transaction **/private static final ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Session>();private static final ThreadLocal<Transaction> threadtrans = new ThreadLocal<Transaction>();/** configuration */private static Configuration configuration = new Configuration();/** 定义Hibernate的Session类工厂 **/private static org.hibernate.SessionFactory sessionFactory;/** 定义config要指定的文件目录 **/private static String configFile = CONFIG_FILE_LOCATION;/** Default Constructor **/private HibernateSessionFactory() {}/** getSession():get one connection **/public static Session getSession() throws HibernateException { // 通过本地线程变量来获取SessionSession session = (Session) threadLocal.get();// 因为ThreadLocal未initialvalue()初始化，则值为null，第一次if (session == null || !session.isOpen()) {// 如果Session为空或者未打开连接则先通过类工厂重建Session即Connection，或者打开Sessionif (sessionFactory == null) {rebuildSessionFactory();}//openSession()--创建一个session//getCurrentSession()--得到当前的session//区别在于openSession()必须手动关闭sessionsession = (sessionFactory != null) ? sessionFactory.openSession(): null;threadLocal.set(session);}return session;}/** 类工厂创建类 **/public static void rebuildSessionFactory() {try {// config文件找到需要调用的文件configuration.configure(configFile);// Session创建(Hibernate内部类完成)sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();} catch (Exception e) {// 若创建不成功，则控制台输出提示System.err.println("%%%% Error Creating SessionFactory %%%%");e.printStackTrace();}}/** Close the connection */public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException {Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();threadLocal.set(null);if (session != null) {session.close();}}/** SessionFactory的属性get() */public static org.hibernate.SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {return sessionFactory;}/** SessionFactory的属性set() */public static void setConfigFile(String configFile) {HibernateSessionFactory.configFile = configFile;sessionFactory = null;}/** configuration的属性get(),set()无，常量已经指定值 */public static Configuration getConfiguration() {return configuration;}/** 事务开始 **/public static void beginTransaction() {Transaction ts = (Transaction) threadtrans.get();try {if (ts == null) {ts = getSession().beginTransaction();threadtrans.set(ts);}} catch (HibernateException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}/** 事务提交 **/public static void commitTransaction() {Transaction ts = (Transaction) threadtrans.get();try {if (ts != null && !ts.wasCommitted() && !ts.wasRolledBack()) {ts.commit();threadtrans.set(null);}} catch (HibernateException e) {rollbackTransaction();e.printStackTrace();}}/** 事务回滚 **/public static void rollbackTransaction() {Transaction ts = (Transaction) threadtrans.get();try {if (ts != null && !ts.wasCommitted() && !ts.wasRolledBack()) {ts.rollback();threadtrans.set(null);}} catch (HibernateException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}

    可以看到，HibernateSessionFactory类还需要一个Hibernate的配置文件，来共通完成对数据库的连接，配置文件名：hibernate.cfg.xml，放在src目录下，内容如下：

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"><!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools. --><hibernate-configuration><session-factory><!-- 连接数据库的参数 --><!-- 数据库类型 --><property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect </property><!-- 表示控制台是否输出所执行的SQL文 --><property name="show_sql">True</property><property name="proxool.pool_alias">sqlserver</property><property name="connection.provider_class">org.hibernate.connection.ProxoolConnectionProvider</property><property name="proxool.xml">proxool.xml</property><!-- Java类到数据库表的映射文件 --><mapping resource="com/hp/voo/Newtitles.hbm.xml" /></session-factory></hibernate-configuration>

    hibernate.cfg.xml中我们使用了连接池的技术，也需要个配置文件，文件名：proxool.xml，也同样放到src目录下，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><something-else-entirely><proxool><!-- 连接池别名 程序中需要调用 --><alias>sqlserver</alias><!-- 连接地址和库名 --><driver-url>jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://localhost:1433;databasename=pubs</driver-url><!-- 数据库驱动类，这里因为是SQLServer，所以使用的是添加的jar包里的驱动类 --><driver-class>net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver</driver-class><!-- 用户名 --><driver-properties><property name="user" value="sa"></property></driver-properties><!-- 最大连接数 --><maximum-connection-count>10</maximum-connection-count></proxool></something-else-entirely>

