SQL还原

SQL还原
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1、验证备份
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restore headeronly from bak3
restore filelistonly from bak3 with file=1
restore labelonly from bak3
restore verifyonly from bak3
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2、从备份中还原
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restore headeronly from bak1
restore database d1 from bak1 with file=2         --从完全备份中恢复
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restore headeronly from bak2              --从差异备份中恢复
restore database d2 from bak2 with file=1,norecovery   
restore database d2 from bak2 with file=5,recovery
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restore headeronly from bak3              --从日志备份中恢复
restore database d3 from bak3 with file=1,norecovery
restore log    d3 from bak3 with file=2,norecovery
restore log    d3 from bak3 with file=3,norecovery
restore log    d3 from bak3 with file=4,norecovery
restore log    d3 from bak3 with file=5,recovery
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restore database d3 from bak3 with file=1,norecovery      --恢复到指定时间
restore log    d3 from bak3 with file=2,norecovery
restore log    d3 from bak3 with file=3,norecovery
restore log    d3 from bak3 with file=4,recovery,stopat='2003-08-15 11:29:00.000'
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restore database d5 filegroup='FG2' from bak5 with file=4,norecovery --还原文件组备份
restore log d5 from bak5 with file=5,norecovery
restore log d5 from bak5 with file=7,recovery
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restore headeronly from bak6                 --还原文件备份
restore database d5 file='d5_data3' from bak6 with file=6,norecovery
restore log d5 from bak6 with file=7,norecovery
restore log d5 from bak6 with file=9,recovery
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restore database d5 from bak6 with replace    --删除现有数据库，从备份中重建数据库
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create database d6            --move to将数据库文件移动到新位置
on primary
(name=d6_data,
filename='E:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL/data/d6_Data.MDF',
size=2MB)
log on
(name=d6_log,
filename='E:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL/data/d6_log.ldf',
size=2MB)
go
backupdatabase d6 to bak6 with init
drop database d6
restore database d6 from bak6
with move 'd6_data' to 'e:/data/d6/d6_data.mdf',
move 'd6_log'to 'e:/data/d6/d6_log.ldf'
sp_helpdb d6
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3、分离与重连接数据库
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sp_detach_db 'd6'        
sp_attach_db 'd6','e:/data/d6/d6_data.mdf','e:/data/d6/d6_log.ldf'
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sp_detach_db d6
go
create database d6
on primary
(filename='e:/data/d6/d6_data.mdf')
for attach
go
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4、恢复损坏的系统数据库
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1）先备份MASTER、MSDB
2）停止SQL服务，将MASTER数据库文件删除或者重命名。这样，SQL服务将不能启动。
3）系统数据库的还原
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（1）如果SQL服务还能启动，则从备份中恢复系统数据库。
（2）如果SQL服务不能启动，则需要重建系统数据库。
使用SQL文件夹TOOLS/BINN目录下的Rebuildm.exe重建master数据库。
（3）创建备份设备，指向以前的备份设备。
（4）以单用户模式启动SQL
cd programe files/microsoft sql server/mssql/binn
sqlservr.exe -c -m
（5）进查询分析器，从备份中恢复master数据库。
restore database master from masterbak
restore database msdb from disk='e:/bak/msdb.bak'
MASTER还原后，SQL中用户数据库的信息也会恢复。
（6）如果MASTER没有备份，则需要用sp_attach_db命令将用户数据库附加到新的MASTER数据库中。
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5、自动化备份实现（要将sqlserveragent服务设置为自动启动，并启动该服务）
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我们日常使用的MOSS进行公司部门站点的信息管理与收发,后台使用MS SQL2005.

计划采用完全备份,差异备份和日志备份来实现MOSS数据的日常备份和管理.

计划如下：

采用完全恢复模型。
备份设备：disk为主，可以用本地磁盘或网络磁盘备份。
备份方法：完全备份+差异备份+事务日志备份。
备份日程：完全备份每天进行一次，差异备份每四个小时一次，事务日志备份每三十分钟一次。备份网络磁盘仅保留近一周的备份文件。
备份文件命名：
完全备份：数据库实例名称+“_full.bak”
差异备份：数据库实例名称+“_diff_”+hh+”.b”
事务日志备份：数据库实例名称+“_log_+hhmm
备份路径：网络磁盘/YYMMDD/
下文以eip数据库实例为例来说明操作步骤。

每天检查并删除过时的备份文件

--Function:full backup database
--1 Variable declaration
declare @DbPath varchar(500)
declare @DbName sysname
declare @FileName varchar(500)
--2 Initialize variables
set @DbName = 'wsseip'        --custom
set @DbPath='//172.22.8.121/D$/dbbackup/'+@DbName+'/'+convert(varchar(10),getdate(),112) +'/'
set @FileName = @DbPath +@DbName+ '_full.bak'
--3 Net connect and create file
exec master.dbo.xp_cmdshell 'net use //172.22.8.121/D$/dbbackup'
EXEC master.dbo.xp_create_subdir @DbPath
--4 Create backup
backup database EIP to disk=@FileName with init
go 
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每天做一次完全备份

--Function:del backup database
--1 Variable declaration
declare @DbPath varchar(500)
declare @DbName sysname
declare @FileName varchar(500)
declare @CmdShell varchar(500)
--2 Initialize variables
set @DbName = 'wsseip'        --custom
set @DbPath='//172.22.8.121/D$/dbbackup/'+@DbName+'/'+convert(varchar(10),dateadd(day,-5,getdate()),112)
set @CmdShell ='rd /S /Q ' + @DbPath
--3 Net connect and create file
exec master.dbo.xp_cmdshell 'net use //172.22.8.121/D$/dbbackup'
--4 Del log backup
exec master..xp_cmdshell @CmdShell --删除5天前的备份，也就是只保留5个最新备份
go
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每4个小时做一次差异备份

--Function:diff backup database
--1 Variable declaration
declare @DbPath varchar(500)
declare @DbName sysname
declare @FileName varchar(500)
--2 Initialize variables
set @DbName = 'wsseip'        --custom
set @DbPath='//172.22.8.121/D$/dbbackup/'+@DbName+'/'+convert(varchar(10),getdate(),112) +'/'
set @FileName = @DbPath +@DbName+ '_diff_'+cast(datepart(hour,getdate()) as varchar)+'.bak'
--3 Net connect and create file
exec master.dbo.xp_cmdshell 'net use //172.22.8.121/D$/dbbackup'
EXEC master.dbo.xp_create_subdir @DbPath
--4 Create diff backup
backup database EIP to disk=@FileName with differential --差异备份数据库
go
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每30分钟做一次事物日志备份

--Function:diff backup database
--1 Variable declaration
declare @DbPath varchar(500)
declare @DbName sysname
declare @FileName varchar(500)
--2 Initialize variables
set @DbName = 'wsseip'        --custom
set @DbPath='//172.22.8.121/D$/dbbackup/'+@DbName+'/'+convert(varchar(10),getdate(),112) +'/'
set @FileName = @DbPath +@DbName+ '_log_'+cast(datepart(hour,getdate()) as varchar)+cast(datepart(minute,getdate()) as varchar)
--3 Net connect and create file
exec master.dbo.xp_cmdshell 'net use //172.22.8.121/D$/dbbackup'
EXEC master.dbo.xp_create_subdir @DbPath
--4 Create log backup
ALTER DATABASE eip SET RECOVERY FULL
backup log eip to disk=@FileName --日志备份数据库
go
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---------这是我拷贝别人的，没有测试的，如果谁要用的话，最好自己去亲自去测试哈，免得出现不必要的错误！