SSH学习笔记(二)

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二、小项目实践

项目描述：对一个用户的姓、名、年龄进行增删查改，使用ssh框架 + apache的dbcp连接池。

1、确认commons-dbcp.jar已被导入(按照上篇的操作，则会被导入)

2、使用mysql数据库，建立名为mytest的数据库，创建表users

create table users (id int not null,firstname varchar(50) not null,lastname varchar(50) not null,age int not null,primary key (id)) ENGIN = InnoDB ROW_FORMAT = DEFAULT;

3、入口网页index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%><%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>         <!--  增加页面的structs支持 --><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>        <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>  </head>    <body>    <h1><font color="red">Operation List</font>    </h1>        <s:a href="save.jsp">Save User</s:a><br><br><br>    <!--  structs提供的标签 -->    <s:a href="listUser.action"> List User</s:a>    <!--  通过调用服务器端的资源来显示所有用户 -->  </body></html>

4、新建save.jsp，保存用户页面

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%><%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <title>save user</title>  </head>    <body>       <h1><font color="red">Save User</font>    </h1>        <s:form action="saveUser">    <s:textfield name="user.firstname" label="firstname"></s:textfield>     <s:textfield name="user.lastname" label="lastname"></s:textfield>     <s:textfield name="user.age" label="age"></s:textfield>     <s:submit></s:submit>     </s:form>  </body></html>

5、新建包com.test.bean，在其中新建User.java

package com.test.bean;public class User {private Integer id;private String firstname;private String lastname;private int age;public Integer getId() {return id;}public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}public String getFirstname() {return firstname;}public void setFirstname(String firstname) {this.firstname = firstname;}public String getLastname() {return lastname;}public void setLastname(String lastname) {this.lastname = lastname;}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}}

这个javabean就好了。然后生成与之对应的hibernate配置文件。在相同的包里新建User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN""http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
 <class name="com.test.bean.User" table="users">
 <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="id"><generator class="increment"/><!-- 主键生成策略为increment --></id>
 <property column="firstname" name="firstname" type="string" length="50"></property> <property column="lastname" name="lastname" type="string"  length="50"> </property>  <property column="age" name="age" type="java.lang.Integer"></property> </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

6、新建包com.test.action.user，在包中新建SaveUserAction.java

package com.test.action.user;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;import com.test.bean.User;import com.test.service.UserService;public class SaveUserAction extends ActionSupport {/** *  */private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;private User user;private UserService service;public User getUser() {return user;}public void setUser(User user) {this.user = user;}@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stub//不自己实现保存用户，而是调用业务逻辑层来实现this.service.save(this.user);return this.SUCCESS;}public UserService getService() {return service;}public void setService(UserService service) {this.service = service;}}

7、为页面添加国际化支持。在src目录下新建文件struts.properties，在文件中写上

struts.custom.i18n.resources=globalMessages

在src目录下新建globalMessages_en.properties，在文件中写上

firstname=firstnamelastname=lastnameage=age

在src目录下新建globalMessages_zh.properties，添加对应关系，在文件中写上(这里用图形化操作比较好)

firstname=\u59D3lastname=\u540Dage=\u5E74\u9F84

即firstname对应“姓”，lastname对应“名”，age对应“年龄”。

修改save.jsp，将label属性改一下，修改后为

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%><%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <title>save user</title>  </head>    <body>       <h1><font color="red">Save User</font>    </h1>        <s:form action="saveUser">    <s:textfield name="user.firstname" label="%{getText('firstname')}"></s:textfield>     <s:textfield name="user.lastname" label="%{getText('lastname')}"></s:textfield>     <s:textfield name="user.age" label="%{getText('age')}"></s:textfield>     <s:submit></s:submit>     </s:form>  </body></html>

这样，save.jsp就有了国际化的支持了。

8、新建包com.test.dao，在包中新建UserDAO.java

package com.test.dao;import java.util.List;import com.test.bean.User;public interface UserDAO {public void saveUser(User user);public void removeUser(User user);public User findUserById(Integer id);public List<User> findAllUsers();public void updateUser(User user);}