    在hibernate.cfg.xml中我们看到有个Java类到数据库表的映射文件，<mapping resource="com/hp/voo/Newtitles.hbm.xml" />，这个是配置数据库里的表对应程序中的POJO类的配置文件，新建个包，com.hp.voo,用来放需要用到的POJO类，首先就是数据表的映射类，类名：Newtitles，代码如下：

package com.hp.voo;import java.util.Date;/** * 同表名的映射类 * 数据类型都选用了对象类型，而没有使用基本数据类型，原因是属性和字段对应，只有对象才能 * 表示空值的概念，即数据库中的NULL。 * 另外，该对象实现了java.io.Serializable接口，表示这个对象能够进行串行化操作，例如保 * 存到硬盘、数据库或网络传输。 * */public class Newtitles implements java.io.Serializable {private String titleId;private String title;private String type;private String pubId;private Double price;private Double advance;private Integer royalty;private Integer ytdSales;private String notes;private Date pubdate;/** Default constructor */public Newtitles() {}/** Minimal constructor */public Newtitles(String titleId, String title, String type, Date pubdate) {this.titleId = titleId;this.title = title;this.type = type;this.pubdate = pubdate;}/** Full constructor */public Newtitles(String titleId, String title, String type, String pubId,Double price, Double advance, Integer royalty, Integer ytdSales,String notes, Date pubdate) {this.titleId = titleId;this.title = title;this.type = type;this.pubId = pubId;this.price = price;this.advance = advance;this.royalty = royalty;this.ytdSales = ytdSales;this.notes = notes;this.pubdate = pubdate;}public String getTitleId() {return titleId;}public void setTitleId(String titleId) {this.titleId = titleId;}public String getTitle() {return title;}public void setTitle(String title) {this.title = title;}public String getType() {return type;}public void setType(String type) {this.type = type;}public String getPubId() {return pubId;}public void setPubId(String pubId) {this.pubId = pubId;}public Double getPrice() {return price;}public void setPrice(Double price) {this.price = price;}public Double getAdvance() {return advance;}public void setAdvance(Double advance) {this.advance = advance;}public Integer getRoyalty() {return royalty;}public void setRoyalty(Integer royalty) {this.royalty = royalty;}public Integer getYtdSales() {return ytdSales;}public void setYtdSales(Integer ytdSales) {this.ytdSales = ytdSales;}public String getNotes() {return notes;}public void setNotes(String notes) {this.notes = notes;}public Date getPubdate() {return pubdate;}public void setPubdate(Date pubdate) {this.pubdate = pubdate;}}

    Newtitles.hbm.xml也放在com.hp.voo包中，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-mapping><!-- 映射类的类名，映射的表名，库名 --><!-- 描述了类属性和表字段之间的对应关系，正式有这个XML文件，才使得Hibernate的API --><!-- 函数可以把对象的操作自动转换为对数据库的SQL语句操作 --><class name="com.hp.voo.Newtitles" table="newtitles" schema="dbo"catalog="pubs"><!-- 各种映射 --><id name="titleId" type="java.lang.String"><column name="title_id" length="6" /><generator class="assigned" /></id><property name="title" type="java.lang.String"><column name="title" length="80" not-null="true" /></property><property name="type" type="java.lang.String"><column name="type" length="12" not-null="true" /></property><property name="pubId" type="java.lang.String"><column name="pub_id" length="4" /></property><property name="price" type="java.lang.Double"><column name="price" scale="4" /></property><property name="advance" type="java.lang.Double"><column name="advance" scale="4" /></property><property name="royalty" type="java.lang.Integer"><column name="royalty" /></property><property name="ytdSales" type="java.lang.Integer"><column name="ytd_sales" /></property><property name="notes" type="java.lang.String"><column name="notes" length="200" /></property><property name="pubdate" type="java.util.Date"><column name="pubdate" length="23" not-null="true" /></property></class></hibernate-mapping>

