如何用C#来部署数据库

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现在好多程序，都是与数据库相关的，因此在做安装的时候，部署数据库看似是一件很复杂的事情。其实就我个人而言，部署数据库是很简单，大致的思路如下：

1．用本身的DBMS来产生数据库创建的SQL脚本；

2．接下来就是写程序来执行SQL脚本，从而达到创建数据库的目的。

以下用一个举例来说明，数据库服务器用的是SQL Server。

首先要在数据库生成好的SQL脚本最前头，加入如下语句：

use master

if exists (select * from sysdatabases where name='mytest')

drop database mytest

create database mytest

use mytest

注：其中“mytest”是要创建的数据库名。

而程序的代码如下：

//---------------------------Create DB-------------------------------------

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------

//---File:frmCreateDB.cs

//---Description:The main form file to create database using specific SQL file

//---Author:Knight

//---Date:Mar.18, 2006

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------

//-------------------------{ Create DB }-----------------------------------

using System;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Collections;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Data;

using System.Data.SqlClient;

using System.IO;

namespace CreateDB

{

/// <summary>

/// Summary description for frmCreateDB.

/// </summary>

public class frmCreateDB : System.Windows.Forms.Form

{

private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;

private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtServerName;

private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;

private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3;

private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtUserName;

private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtPassword;

private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnCreateDB;

/// <summary>

/// Required designer variable.

/// </summary>

private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;

public frmCreateDB()

{

// Required for Windows Form Designer support

InitializeComponent();

// TODO: Add any constructor code after InitializeComponent call

}

/// <summary>

/// Clean up any resources being used.

/// </summary>

protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )

{

if( disposing )

{

if (components != null)

{

components.Dispose();

}

base.Dispose( disposing );

}

#region Windows Form Designer generated code

/// <summary>

/// Required method for Designer support - do not modify

/// the contents of this method with the code editor.

/// </summary>

private void InitializeComponent()

{

this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

this.txtServerName = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();

this.txtUserName = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();

this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

this.txtPassword = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();

this.label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

this.btnCreateDB = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

this.SuspendLayout();

// label1

this.label1.AutoSize = true;

this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(32, 32);

this.label1.Name = "label1";

this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(74, 16);

this.label1.TabIndex = 0;

this.label1.Text = "Server Name:";

// txtServerName

this.txtServerName.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 32);

this.txtServerName.Name = "txtServerName";

this.txtServerName.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20);

this.txtServerName.TabIndex = 1;

this.txtServerName.Text = "";

// txtUserName

this.txtUserName.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 64);

this.txtUserName.Name = "txtUserName";

this.txtUserName.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20);

this.txtUserName.TabIndex = 3;

this.txtUserName.Text = "";

// label2

this.label2.AutoSize = true;

this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(40, 64);

this.label2.Name = "label2";

this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(64, 16);

this.label2.TabIndex = 2;

this.label2.Text = "User Name:";

// txtPassword

this.txtPassword.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 96);

this.txtPassword.Name = "txtPassword";

this.txtPassword.PasswordChar = '*';

this.txtPassword.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20);

this.txtPassword.TabIndex = 5;

this.txtPassword.Text = "";

// label3

this.label3.AutoSize = true;

this.label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(48, 96);

this.label3.Name = "label3";

this.label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(57, 16);

this.label3.TabIndex = 4;

this.label3.Text = "Password:";

// btnCreateDB

this.btnCreateDB.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(168, 136);

this.btnCreateDB.Name = "btnCreateDB";

this.btnCreateDB.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(104, 23);

this.btnCreateDB.TabIndex = 6;

this.btnCreateDB.Text = "&Create DB";

this.btnCreateDB.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnCreateDB_Click);

// frmCreateDB

this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);

this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(306, 175);

this.Controls.Add(this.btnCreateDB);

this.Controls.Add(this.txtPassword);

this.Controls.Add(this.label3);

this.Controls.Add(this.txtUserName);

this.Controls.Add(this.label2);

this.Controls.Add(this.txtServerName);

this.Controls.Add(this.label1);

this.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.FixedSingle;

this.MaximizeBox = false;

this.Name = "frmCreateDB";

this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;

this.Text = "Create DB";

this.ResumeLayout(false);

}

#endregion

/// <summary>

/// The main entry point for the application.

/// </summary>

[STAThread]

static void Main()

{

Application.Run(new frmCreateDB());

}

private void btnCreateDB_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)

{

SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection();

sqlConn.ConnectionString = "Data Source= " + txtServerName.Text + ";"

+ " User id=" + txtUserName.Text + ";"

+ " Password=" + txtPassword.Text + "; Initial Catalog=master";

try

{

sqlConn.Open();

}

catch

{

MessageBox.Show( "Failed to connect to DB!" );

return;

}

//Create DB using specific file

CreateDB( ref sqlConn );

sqlConn.Close();

sqlConn.Dispose();

}

private bool ReadSQLFromFile(out string strQuery)

{

const string strFileName = "DBFile.sql";//Give specific SQL file

strQuery = ""; //Init return value

if( File.Exists(strFileName) )

{

StreamReader sr = File.OpenText(strFileName);

strQuery = sr.ReadToEnd();

sr.Close();

return true;

}

else

return false;

}

private bool CreateDB( ref SqlConnection sqlConn )

{

string strQuery;

if( ReadSQLFromFile( out strQuery ) )

{

strQuery = strQuery.Replace( "/r/n", " " );

strQuery = strQuery.Replace( " GO ", " ; " );

SqlCommand sqlComm = new SqlCommand( strQuery, sqlConn );

try

{

sqlComm.ExecuteNonQuery();

return true;

}

catch( SqlException sqlErr )

{

MessageBox.Show( sqlErr.Message );

}

catch

{

}

sqlComm.Dispose();

}

return true;

}

要注意的是在SQL脚本中的“/r/n”，在SQLCommand中是无法识别，因此要替换为空格；其次“GO” 在SQLCommand中也是无法识别，但为了使每条语句都执行，因此我在这里，用“；”来替换。

注：程序的位置和SQL脚本文件的位置为同一目录下，如果觉得不方便的话，可以在我的基础上再延伸。