linux下apache和tomcat集群配置

原文 ： http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/155502817.html环境：操作系统均为：CentOS 5.1 Apache2.X服务器一台：IP地址192.168.232.4；安装路径/usr/local/apache； Tomcat6服务器一台：IP地址192.168.232.5；安装路径/usr/local/tomcat； Tomcat6服务器一台：IP地址192.168.232.6；安装路径/usr/local/tomcat； 配置：Apache安装：#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-modules=so --enable-mods-shared=all --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-connect --enable-proxy-ftp --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer --enable-rewrite注释：激活tomcat集群需要的 enable-proxy，enable-proxy-http，enable-proxy-connect，enable-proxy-ajp和enable-proxy-balancer，其中proxy-ajp和proxy-balancer必须依赖proxy，如果是自定义的编译除了以上几个必须的模块外，mod_status（--enable-status）也要编译进去，切记。enable-proxy-ftp可以不编译。注释： 在LAMP中，apache再打开 --enable-rewrite#make;make install 制作Apache启动项：#cp support/apachectl /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd#vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd添加以下内容：（包括＃号）# Startup script for the Apache Web Server# chkconfig: 2345 85 15# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server .It is used to server# HTML files and CGI.# processname: httpd# pidfile: /usr/local/apache/log/httpd.pid# config: /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf增加服务项#chkconfig --add httpd#chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd#chkconfig --level 345 httpd on JDK安装：#chmod a+x jdk-6u4-linux-i586-rpm.bin#./jdk-6u4-linux-i586-rpm.bin JAVA环境变量设置：#vi /etc/profile在文件最后添加以下内容：JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_04CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jarPATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATHCATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcatexport JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH CATALINA_HOME 执行如下命令使环境变量生效：source /etc/profile测试配置是否成功：java –version Tomcat安装：#wget [url]http://apache.mirror.phpchina.com/tomcat/tomcat-6/v6.0.16/bin/apache-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz[/url]#tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz#mv apache-tomcat-6.0.16 /usr/local/tomcat Tomcat随机启动：#vi /etc/rc.local添加以下内容：/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh tomcat6配置文件server.xml：把<!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :<Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">--><Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">改成 <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :--><Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcatX"><!-- <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">-->说明：第一台tomcat就把jvmRoute="tomcat1"第二台tomcat就把jvmRoute="tomcat2" 把<!--<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>-->去掉注释变为<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>***群集详细配置***<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"channelSendOptions="8"> <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/> <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"><Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"address="228.0.0.4"port="45564"frequency="500"dropTime="3000"/><Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"address="auto"port="4000"autoBind="100"selectorTimeout="5000"maxThreads="6"/> <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"><Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/></Sender><Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/><Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/></Channel> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"filter=""/><Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/> <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"watchEnabled="false"/> <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/><ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/></Cluster> 配置应用的web.xml：在每个webapps应用中,修改配置文件web.xml文件 添加元素<distributable/> 在web.xml文件中<web-app>元素下增加以下内容： <!--此应用将与群集服务器复制Session--> <distributable/> 具体修改如下: 修改前: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <web-app xmlns="[url]http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee[/url]" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee [url]http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd[/url]" version="2.5"> </web-app> 修改后: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <web-app xmlns="[url]http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee[/url]" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee [url]http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd[/url]" version="2.5"> <!--此应用将与群集服务器复制Session--> <distributable/> </web-app>配置apache的ajp负载均衡功能：确保将以下Module的注释去掉LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so增加以下内容：# Proxypass ConfigInclude conf/extra/httpd-modproxy.conf建立文件httpd-modproxy.conf输入内容：<Location /server-status> SetHandler server-status Order Deny,Allow Deny from all Allow from all </Location> <Location /balancer-manager> SetHandler balancer-manager Order Deny,Allow Deny from all Allow from all </Location> ProxyRequests Off ProxyPass / balancer://tomcatcluster stickysession=jsessionid nofailover=On <Proxy balancer://tomcatcluster> BalancerMember [url]http://192.168.232.5:8080[/url] loadfactor=1 BalancerMember [url]http://192.168.232.6:8080[/url] loadfactor=2 </Proxy>注释：ProxyRequests Off 表示启用反向代理，必须开启； ProxyPass为代理转发的Url,即将所有访问/的请求转发到群集balancer://tomcatcluster，这里为/即将所有访问/的请求转发到群集balancer://tomcatcluster的/test目录； BalancerMember为群集的成员,即群集服务器1或2,负载均衡服务器会根据均衡规则来将请求转发给BalancerMember； 调试负载均衡集群系统：访问apache服务器的web服务：[url]http://192.168.232.4/balancer-manager[/url]如果显示负载均衡有关信息则说明成功了，接着可以访问[url]http://192.168.232.4/[/url]即访问到了tomcat的应用***必须先启动Tomcat服务再启动Apache服务！***