Objective-C 2.0 with Cocoa Foundation--- 8,类方法以及私有方法(2)

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  8.2,实现步骤

  第一步,按照我们在第2章所述的方法,新建一个项目,项目的名字叫做07-InitWithAndIvarScope。如果你是第一次看本篇文章,请参看第二章的内容。

  第二步,按照我们在第4章的4.2节的第二,三,四步所述的方法,把在第4章已经使用过的“Cattle.h”,“Cattle.m”,“Bull.h”还有“Bull.m”, 导入本章的项目里面。

  第三步,打开“Cattle.h”和“Cattle.m”,分别修改成为下面的代码并且保存:

#import 

@interface Cattle : NSobjecs {
     int legsCount;
}
- (void)saySomething;
+ (id) cattleWithLegsCountVersionA:(int) count;
+ (id) cattleWithLegsCountVersionB:(int) count;
+ (id) cattleWithLegsCountVersionC:(int) count;
+ (id) cattleWithLegsCountVersionD:(int) count;
@end

#import "Cattle.h"
#import 

@implementation Cattle
-(void) saySomething
{
     NSLog(@ "Hello, I am a cattle, I have %d legs.", legsCount);
}
-(void) setLegsCount:(int) count
{
     legsCount = count;
}
+ (id) cattleWithLegsCountVersionA:(int) count
{
     id ret = [[Cattle alloc] init];
     //NEVER DO LIKE BELOW
     //legsCount = count;
     [ret setLegsCount:count];
     return [ret autorelease];
}
+ (id) cattleWithLegsCountVersionB:(int) count
{
     id ret = [[[Cattle alloc] init] autorelease];
     [ret setLegsCount:count];
     return ret;    
}
+ (id) cattleWithLegsCountVersionC:(int) count
{
     id ret = [[self alloc] init];
     [ret setLegsCount:count];
     return [ret autorelease];
}
+ (id) cattleWithLegsCountVersionD:(int) count 
{
     id ret = [[self alloc] init];
  [ret setLegsCount:count];
    
     if([self class] == [Cattle class])
        return [ret autorelease];

     SEL sayName = @selector(saySomething);
     Method unknownSubClassSaySomething = class_getInstanceMethod([self class], sayName);
     //Change the subclass method is RUDE!
     Method cattleSaySomething = class_getInstanceMethod([Cattle class], sayName);
     //method_imp is deprecated since 10.5
     unknownSubClassSaySomething- >method_imp = cattleSaySomething->method_imp;

     return [ret autorelease];
}
@end

 

 第四步,打开“Bull.h”和“Bull.m”,分别修改成为下面的代码并且保存:

#import 
#import "Cattle.h"

@interface Bull : Cattle {
     NSString *skinColor;
}
- (void)saySomething;
- (NSString*) getSkinColor;
- (void) setSkinColor:(NSString *) color;
+ (id) bullWithLegsCount:(int) count bullSkinColor:(NSString*) theColor;
@end

#import "Bull.h"

@implementation Bull
-(void) saySomething
{
     NSLog(@"Hello, I am a %@ bull, I have %d legs.", [self getSkinColor],legsCount);
}
-(NSString*) getSkinColor
{
     return skinColor;
}
- (void) setSkinColor:(NSString *) color
{
     skinColor = color;
}
+ (id) bullWithLegsCount:(int) count bullSkinColor:(NSString*) theColor
{
     id ret = [self cattleWithLegsCountVersionC:count];
     [ret setSkinColor:theColor];
     //DO NOT USE autorelease here!
     return ret;
}
@end

  第五步,创建一个新类,名字叫做“UnknownBull”,然后分别打开“UnknownBull.h”和“UnknownBull.m”,分别修改成为下面的代码并且保存:

#import 
#import "Bull.h"

@interface UnknownBull : Bull {

}
-(void)saySomething;
@end

 

#import "UnknownBull.h"

@implementation UnknownBull
-(void)saySomething
{
     NSLog(@ "Hello, I am an unknown bull.");
}
@end

  第六步,打开“08-Class_Method_And_Private_Method.m” ,修改成为下面的样子并且保存

#import 
#import "Cattle.h"
#import "Bull.h"
#import "UnknownBull.h"
int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {
     NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

     id cattle[5];
     cattle[0] = [Cattle cattleWithLegsCountVersionA:4];
     cattle[1] = [Bull cattleWithLegsCountVersionB:4];
     cattle[2] = [Bull cattleWithLegsCountVersionC:4];
     cattle[3] = [Bull bullWithLegsCount:4 bullSkinColor:@ "red"];
     cattle[4] = [UnknownBull cattleWithLegsCountVersionD:4];
    
     for(int i = 0 ; i  < 5 ; i++)
     {
         [cattle saySomething];
     }
     [pool drain];
     return 0;
}

  第七步,选择屏幕上方菜单里面的“Run”,然后选择“Console”,打开了Console对话框之后,选择对话框上部中央的“Build and Go”,如果不出什么意外的话,那么应该出现入图8-1所示的结果。如果出现了什么意外导致错误的话,那么请仔细检查一下你的代码。