编程实现性能监视器监视系统性能

直接上代码：

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pdh.h>
#include <pdhmsg.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "pdh.lib")

 

BOOL DiskIOMon()
{
 //CONST PWSTR COUNTER_PATH    = L"\\Processor(0)\\% Processor Time";
 //CONST PWSTR COUNTER_PATH    = L"\\Processor(_Total)\\% Processor Time";
 //CONST PWSTR COUNTER_PATH    = L"\\Process(*)\\% Processor Time";
 //CONST PWSTR COUNTER_PATH    = L"\\Process(QQ)\\% Processor Time";

 CONST PWSTR COUNTER_PATH    = L"\\PhysicalDisk(_Total)\\% Disk Time";
 //CONST PWSTR COUNTER_PATH    = L"\\PhysicalDisk(_Total)\\Current Disk Queue Length";
 //CONST PWSTR COUNTER_PATH    = L"\\LogicalDisk(_Total)\\% Free Space";
 

 HQUERY hQuery = NULL;
 HCOUNTER hCounter = NULL;
 PDH_STATUS status = ERROR_SUCCESS;
 DWORD dwFormat = PDH_FMT_DOUBLE;
 PDH_FMT_COUNTERVALUE ItemBuffer;

 // Opens the log file that Writein Performance Data to a Log File
 // example created.
 status = PdhOpenQuery(0, 0, &hQuery);

 if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
 {
  wprintf(L"PdhOpenQuery failed with 0x%x\n", status);
  goto cleanup;
 }

 // Add the same counter used when writing the log file.
 status = PdhAddCounter(hQuery, COUNTER_PATH, 0, &hCounter);
 if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
 {
  if(PDH_CSTATUS_NO_OBJECT == status) //0xC0000BB8
  {
   wprintf(L"The specified object is not found on the system.\n");
  }
  else
   wprintf(L"PdhAddCounter failed with 0x%x\n", status);
  goto cleanup;
 }

 // Read a performance data record.
 status = PdhCollectQueryData(hQuery);

 if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
 {
  wprintf(L"PdhCollectQueryData failed with 0x%x\n", status);
  goto cleanup;
 }

 while (ERROR_SUCCESS == status)
 {   
  // Read the next record
  status = PdhCollectQueryData(hQuery);
  Sleep(100);

  if (ERROR_SUCCESS == status)
  {
   // Format the performance data record.
   status = PdhGetFormattedCounterValue(hCounter,
    dwFormat,
    (LPDWORD)NULL,
    &ItemBuffer);

   if (ERROR_SUCCESS != status)
   {
    wprintf(L"PdhGetFormattedCounterValue failed with 0x%x.\n", status);
    goto cleanup;
   }

   wprintf(L"Formatted counter value = %.20g\n", ItemBuffer.doubleValue);
  }
  else
  {
   if (PDH_NO_MORE_DATA != status)
   {
    wprintf(L"PdhCollectQueryData failed with 0x%x\n", status);
   }
  }
  
 }

cleanup:

 // Close the query.
 if (hQuery)
  PdhCloseQuery(hQuery);
 return TRUE; 
}

需要注意的地方是收集数据需要时间，要增加Sleep延迟，否则收集到的值都是0或者1.

===================================================================================================

如果打不开定时器，返回错误 0xC0000BB8

msdn上对此错误的解释为

0xC0000BB8 PDH_CSTATUS_NO_OBJECT

The specified object is not found on the system.

原来是系统怕性能计数器影响系统的性能，而关闭了相关的计数器对象。

那么我们通过注册表去打开好了。

路径如下：

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\RemoteAccess\Performance

Disable Performance Counters ：0x000

把上面的那个项修改为0x000就行了。

//IsOpen，打开传入为TRUE，关闭传递FALSE
void AssertNotDiableTheRasObject(BOOL IsOpen)
{
 //HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\RemoteAccess\Performance
 HKEY hKey;
 long ret0 = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, _T("SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\RemoteAccess\\Performance"),0,KEY_ALL_ACCESS,&hKey);
 if(ret0 == ERROR_SUCCESS)
 {
  DWORD dwDiable;
  DWORD cbData_1 = sizeof(DWORD);
  RegQueryValueEx(hKey, _T("Disable Performance Counters"), NULL, NULL, (LPBYTE)&dwDiable, &cbData_1);
  if (dwDiable== IsOpen)
  {
   dwDiable= !IsOpen;
   RegSetValueEx(hKey, _T("Disable Performance Counters"), NULL,REG_DWORD, (LPBYTE)&dwDiable, cbData_1);
  }
  RegCloseKey(hKey);
 }  
}
================================================================================================

附带微软的性能计数器：http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc938959.aspx

磁盘的计数器

Counter

Description

LogicalDisk\% Free Space

Reports the percentage of unallocated disk space to the total usable space on the logical volume. When calculating the _Total instance, the %Free Space counters recalculate the sum as a percentage for each disk.
There is no % Free Space counter for the PhysicalDisk object.