    同时，com.hp.voo包中，我们需要放入一个分页显示的POJO类，类中属性为分页所需的各种属性，譬如当前页码，总记录数，当前页的数据等等，类名：PageBean,代码如下：

package com.hp.voo;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;public class PageBean {private int allcount; //总记录数private int allpage; //总页数private int pagecode; //页码private int pagesize; //每页记录数private List data = new ArrayList(); //当前页数据public int getAllcount() {return allcount;}public void setAllcount(int allcount) {this.allcount = allcount;}public int getAllpage() {return allcount % pagesize == 0 ? allcount / pagesize : allcount/ pagesize + 1;}public List getData() {return data;}public void setData(List data) {this.data = data;}public int getPagecode() {return pagecode;}public void setPagecode(int pagecode) {this.pagecode = pagecode;}public int getPagesize() {return pagesize;}public void setPagesize(int pagesize) {this.pagesize = pagesize;}}

    然后新建包，com.hp.base,这个包中将存放所有增删改查以及分页的基础方法，通过用泛型的方式，使其成为任何业务Bean都可以使用的通用增删改查的基础类，为了实现面向接口编程，我们这个包里放入一个接口，和一个实现类，接口名：IGenericDao，代码如下：

package com.hp.base;import java.io.Serializable;import java.util.List;import com.hp.voo.PageBean;/** * DAO=Data Access Object(数据访问对象) DAO模式接口，定义DAO的CRUD操作的抽象方法，用泛型实现通用的DAO实现 * */public interface IGenericDao<T extends Serializable, ID extends Serializable> {// 增public T create(T entity);// 删public void delete(ID id);// 改public T update(T entity);// 查找所有记录public List<T> findAll();// 按ID查找public T findById(ID id);// 查找对象public List findByHQL(String hql, Object[] params);// 分页显示public PageBean findByPage(String hql, int pagecode, int pagesize,Object[] params);// 批量更新public void bulkUpdate(String hql, Object[] params);}

    实现类类名：GenericHibernateDao，代码如下：

package com.hp.base;import java.io.Serializable;import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import org.hibernate.Criteria;import org.hibernate.Query;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.criterion.Criterion;import com.hp.db.HibernateSessionFactory;import com.hp.voo.PageBean;/** * DAO=Data Access Object(数据访问对象) DAO模式方法，定义DAO的CRUD操作的实现方法，用泛型实现通用的DAO实现 * */public class GenericHibernateDao<T extends Serializable, ID extends Serializable>implements IGenericDao<T, ID> {// 持久化类private Class<T> persistentClass;public Class<T> getPersistentClass() {return persistentClass;}// 开始事务@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")public GenericHibernateDao() {this.persistentClass = (Class<T>) ((ParameterizedType) getClass().getGenericSuperclass()).getActualTypeArguments()[0];HibernateSessionFactory.beginTransaction();}// 增加public T create(T entity) {Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();session.save(entity);return entity;};// 删除public void delete(ID id) {Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();session.delete(findById(id));};// 修改public T update(T entity) {Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();session.update(entity);return entity;}// 查找所有记录public List<T> findAll() {return findByCreteria(new ArrayList<Criterion>());};// 内部使用条件查询方法@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")public List<T> findByCreteria(List<Criterion> criterion) {Criteria crit = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession().createCriteria(getPersistentClass());for (Criterion c : criterion) {crit.add(c);}return crit.list();}// 按主键查询@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")public T findById(ID id) {Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();T entity = (T) session.load(persistentClass, id);return entity;};// 按HQL查询@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")// 执行了未检查的转换时的警告，例如当使用集合时没有用泛型 (Generics) 来指定集合保存的类型。public List findByHQL(String hql, Object[] params) {Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();Query q = session.createQuery(hql);for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++)q.setParameter(i, params[i]);return q.list();};// 分页查询@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")public PageBean findByPage(String hql, int pagecode, int pagesize,Object[] params) {Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();PageBean pb = new PageBean();Query q = session.createQuery(hql);for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++)q.setParameter(i, params[i]);q.setMaxResults(pagesize);q.setFirstResult((pagecode - 1) * pagesize);pb.setData(q.list());q = session.createQuery("select count(*) "+ hql.substring(hql.toLowerCase().indexOf("from")));for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++)q.setParameter(i, params[i]);pb.setAllcount(Integer.parseInt(q.uniqueResult().toString()));pb.setPagecode(pagecode);pb.setPagesize(pagesize);return pb;};// 批量更新public void bulkUpdate(String hql, Object[] params) {Session session = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();HibernateSessionFactory.beginTransaction();Query q = session.createQuery(hql);for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++)q.setParameter(i, params[i]);q.executeUpdate();};}