9、新建包com.test.dao.impl，在包中新建UserDAOImpl.java

package com.test.dao.impl;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;import com.test.bean.User;import com.test.dao.UserDAO;public class UserDAOImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDAO {@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")public List<User> findAllUsers() {// 根据hql查询//@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")String hql = "from User user order by user.id desc";return (List<User>)this.getHibernateTemplate().find(hql);}public User findUserById(Integer id) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubUser user = (User)this.getHibernateTemplate().get(User.class, id);return user;}public void removeUser(User user) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubthis.getHibernateTemplate().delete(user);}public void saveUser(User user) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubthis.getHibernateTemplate().save(user);}public void updateUser(User user) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubthis.getHibernateTemplate().update(user);}}

10、新建包com.test.service，在包中新建UserService.java

package com.test.service;import java.util.List;import com.test.bean.User;public interface UserService {public List<User> findAll();public void save(User user);public void delete(User user);public User findById(Integer id);public void update(User user);}

11、新建包com.test.service.impl，在包中新建UserServiceImpl.java

package com.test.service.impl;import java.util.List;import com.test.bean.User;import com.test.dao.UserDAO;import com.test.service.UserService;public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {private UserDAO userDao;public void delete(User user) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubthis.userDao.removeUser(user);}public List<User> findAll() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn this.userDao.findAllUsers();}public User findById(Integer id) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn this.userDao.findUserById(id);}public void save(User user) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubthis.userDao.saveUser(user);}public void update(User user) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubthis.userDao.updateUser(user);}public UserDAO getUserDao() {return userDao;}public void setUserDao(UserDAO userDao) {this.userDao = userDao;}}

12、编辑structs.xml，添加action的信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"><struts><package name="user" extends="struts-default"><action name="saveUser" class="saveUserAction"><result name="success" type="redirect">listUser.action</result> <!-- 输入正确的话跳转到另一个action --><result name="input">/saveUser.jsp</result>  <!-- 输入错误的话跳就在saveUser.jsp页面继续输入 --></action></package></struts>

13、这时如果打开tomcat，会报错，Action class [saveUserAction] not found，这时因为我们的structs.xml里面配置的是一个别名，这个别名是由Spring来为我们提供的，但是这个Spring的配置文件我们还没编写。

14、把mysql-connector-java-5.0.3-bin.jar连接器拷贝到项目的lib目录下，编辑/WebRoot/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd"><!-- 整个文件是一层一层注入，从数据源注入到sessionFactory，然后从sessionFactory注入到dao --><bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"> <!-- 配置数据库连接池 --><property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property><property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mytest"></property><property name="username" value="root"></property><property name="password" value="moiyer"></property><property name="maxActive" value="100"></property><property name="maxIdle" value="30"></property><property name="maxWait" value="500"></property><property name="defaultAutoCommit" value="true"></property> <!-- 本项目中的操作不需要事务，都是原子性的 --></bean> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property><property name="hibernateProperties"><props><prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop><prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop></props></property><property name="mappingResources"><list><value>com/test/bean/User.hbm.xml</value><!-- 即包com.test.bean下的User.hbm.xml --></list></property></bean><bean id="userDao" class="com.test.dao.impl.UserDAOImpl" scope="singleton"> <!-- 这个singleton与设计模式里的singleton模式不同 --><property name="sessionFactory"><ref bean="sessionFactory"/></property></bean><bean id="userService" class="com.test.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"><property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property></bean><bean id="saveUserAction" class="com.test.action.user.SaveUserAction"><property name="service" ref="userService"></property></bean></beans>

这时打开tomcat，会报错，Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in...这是因为myeclipse为我们自动导入包的时候造成了包冲突，删除lib目录下的asm-2.2.3.jar即可解决。

15、到现在为止，项目的ssh框架已经完全整合起来了。打开tomcat,访问http://localhost:8080/mytest/index.jsp，保存用户，不论中英文都可以在数据库中保存（将字符集设置成utf-8比较好：将页面pagecoding设置成utf-8，将structs设置成utf-8（默认已如此），将mysql设置成utf-8）。这时保存用户提交后页面会跳转到一个无法访问的页面，这是因为这个页面我们还没有写，但是可以从数据库看是否成功。

