.net 中的 HttpWebRequest 和 HttpWebResponse 类发送客户端证书

当在 Web 服务器需要一个使用 HttpWebRequest 和 HttpWebResponse 类时，您可以发送客户端证书。若要获取可用于通过使用HttpWebRequest 类发送客户端证书的证书，使用下列方法之一：

方法 1

使用 x509 证书 类来读取该证书从一个.cer 文件，然后设置 ClientCertificates 属性。

方法 2

使用 CryptoAPI 调用来获得证书从证书存储区，然后将 x509 证书 类设置为您接收到来自证书存储区的证书。然后，您可以设置ClientCertificates 属性。

发送客户端证书的要求

在使用 ASP.NET 应用程序，请确保完成以下要求：

• LOCAL_MACHINE 注册表配置单元中，而不是在 CURRENT_USER 注册表配置单元，必须安装客户端证书。若要确认客户端证书的安装位置，请按照下列步骤操作：
  1. 单击 开始、 单击 运行，键入 mmc，然后单击 确定。
  2. 在 文件 菜单上单击 添加/删除管理单元。
  3. 在 添加/删除管理单元 对话框中单击 添加。
  4. 在 添加独立管理单元 对话框中单击 证书，然后单击 添加。
  5. 在 证书管理单元 对话框中单击 计算机帐户，然后单击 下一步
  6. 选择计算机 对话框中单击 完成。
  7. 在 添加独立管理单元 对话框中单击 关闭，然后单击 确定。
  8. 展开 证书 （本地计算机），展开 个人，然后单击 证书。
  在右窗格中应列出该客户端证书。
• 您必须授予 ASP.NET 用户私人密钥以便客户端证书的帐户权限。若要为 ASP.NET 用户帐户权限的客户端证书的私钥，使用 $ WinHttpCertCfg.exe 工具。有关详细的信息请单击下面的文章编号，以查看 Microsoft 知识库中相应的文章：
  823193  (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/823193/ ) 如何获得 Windows HTTP 5.1 证书和跟踪工具
  有关如何使用此工具，请访问下面的 Microsoft 开发人员网络 (MSDN) 的网站的详细信息：
  WinHttpCertCfg.exe，证书配置工具 http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384088.aspx (http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384088.aspx)

使用.cer 文件

方法 1 会更易于使用，但方法要求您拥有一个.cer 文件。如果您没有安装的.cer 文件，使用 Microsoft Internet 资源管理器导出.cer 文件。

下面的源代码介绍如何获取证书的.cer 文件可以使用与 HttpWebRequest class.

//Uncomment the following code if you need a proxy. The boolean true is used to bypass the local address.
//WebProxy proxyObject = new WebProxy("Your Proxy value",true); 
//GlobalProxySelection.Select = proxyObject;

// Obtain the certificate. 
try
{
    //You must change the path to point to your .cer file location. 
    X509Certificate Cert = X509Certificate.CreateFromCertFile("C://mycert.cer");
    // Handle any certificate errors on the certificate from the server.
    ServicePointManager.CertificatePolicy = new CertPolicy();
    // You must change the URL to point to your Web server.
    HttpWebRequest Request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("https://YourServer/sample.asp");
    Request.ClientCertificates.Add(Cert);
    Request.UserAgent = "Client Cert Sample";
    Request.Method = "GET";
    HttpWebResponse Response = (HttpWebResponse)Request.GetResponse();
    // Print the repsonse headers.
    Console.WriteLine("{0}",Response.Headers);
    Console.WriteLine();
    // Get the certificate data.
    StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(Response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.Default);
    int count;
    char [] ReadBuf = new char[1024];
    do
    {
        count = sr.Read(ReadBuf, 0, 1024);
        if (0 != count)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(new string(ReadBuf));
        }
                        
    }while(count > 0);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
    Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
    

//Implement the ICertificatePolicy interface.
class CertPolicy: ICertificatePolicy
{
    public bool CheckValidationResult(ServicePoint srvPoint, 
X509Certificate certificate, WebRequest request, int certificateProblem)
    {
        // You can do your own certificate checking.
        // You can obtain the error values from WinError.h.

