使用SqlBulkCopy类批量复制数据到数据库表中

在不同数据源之间转移数据是一个常见的开发任务。如果你应用过SQL Server，就会熟悉bcp（批量复制）命令。

它允许你快速将大型文件批量复制到SQL Server表或视图中。在.NET Framework 1.1中，可以通过SqlCommand对象利用bcp，但.NET Framework 2.0中增加了SqlBulkCopy类来简化这个繁琐的过程。

下面讲解了三种格式(.dbf;.xls;.txt)的文件中的数据批量复制到表中    
   1.在解决方案引用中添加 Microsoft.Data.Odbc.dll
   2.在前台页面中添加

<DIV><INPUT id="myFile" style="WIDTH: 227px; HEIGHT: 26px" type="file" size="18" name="myFile" runat="server"></DIV>

   3.后台cs中添加

using Microsoft.Data.Odbc;using System.Data.OleDb;

  实现数据批量复制的方法

private void Copy() { string nam = myFile.PostedFile.FileName; if (nam.Length != 0) { int i = nam.LastIndexOf("//"); string newnm = nam.Substring(i); int j = newnm.LastIndexOf("."); string filename = newnm.Substring(1, j - 1); string vsFilePath = nam.Substring(0, i); string wjlx = newnm.Substring(j, newnm.Length - j); string constr = ""; string sqlstr = ""; string connectionString = "Data Source=(local); Initial Catalog=Text;User ID=sa;Password=sa; Persist Security Info=False"; if (wjlx.ToLower() == ".dbf")//dbf文件 { constr = "Driver={Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver};SourceType=DBF;SourceDB=" + vsFilePath; sqlstr = "select * from " + filename; using (OdbcConnection sourceConnection = new OdbcConnection(constr)) { sourceConnection.Open(); OdbcCommand ocomm = new OdbcCommand(sqlstr, sourceConnection); OdbcDataReader reader = ocomm.ExecuteReader(); using (SqlConnection destinationConnection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { destinationConnection.Open(); using (SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(connectionString)) { //文件filename中的列与表DPM1中的列进行对应 //第一个参数为filename中的字段 //第二个参数为DPM1中的字段 bulkCopy.ColumnMappings.Add("odate", "odate1"); bulkCopy.ColumnMappings.Add("currencyid", "currencyid1"); bulkCopy.ColumnMappings.Add("branchid", "branchid1"); bulkCopy.ColumnMappings.Add("costid", "costid1"); //DPM1为目标表 bulkCopy.DestinationTableName = "DPM1"; try { // Write from the source to the destination. bulkCopy.WriteToServer(reader); } catch (Exception ex) { Response.Write("<mce:script language=/"/"><!--window.alert(/"bulkcopy=" + ex.Message.ToString() + "/");// --></mce:script>"); return; } finally { reader.Close(); } } } } } else { if (wjlx.ToLower() == ".xls" || wjlx.ToLower() == ".txt") { if (wjlx.ToLower() == ".xls")//excel文件 { constr = @"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" + vsFilePath + newnm + ";Extended Properties='Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1'"; sqlstr = "select * from [sheet1$]"; } else//txt文件 { constr = @"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" + vsFilePath + ";Extended Properties='text;HDR=Yes;FMT=Delimited;IMEX=1;'"; sqlstr = "select * from " + filename + "#txt"; } using (OleDbConnection sourceConnection = new OleDbConnection(constr)) { sourceConnection.Open(); OleDbCommand ocomm = new OleDbCommand(sqlstr, sourceConnection); OleDbDataReader reader = ocomm.ExecuteReader(); using (SqlConnection destinationConnection = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { destinationConnection.Open(); using (SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(connectionString)) { //文件filename中的列与表DPM1中的列进行对应 //第一个参数为filename中的字段 //第二个参数为DPM1中的字段 bulkCopy.ColumnMappings.Add("odate", "odate1"); bulkCopy.ColumnMappings.Add("currencyid", "currencyid1"); bulkCopy.ColumnMappings.Add("branchid", "branchid1"); bulkCopy.ColumnMappings.Add("costid", "costid1"); //DPM1为目标表 bulkCopy.DestinationTableName = "DPM1"; try { // Write from the source to the destination. bulkCopy.WriteToServer(reader); } catch (Exception ex) { Response.Write("<mce:script language=/"/"><!--window.alert(/"bulkcopy=" + ex.Message.ToString() + "/");// --></mce:script>"); return; } finally { reader.Close(); } } } } } } } }

 

 

注意：在使用Sqlbulkcopy把txt中的数据保存到数据库表时，还存在两点问题，一是txt中的间隔符要为逗号，当间隔符为其它符号时会报错,二是若txt中的数据前面带有零，当复制到表中后这些零会消失，例如，若currencyid的值为“01”，则表中对应项currencyid1的值为“1”