16、在包com.test.action.user中新建ListUserAction.java

package com.test.action.user;import java.util.Map;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;import com.test.service.UserService;public class ListUserAction extends ActionSupport {@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubMap request = (Map) ActionContext.getContext().get("request");request.put("list", service.findAll());return SUCCESS;}private UserService service;public UserService getService() {return service;}public void setService(UserService service) {this.service = service;}}

在structs.xml中加上listuser的action

<action name="listUser" class="listUserAction"><result>/list.jsp</result> <!-- 直接跳到list.jsp --></action>

在applicationContext.xml中加上listuser的bean

<bean id="listUserAction" class="com.test.action.user.ListUserAction"><property name="service" ref="userService"></property></bean>

17、在WebRoot中新建list.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%><%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>         <!--  增加页面的structs支持 --><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>        <title>list page</title>  </head>    <body>    <h1><font color="red">User List</font>    </h1>        <table border="1" align="center"><!-- 删除和更新操作以后再实现 --><tr><td>id</td><td>姓</td><td>名</td><td>年龄</td><td>删除</td><td>更新</td></tr> <s:iterator value="#request.list" id="us"><tr><td><s:property value="#us.id"/></td><td><s:property value="#us.firstname"/></td><td><s:property value="#us.lastname"/></td><td><s:property value="#us.age"/></td><td><s:a href="deleteUser.action?user.id=%{#us.id}">delete</s:a><td><s:a href="updatePUser.action?user.id=%{#us.id}">update</s:a></td></tr></s:iterator>       </table>  </body></html>

18、重新打开tomcat，进行插入用户操作，操作成功。自此，这个小项目基本完成。

19、添加输入校验信息。有两种方法：(1)、使用在action的validate方法中进行输入信息的校验。(2)、使用模型驱动来进行校验，基于structs2校验框架。第一种方法比较容易理解，下面使用第二种方法来实现。有2种校验方式，方法1）编写校验文件：在包com.test.action.user包中新建SaveUserAction-validation.xml（注意名字一定为这个）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN" "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd"><validators><field name="user.firstname"> <field-validator type="requiredstring"><message>required first name</message></field-validator></field><field name="user.lastname"><field-validator type="requiredstring"><message>required last name</message></field-validator></field><field name="user.age"><field-validator type="required"><message>required age</message></field-validator><field-validator type="int"><param name="min">1</param><param name="max">150</param><message>age should be between ${min} and ${max}</message></field-validator></field></validators>

方法2）在包com.test.action.user包中新建SaveUserAction-validation.xml（注意名字一定为这个）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN" "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd"> <validators><field name="user"><field-validator type="visitor">        <!-- visitor类型表示通过另外一个配置文件对user的属性进行校验 --><param name="context">user</param>   <!-- 与实际校验文件的名字有关，“类名-user-validation” --><param name="appendPrefix">true</param>  <!-- 几个提示信息的前缀相同，都为user's --><message>user's </message></field-validator></field></validators>
在com.test.bean包中新建校验文件User-user-validation.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN" "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd"><validators><field name="firstname"><field-validator type="requiredstring"><message>required first name</message></field-validator></field><field name="lastname"><field-validator type="requiredstring"><message>required last name</message></field-validator></field><field name="age"><field-validator type="required"><message>required age</message></field-validator><field-validator type="int"><param name="min">1</param><param name="max">150</param><message>age should be between ${min} and ${max}</message></field-validator></field></validators>
20、好了，校验框架完成了。但是如果第一次输入的数据错误，点提交报错后，再填错误的信息提交，但是输出的错误消息会叠加，这显然是错误的。对于使用structs2.0管理的项目，请求来了之后，actionservelet会创建一个action，不会出现这个错误。但是我们的项目是由spring管理的，action是由bean工厂来创建的，默认是单例的，即使用创建的一个action来处理所有的用户请求，所以就会出现上述错误。解决方法 是修改applicationContext.xml的action申明
<bean id="saveUserAction" class="com.test.action.user.SaveUserAction" scope="prototype">   <!-- scope保证对于每一个新的请求，会创建一个新的action来处理 --><property name="service" ref="userService"></property></bean><bean id="listUserAction" class="com.test.action.user.ListUserAction"  scope="prototype"><property name="service" ref="userService"></property></bean>
21、删除用户功能。在包com.test.action.user中新建RemoveUserAction.java
package com.test.action.user;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;import com.test.bean.User;import com.test.service.UserService;public class RemoveUserAction extends ActionSupport{private User user;private UserService service;public User getUser(){return user;}public void setUser(User user){this.user = user;}public UserService getService(){return service;}public void setService(UserService service){this.service = service;}@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception{this.service.delete(user);return SUCCESS;}}

