DirectX 中的光照

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DirectX 中的光照

给一个场景添加光照的步骤为：
（1）激活光照模型
（2）为每一个物体创建材质，并在渲染前设置相应的材质
（3）创建光源
（4）打开光照状态，如镜面高光等。
源代码：
litPyramid.cpp

Code:

#include "d3dUtility.h"
//
// Globals
//
IDirect3DDevice9* Device = 0;
const int Width = 640;
const int Height = 480;
IDirect3DVertexBuffer9* Pyramid = 0;
/*
Classes and structures
*/
//定义Vertex 类型
struct Vertex
{
Vertex(){}
Vertex(float x,float y,float z,
float nx,float ny,float nz)
{
_x = x ; _y = y ;_z= z;
_nx = nx;_ny = ny; _nz = nz;
}
float _x,_y,_z;
float _nx,_ny,_nz;
static const DWORD FVF;
};
const DWORD Vertex::FVF =D3DFVF_XYZ|D3DFVF_NORMAL;
//
// Framework Functions
//
bool Setup()
{
//开启光照
Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING,true);
//为Pyramid创建vertex buffer
Device->CreateVertexBuffer(
12*sizeof(Vertex),
D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY,
Vertex::FVF,
D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
&Pyramid,
0);
//用Pyramid数据填充vertex buffer
Vertex* v;
Pyramid->Lock(0,0,(void**)&v,0);
v[0] = Vertex(-1.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.707f, -0.707f);
v[1] = Vertex( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.707f, -0.707f);
v[2] = Vertex( 1.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.707f, -0.707f);
// left face
v[3] = Vertex(-1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.707f, 0.707f, 0.0f);
v[4] = Vertex( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -0.707f, 0.707f, 0.0f);
v[5] = Vertex(-1.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, -0.707f, 0.707f, 0.0f);
// right face
v[6] = Vertex( 1.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.707f, 0.707f, 0.0f);
v[7] = Vertex( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.707f, 0.707f, 0.0f);
v[8] = Vertex( 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.707f, 0.707f, 0.0f);
// back face
v[9] = Vertex( 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.707f, 0.707f);
v[10] = Vertex( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.707f, 0.707f);
v[11] = Vertex(-1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.707f, 0.707f);
Pyramid->Unlock();
// 创建和设置材质
D3DMATERIAL9 mtrl;
mtrl.Ambient = d3d::WHITE;
mtrl.Diffuse = d3d::WHITE;
mtrl.Specular = d3d::WHITE;
mtrl.Emissive = d3d::BLACK;
mtrl.Power = 5.0f;
Device->SetMaterial(&mtrl);
//设置一个直线光源
D3DLIGHT9 dir;
::ZeroMemory(&dir,sizeof(dir));
dir.Type = D3DLIGHT_DIRECTIONAL;
dir.Diffuse = d3d::WHITE;
dir.Ambient = d3d::WHITE*0.6f;
dir.Specular = d3d::WHITE*0.3f;
dir.Direction = D3DXVECTOR3(1.0f,0,0);
//设置，开放灯光,使用灯光
Device->SetLight(0,&dir);
Device->LightEnable(0,true);
//设置渲染状态，重新计算法线方向，打开镜面光
Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_NORMALIZENORMALS,true);
Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SPECULARENABLE,true);
//设置camera 位置
D3DXVECTOR3 pos(0.0f,1.0f,-3.0f);
D3DXVECTOR3 target(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f);
D3DXVECTOR3 up(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);
D3DXMATRIX View;
D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&View,&pos,&target,&up);
Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW,&View);
//设置投影矩阵
D3DXMATRIX proj;
D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(
&proj,
D3DX_PI *0.5f,
(float)Width/(float)Height,
1.0f,
1000.0f);
Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION,&proj);
return true;
}
void Cleanup()
{
//清理创建的buffer
d3d::Release<IDirect3DVertexBuffer9* >(Pyramid);
}
bool Display(float timeDelta)
{
if (Device)
{
D3DXMATRIX yRot;
static float y = 0.0f;
D3DXMatrixRotationY(&yRot,y);
y+= timeDelta;
if (y>6.28f)
{
y = 0.0f;
}
Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD,&yRot);
// 绘制场景
Device->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET|D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER,
0x00000000,1.0f,0);
Device->BeginScene();
Device->SetStreamSource(0,Pyramid, 0, sizeof(Vertex));
Device->SetFVF(Vertex::FVF);
Device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 4);
Device->EndScene();
Device->Present(0,0,0,0);
}
return true;
}
//回调函数
LRESULT CALLBACK d3d::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch( msg )
{
case WM_DESTROY:
::PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE )
::DestroyWindow(hwnd);
break;
}
return ::DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
//
// 主函数
//
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance,
HINSTANCE prevInstance,
PSTR cmdLine,
int showCmd)
{
if(!d3d::InitD3D(hinstance,
Width, Height, true, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &Device))
{
::MessageBox(0, _T("InitD3D() - FAILED"), 0, 0);
return 0;
}
if(!Setup())
{
::MessageBox(0, _T("Setup() - FAILED"), 0, 0);
return 0;
}
d3d::EnterMsgLoop( Display );
Cleanup();
Device->Release();
return 0;
}