LogicalDisk|PhysicalDisk\Avg. Disk Bytes/Transfer

Measures the size of input/output (I/O) operations. The disk is efficient if it transfers large amounts of data relatively quickly.
Watch this counter when measuring maximum throughput.
To analyze transfer data further, use Avg. Disk Bytes/Read and Avg. Disk Bytes/Write.

LogicalDisk|PhysicalDisk\Avg. Disk sec/Transfer

Indicates how fast data is being moved (in seconds). Measures the average time of each data transfer, regardless of the number of bytes read or written. Shows the total time of the read or write, from the moment it leaves the Diskperf.sys driver to the moment it is complete.
A high value for this counter might mean that the system is retrying requests due to lengthy queuing or, less commonly, disk failures.
To analyze transfer data further, use Avg. Disk sec/Read and Avg. Disk sec/Write.

LogicalDisk|PhysicalDisk\Avg. Disk Queue Length

Tracks the number of requests that are queued and waiting for a disk during the sample interval, as well as requests in service. As a result, this might overstate activity.
If more than two requests are continuously waiting on a single-disk system, the disk might be a bottleneck. To analyze queue length data further, use Avg. Disk Read Queue Length and Avg. Disk Write Queue Length.

LogicalDisk|PhysicalDisk\Current Disk Queue Length

Indicates the number of disk requests that are currently waiting as well as requests currently being serviced. Subject to wide variations unless the workload has achieved a steady state and you have collected a sufficient number of samples to establish a pattern.
An instantaneous value or snapshot of the current queue length, unlike Avg. Disk Queue Length, Avg. Disk Read Queue Length, and Avg. Disk Write Queue Length, that reports averages.

LogicalDisk|PhysicalDisk\Disk Bytes/sec

Indicates the rate at which bytes are transferred and is the primary measure of disk throughput.
To analyze transfer data based on reads and writes, use Disk Read Bytes/sec and Disk Write Bytes/sec, respectively.

LogicalDisk|PhysicalDisk\Disk Transfers/sec

Indicates the number of read and writes completed per second, regardless of how much data they involve. Measures disk utilization.
If value exceeds 50 (per physical disk in the case of a striped volume), then a bottleneck might be developing.
To analyze transfer data based on reads and writes, use Disk Read/sec and Disk Writes/sec, respectively.

LogicalDisk\Free Megabytes

Reports the amount of bytes on the disk that are not allocated.
There is no Free Megabytes counter for the PhysicalDisk object.

LogicalDisk|PhysicalDisk\Split IO/sec

Reports the rate at which the operating system divides I/O requests to the disk into multiple requests. A split I/O request might occur if the program requests data in a size that is too large to fit into a single request or if the disk is fragmented. Factors that influence the size of an I/O request can include application design, the file system, or drivers. A high rate of split I/O might not, in itself, represent a problem. However, on single-disk systems, a high rate for this counter tends to indicate disk fragmentation.

LogicalDisk|PhysicalDisk\% Disk Time

Reports the percentage of time that the selected disk drive is busy servicing read or write requests. Because this counters data can span more than one sample, and consequently overstate disk utilization, compare this value against % Idle Time for a more accurate picture.
By default this counter cannot exceed 100 percent; however, you can reset the registry to allow System Monitor to display percentages exceeding 100 percent if appropriate. For information about this adjustment and other aspects of performance data collection and reporting, see Performance Objects in Overview of Performance Monitoring in this book.

LogicalDisk|PhysicalDisk\% Disk Write Time

Reports the percentage of time that the selected disk drive is busy servicing write requests.

LogicalDisk|PhysicalDisk\% Disk Read Time

Reports the percentage of time that the selected disk drive is busy servicing read requests.

LogicalDisk|PhysicalDisk\% Idle Time

Reports the percentage of time that the disk system was not processing requests and no work was queued. Notice that this counter, when added to % Disk Time, might not equal 100 percent, because % Disk Time can exaggerate disk utilization.

内存监视

To determine a baseline for your system, use the following counters to create logs of memory usage over an extended period (from several weeks to a month).

• \Memory\Pages/sec

• \Memory\Available Bytes

• \Paging File(_Total)\% Usage

CPU

To determine the baseline, use the following counters to create logs of processor usage over an extended period (from several weeks to a month).

• Processor\ % Processor Time

• System\Processor Queue Length