在structs.xml中添加action的声明
<action name="deleteUser" class="removeUserAction"><result name="success" type="redirect">listUser.action</result></action>
在applicationContext.xml中添加action的声明
<bean id="removeUserAction" class="com.test.action.user.RemoveUserAction" scope="prototype"><property name="service" ref="userService"></property></bean>
好了，项目的删除功能已经完成了。
22、完成更新功能。在包com.test.action.user中新建UpdatePUserAction.java这个action进行更新预处理
package com.test.action.user;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;import com.test.bean.User;import com.test.service.UserService;public class UpdatePUserAction extends ActionSupport{private User user;private UserService service;public User getUser(){return user;}public void setUser(User user){this.user = user;}public UserService getService(){return service;}public void setService(UserService service){this.service = service;}@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception{user = this.service.findById(user.getId());    //两个user不是一样的return SUCCESS;}}
在structs.xml中添加action的声明 
<action name="updatePUser" class="updatePUserAction"><result name="success">/update.jsp</result></action>
在applicationContext.xml中添加action的声明
<bean id="updatePUserAction" class="com.test.action.user.UpdatePUserAction" scope="prototype"><property name="service" ref="userService"></property></bean>
在WebRoot下新建update.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">        <title>My JSP 'update.jsp' starting page</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"><meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"><meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"><!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">-->  </head>    <body>        <h1><font color="red">Update User</font></h1>        <s:form action="updateUser">        <table>    <tr>    <td>    <s:hidden name="user.id" value="%{user.id}"></s:hidden>  <!-- 将id设为不显示，但是还是会提交 -->    </td>    </tr>        <tr>    <td>    <s:textfield name="user.firstname" value="%{user.firstname}" label="%{getText('firstname')}"></s:textfield>    </td>    </tr>        <tr>    <td>    <s:textfield name="user.lastname" value="%{user.lastname}" label="%{getText('lastname')}"></s:textfield>    </td>    </tr>        <tr>    <td>    <s:textfield name="user.age" value="%{user.age}" label="%{getText('age')}"></s:textfield>    </td>    </tr>        <tr>    <td>    <s:submit></s:submit>    </td>    </tr>    </table>        </s:form>      </body></html>
在包com.test.action.user中新建UpdateUserAction.java这个action真正进行更新 
package com.test.action.user;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;import com.test.bean.User;import com.test.service.UserService;public class UpdateUserAction extends ActionSupport{private User user;private UserService service;public User getUser(){return user;}public void setUser(User user){this.user = user;}public UserService getService(){return service;}public void setService(UserService service){this.service = service;}@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception{this.service.update(user);return SUCCESS;}}
在structs.xml中添加action的声明 
<action name="updateUser" class="updateUserAction"><result name="success" type="redirect">listUser.action</result><result name="input">/update.jsp</result></action>
在applicationContext.xml中添加action的声明
<bean id="updateUserAction" class="com.test.action.user.UpdateUserAction" scope="prototype"><property name="service" ref="userService"></property></bean>
输入校验，在包com.test.user.action中新建UpdateUserAction-validation.xml，内容与SaveUserAction-validation.xml相同。
到此，更新功能已经完成。
 
	
					
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