    下面再建个包，com.hp.dao,此包为业务类包，即我们要做的所有业务，同样用接口和实现类的方式来写，同时要继承刚才com.hp.base包中的基础接口和类，dao包下接口名为ITitlesDao，代码如下：

package com.hp.dao;import java.util.List;import com.hp.voo.Newtitles;import com.hp.voo.PageBean;/** * 定义业务用到的DAO方法接口，继承了基础CRUD的业务接口 * */public interface ITitlesDao extends com.hp.base.IGenericDao<Newtitles, String> {//实现分页的方法public PageBean selectTitlesByPage(int pagecode, int pagesize);}

    实现类的类名为TitlesDaoImp，代码如下：

package com.hp.dao;import com.hp.base.GenericHibernateDao;import com.hp.voo.Newtitles;import com.hp.voo.PageBean;/** * 定义业务用到的DAO方法，继承了基础CRUD的业务方法 * */public class TitlesDaoImp extends GenericHibernateDao<Newtitles, String>implements ITitlesDao {// 实现分页的方法public PageBean selectTitlesByPage(int pagecode, int pagesize) {return this.findByPage("select a from Newtitles as a", pagecode,pagesize, new Object[] {});};}

    接下来新建包，com.hp.actions,我们在这里放入我们的业务action，类名CrudAction，代码如下：

package com.hp.actions;import com.hp.dao.ITitlesDao;import com.hp.dao.TitlesDaoImp;import com.hp.voo.Newtitles;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;@SuppressWarnings("serial")public class CrudAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<Newtitles> {//实例化POJOprivate Newtitles titles = new Newtitles();//DAO实现接口创建新业务实例private ITitlesDao td = new TitlesDaoImp();private int pagecode = 1;public int getPagecode() {return pagecode;}public void setPagecode(int pagecode) {this.pagecode = pagecode;}//获得POJO(页面同名)public Newtitles getModel() {return titles;}//返回分页数据public String bypage() throws Exception {ActionContext.getContext().put("tlist",td.selectTitlesByPage(pagecode, 5));return SUCCESS;}//添加新数据public String create() throws Exception {td.create(titles);return bypage();}//删除public String delete() throws Exception {td.delete(titles.getTitleId());return bypage();}//更新public String update() throws Exception {td.update(titles);return bypage();}//更新页面public String preupdate() throws Exception {Newtitles t = td.findById(titles.getTitleId());titles.setTitle(t.getTitle());titles.setPrice(t.getPrice());titles.setType(t.getType());titles.setPubdate(t.getPubdate());return "input";}//添加页面public String precreate() throws Exception {return "input";}}

    继续新建个包，com.hp.filters,此包下放入所有的过滤器，我们主要是为了让页面提交时事务能自动提交然后关闭Session，所以使用它，过滤器名：SessionFilter2，代码如下：

package com.hp.filters;import java.io.IOException;import javax.servlet.Filter;import javax.servlet.FilterChain;import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import com.hp.db.HibernateSessionFactory;public class SessionFilter2 extends HttpServlet implements Filter {public SessionFilter2() {// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}public void destroy() {// TODO Auto-generated method stub}public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1,FilterChain arg2) throws IOException, ServletException {try {arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);HibernateSessionFactory.commitTransaction();} catch (Exception e) {HibernateSessionFactory.rollbackTransaction();} finally {HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();}}public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {// TODO Auto-generated method stub}}

    src下的包都建完了，最后一项需要写struts.xml文件，目录也是src下，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"><struts> <!-- Action实例的产生由spring负责 --> <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring"/> <package name="default" extends="struts-default"> <action name="crud" class="crudBySpring"> <result>/TitlesList.jsp</result> <result name="input">/AddTitles.jsp</result> </action> </package></struts>

    注意，里面多了一句使用Spring实例Action的命令，而且class="crudBySpring"一句如果不用Spring的话，需要写的是Action的路径，现在使用了Spring的话，只需要定义个名字跟Spring里的配置文件里的某个名字相同，会自动去找到Spring里同名的属性里的Action的路径，我们看到Spring的作用其实就是截了一下Action的创建的过程。