        // Return true so that any certificate will work with this sample.
        return true;
    }
}

 

使用 CryptoAPI 调用

如果您必须获取该证书从证书存储区，CryptoAPI 函数用于获取该的证书，然后将其存储在 x509 证书 的类对象。X509CertificateCollection 类枚举存储区中的所有证书，然后将其置于 X509CertificateCollection 类对象中。

如果您要获取某个特定证书，必须更改类代码使用 CertFindCertificateInStore 函数获取特定的证书。此函数被声明 Wincrypt.h 文件中。 或者，您可以枚举 X509CertificateCollection 函数来查找所需的证书。

下面的代码示例使用从 CertEnumCertificatesInStore 函数返回的集合中的第一个证书

 

 

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace SelectClientCert
{
    /// Sample that describes how how to select client cetificate and send it to the server.

    class MyCerts{

        private static int CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM = 10;
        private static int CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_CURRENT_USER = (1 << 16);
        ///private static int CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_LOCAL_MACHINE = (2 << 16);

        [DllImport("CRYPT32", EntryPoint="CertOpenStore", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
        public static extern IntPtr CertOpenStore(
            int storeProvider, int encodingType,
            int hcryptProv, int flags, string pvPara);

        [DllImport("CRYPT32", EntryPoint="CertEnumCertificatesInStore", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
        public static extern IntPtr CertEnumCertificatesInStore(
            IntPtr storeProvider,
            IntPtr prevCertContext);

        [DllImport("CRYPT32", EntryPoint="CertCloseStore", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]
        public static extern bool CertCloseStore(
            IntPtr storeProvider,
            int flags);
        
        X509CertificateCollection m_certs;

        public MyCerts(){
            m_certs = new X509CertificateCollection();
        }

        public int Init()
        {
            IntPtr storeHandle;
            storeHandle = CertOpenStore(CERT_STORE_PROV_SYSTEM, 0, 0, CERT_SYSTEM_STORE_CURRENT_USER, "MY");
            IntPtr currentCertContext;
            currentCertContext = CertEnumCertificatesInStore(storeHandle, (IntPtr)0);
            int i = 0;
            while (currentCertContext != (IntPtr)0) 
            {
                m_certs.Insert(i++, new X509Certificate(currentCertContext));
                currentCertContext = CertEnumCertificatesInStore(storeHandle, currentCertContext);
            }
            CertCloseStore(storeHandle, 0);

            return m_certs.Count;
        }
        
        public X509Certificate this [int index]
        {
            get 
            {
                // Check the index limits.
                if (index < 0 || index > m_certs.Count)
                    return null;
                else
                    return m_certs[index];
            }
        }
    };
    class MyHttpResource
    {
        String m_url;

        public MyHttpResource(string url){
            m_url = url;
        }

        public void GetFile(){

            HttpWebResponse  result = null;

            try{
            
                HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(m_url);
                req.Credentials  = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;

                ///Method1
                //req.ClientCertificates.Add(X509Certificate.CreateFromCertFile("D://Temp//cert//c1.cer"));
        
                ///Method2
                ///Uses interop services
                MyCerts mycert = new MyCerts();
                if(mycert.Init() > 0)
                    req.ClientCertificates.Add(mycert[0]);

                result = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();
                
                Stream ReceiveStream = result.GetResponseStream();
                Encoding encode = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8");

                StreamReader sr = new StreamReader( ReceiveStream, encode );
                Console.WriteLine("/r/nResponse stream received");

                Char[] read = new Char[256];
                int count = sr.Read( read, 0, 256 );

                Console.WriteLine("HTTP Response.../r/n");
                while (count > 0) 
                {
                    String str = new String(read, 0, count);
                    Console.Write(str);
                    count = sr.Read(read, 0, 256);
                }

            } 
            catch(WebException e) 
            {
            
                Console.WriteLine("/r/nError:");
                #if (DEBUG)
                    Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
                #else        
                    Console.WriteLine(e.Message);                 
                #endif

            } 
            finally 
            {
                if ( result != null ) {
                    result.Close();
                }
            }
                
        }
    
    }

    class CertSample
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                if (args.Length < 1)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("No url is entered to download, returning./n");
                    Console.WriteLine("Usage: CertSample <urltoget>/n");
                    Console.WriteLine("  e.g: CertSample https://servername /n"); 

                    return;
                }

                MyHttpResource hr = new MyHttpResource(args[0]);
                hr.GetFile();
            }
            catch(Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }
            return;
        }
    }
}

 

有关更多的信息，请访问下面的 Microsoft 开发人员网络 (MSDN) 的网站：

x509 证书类
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.security.cryptography.x509certificates.x509certificate(vs.71).aspx(http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.security.cryptography.x509certificates.x509certificate(vs.71).aspx)

平台 SDK： 加密
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa380255.aspx