d3dUtility.h

Code:

#include "d3dx9.h"
#include "d3d9.h"
#include <tchar.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include<Windows.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"d3dx9.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"d3d9.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")
namespace d3d
{
bool InitD3D(
HINSTANCE hInstance, // [in] Application instance.
int width, int height, // [in] Backbuffer dimensions.
bool windowed, // [in] Windowed (true)or full screen (false).
D3DDEVTYPE deviceType, // [in] HAL or REF
IDirect3DDevice9** device);// [out]The created device.
int EnterMsgLoop(
bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta));
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
HWND hwnd,
UINT msg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam);
template<class T> void Release(T t)
{
if( t )
{
t->Release();
t = 0;
}
}
template<class T> void Delete(T t)
{
if( t )
{
delete t;
t = 0;
}
}
const D3DXCOLOR WHITE( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255) );
const D3DXCOLOR BLACK( D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0, 0, 0) );
const D3DXCOLOR RED( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 0) );
const D3DXCOLOR GREEN( D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0, 255, 0) );
const D3DXCOLOR BLUE( D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0, 0, 255) );
const D3DXCOLOR YELLOW( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 0) );
const D3DXCOLOR CYAN( D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0, 255, 255) );
const D3DXCOLOR MAGENTA( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 255) );
//
// Lights
//
D3DLIGHT9 InitDirectionalLight(D3DXVECTOR3* direction, D3DXCOLOR* color);
D3DLIGHT9 InitPointLight(D3DXVECTOR3* position, D3DXCOLOR* color);
D3DLIGHT9 InitSpotLight(D3DXVECTOR3* position, D3DXVECTOR3* direction, D3DXCOLOR* color);
//
// Materials
//
D3DMATERIAL9 InitMtrl(D3DXCOLOR a, D3DXCOLOR d, D3DXCOLOR s, D3DXCOLOR e, float p);
const D3DMATERIAL9 WHITE_MTRL = InitMtrl(WHITE, WHITE, WHITE, BLACK, 2.0f);
const D3DMATERIAL9 RED_MTRL = InitMtrl(RED, RED, RED, BLACK, 2.0f);
const D3DMATERIAL9 GREEN_MTRL = InitMtrl(GREEN, GREEN, GREEN, BLACK, 2.0f);
const D3DMATERIAL9 BLUE_MTRL = InitMtrl(BLUE, BLUE, BLUE, BLACK, 2.0f);
const D3DMATERIAL9 YELLOW_MTRL = InitMtrl(YELLOW, YELLOW, YELLOW, BLACK, 2.0f);
}

d3dUtility.cpp

Code:

#include "d3dutility.h"
bool d3d::InitD3D(HINSTANCE hInstance,
int width,
int height,
bool windowed,
D3DDEVTYPE deviceType,
IDirect3DDevice9 ** device)
{
//创建应用程序主窗口
WNDCLASS wc;
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)d3d::WndProc;
wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
wc.hInstance = hInstance;
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION);
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(0, IDC_ARROW);
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wc.lpszMenuName = 0;
wc.lpszClassName = _T("Direct3D9App");
if (!RegisterClass(&wc))
{
::MessageBox(0,_T("RegisterClass() ---error"),0,0);
return false;
}
HWND hwnd = 0;
hwnd = ::CreateWindow(_T("Direct3D9App"), _T("Direct3D9App"),
WS_EX_TOPMOST,
0, 0, width, height,
0 /*parent hwnd*/, 0 /* menu */, hInstance, 0 /*extra*/);
if (!hwnd)
{
::MessageBox(0,_T("CreateWindow()--error"),0,0);
return false;
}
::ShowWindow(hwnd,SW_SHOW);
::UpdateWindow(hwnd);
//初始化 D3D
HRESULT hr = 0;
//创建IDirect3D9 对象
IDirect3D9 *d3d9 = 0;
d3d9 = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
if (!d3d9)
{
::MessageBox(0,_T("error"),0,0);
return false;
}
// 检测硬件支持
D3DCAPS9 caps ;
d3d9->GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,deviceType,&caps);
int vp= 0;
if (caps.DeviceType & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT)
{
vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
}
else
{
vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
}
// 填充D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS struct
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = width;
d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = height;
d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;
d3dpp.BackBufferCount = 1;
d3dpp.MultiSampleType = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;
d3dpp.MultiSampleQuality = 0;
d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hwnd;
d3dpp.Windowed = windowed;
d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true;
d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D24S8;
d3dpp.Flags = 0;
d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = D3DPRESENT_RATE_DEFAULT;
d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;
//创建设备
hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(
D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, // primary adapter
deviceType, // device type
hwnd, // window associated with device
vp, // vertex processing
&d3dpp, // present parameters
device);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
// try again using a 16-bit depth buffer
d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(
D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
deviceType,
hwnd,
vp,
&d3dpp,
device);
if( FAILED(hr) )
{
d3d9->Release(); // done with d3d9 object
::MessageBox(0, _T("CreateDevice() - FAILED"), 0, 0);
return false;
}
}
d3d9->Release(); // done with d3d9 object
return true;
}
int d3d::EnterMsgLoop( bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta) )
{
MSG msg;
::ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));
static float lastTime = (float)timeGetTime();
while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if(::PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
::TranslateMessage(&msg);
::DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
else
{
float currTime = (float)timeGetTime();
float timeDelta = (currTime - lastTime)*0.001f;
ptr_display(timeDelta);
lastTime = currTime;
}
}
return msg.wParam;
}
D3DLIGHT9 d3d::InitDirectionalLight(D3DXVECTOR3* direction ,D3DXCOLOR* color)
{
D3DLIGHT9 light;
::ZeroMemory(&light,sizeof(light));
light.Type = D3DLIGHT_DIRECTIONAL;
light.Ambient = *color*0.6f;
light.Diffuse = *color;
light.Specular = *color*0.0f;
light.Direction = *direction;
return light;
}
D3DLIGHT9 d3d::InitPointLight(D3DXVECTOR3* position ,D3DXCOLOR* color)
{
D3DLIGHT9 light;
::ZeroMemory(&light,sizeof(light));
light.Type = D3DLIGHT_POINT;
light.Ambient = *color*0.6f;
light.Diffuse = *color;
light.Specular = *color*0.6f;
light.Position = *position;
light.Range = 1000.0f;
light.Falloff = 1.0f;
light.Attenuation0 =1.0f;
light.Attenuation1 = 0.0f;
light.Attenuation2 = 0.0f;
return light;
}
D3DLIGHT9 d3d::InitSpotLight(D3DXVECTOR3* position, D3DXVECTOR3* direction, D3DXCOLOR* color)
{
D3DLIGHT9 light;
::ZeroMemory(&light, sizeof(light));
light.Type = D3DLIGHT_SPOT;
light.Ambient = *color * 0.0f;
light.Diffuse = *color;
light.Specular = *color * 0.6f;
light.Position = *position;
light.Direction = *direction;
light.Range = 1000.0f;
light.Falloff = 1.0f;
light.Attenuation0 = 1.0f;
light.Attenuation1 = 0.0f;
light.Attenuation2 = 0.0f;
light.Theta = 0.4f;
light.Phi = 0.9f;
return light;
}
D3DMATERIAL9 d3d::InitMtrl(D3DXCOLOR a, D3DXCOLOR d, D3DXCOLOR s, D3DXCOLOR e, float p)
{
D3DMATERIAL9 mtrl;
mtrl.Ambient = a;
mtrl.Diffuse = d;
mtrl.Specular = s;
mtrl.Emissive = e;
mtrl.Power = p;
return mtrl;
}