    下面是spring的配置文件，文件名：applicationContext.xml，目录在WEB-INF下，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd"> <!-- Action对应的bean prototype多实例 --> <bean id="crudBySpring" class="com.hp.actions.CrudAction" scope="prototype"/></beans>

    最后就差页面和web.xml文件了，代码如下：

    index.jsp:

    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=windows-31j" pageEncoding="windows-31j"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><link href="haha.css" mce_href="haha.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><head><!-- the way to use meta:http://baike.baidu.com/view/953191.htm --><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="1;url=crud!bypage.action"></head><body><form><h1>Loading...</h1></form></body></html>

    TitlesList.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=windows-31j" pageEncoding="windows-31j"%> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%><%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" prefix="fmt"%><html><head><title>Insert title here</title></head><body> <h1>Select the book</h1> <table border="1" frame="box"> <tr><td>Book ID</td><td>Book NM</td><td>Type</td><td>Price</td><td>Date</td><td>Do something</td></tr> <c:forEach var="title" items="${tlist.data}"> <tr><td>${title.titleId}</td> <td>${title.title}</td> <td>${title.type}</td> <fmt:formatNumber var="p" pattern="0.00" value="${title.price}"></fmt:formatNumber> <td>${p}</td> <fmt:formatDate var="d" pattern="yyyy/MM/dd" value="${title.pubdate}"></fmt:formatDate> <td>${d}</td><td><a href="crud!delete.action?titleId=${title.titleId}" mce_href="crud!delete.action?titleId=${title.titleId}">Delete</a>  <a href="crud!preupdate.action?titleId=${title.titleId}" mce_href="crud!preupdate.action?titleId=${title.titleId}">Update</a></td></tr> </c:forEach> </table> <!-- 这里是分页显示的代码 --> <c:forEach begin="1" end="${tlist.allpage}" var="i"> <c:if test="${i==tlist.pagecode}"> ${i} </c:if> <c:if test="${i!=tlist.pagecode}"> <a href="crud!bypage.action?pagecode=${i}" mce_href="crud!bypage.action?pagecode=${i}">${i}</a> </c:if> </c:forEach>   Count:${tlist.allcount};${tlist.pagecode}/${tlist.allpage}; <br> <input type="button" name="btn" value="Add" onclick="location.href='crud!precreate.action'"></body></html><mce:script type="text/javascript"></mce:script>

    AddTitles.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=windows-31j" pageEncoding="windows-31j"%><%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s" %><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><title>Insert title here</title><s:head /></head><body> <h1><span id="act">Add</span> Boooks</h1> <s:form action="crud!create.action" method="post" onsubmit="return check()"> <s:textfield label="Book No" name="titleId"></s:textfield><br> <s:textfield label="Book Name" name="title"></s:textfield><br> <s:textfield label="Book Type" name="type"></s:textfield><br> <s:textfield label="Unit Price" name="price"></s:textfield><br> <s:textfield label="pubDate" name="pubdate"></s:textfield><br> <s:submit name="subm" value="Add"></s:submit> </s:form></body></html><s:if test="titleId!=null"> <mce:script type="text/javascript"><!-- document.forms[0].subm.value="Update"; document.forms[0].action="crud!update.action"; document.forms[0].titleId.readOnly=true; act.innerText="Update"; // --></mce:script></s:if><mce:script type="text/javascript"><!-- function check() { if(document.forms[0].titleId.value=="") { alert("Book ID can't be null!"); return false; } if(document.forms[0].title.value=="") { alert("Book Name can't be null!"); return false; } if(document.forms[0].type.value=="") { alert("Book Type can't be null!"); return false; } if(document.forms[0].price.value=="") { alert("Unit Price can't be null!"); return false; } if(document.forms[0].pubdate.value=="") { alert("Publish Date can't be null!"); return false; } return true; }// --></mce:script>

    web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app id="WebApp_9" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"><filter><filter-name>struts2</filter-name><filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class></filter><!-- 配置过滤器，自动调用提交事务和关闭Session的代码 --><filter><filter-name>SessionFilter2</filter-name><filter-class>com.hp.filters.SessionFilter2</filter-class></filter><filter-mapping><filter-name>SessionFilter2</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping><filter-mapping><filter-name>struts2</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping><!-- Spring listenner --><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener></web-app>

搞定收工。。。