hadoop实例sort
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参考文献：http://www.hadooper.cn/dct/page/65777
1排序实例
排序实例仅仅用 map/reduce框架来把输入目录排序放到输出目录。输入和输出必须是顺序文件，键和值是BytesWritable.mapper是预先定义的IdentityMapper，reducer 是预先定义的 IdentityReducer， 两个都是把输入直接的输出。
要运行这个例 子：bin/hadoop jar hadoop-*-examples.jar sort [-m <#maps>] [-r <#reduces>] <in-dir> <out-dir>
2运行排序基准测试
为了使得排序例子作为一个 基准测试，用 RandomWriter产 生10GB/node 的数据。然后用排序实例来进行排序。这个提供了一个可扩展性依赖于集群的大小的排序基准。默认情况下，排序实例用1.0*capacity作为 reduces的数量，依赖于你的集群的大小你可能会在1.75*capacity的情况下得到更好的结果。To use the sort example as a benchmark, generate 10GB/node of random data using RandomWriter. Then sort the data using the sort example. This provides a sort benchmark that scales depending on the size of the cluster. By default, the sort example uses 1.0 * capacity for the number of reduces and depending on your cluster you may see better results at 1.75 * capacity.
命令是：
% bin/hadoop jar hadoop-*-examples.jar randomwriter rand% bin/hadoop jar hadoop-*-examples.jar sort rand rand-sort第一个命令会在rand 目录的生成没有排序的数据。第二个命令会读数据，排序，然后写入rand-sort 目录
排序支持一般的选项：参见DevelopmentCommandLineOptions
3具体实验
3.1代码实例Sort.java
/** * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file * distributed with this work for additional information * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */package org.apache.hadoop.examples;import java.io.IOException;import java.net.URI;import java.util.*;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configured;import org.apache.hadoop.filecache.DistributedCache;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;import org.apache.hadoop.io.BytesWritable;import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable;import org.apache.hadoop.io.WritableComparable;import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.*;import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.IdentityMapper;import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.IdentityReducer;import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.InputSampler;import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.TotalOrderPartitioner;import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool;import org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner;/** * This is the trivial map/reduce program that does absolutely nothing * other than use the framework to fragment and sort the input values. * * To run: bin/hadoop jar build/hadoop-examples.jar sort * [-m <i>maps</i>] [-r <i>reduces</i>] * [-inFormat <i>input format class</i>] * [-outFormat <i>output format class</i>] * [-outKey <i>output key class</i>] * [-outValue <i>output value class</i>] * [-totalOrder <i>pcnt</i> <i>num samples</i> <i>max splits</i>] * <i>in-dir</i> <i>out-dir</i> */public class Sort<K,V> extends Configured implements Tool { private RunningJob jobResult = null; static int printUsage() { System.out.println("sort [-m <maps>] [-r <reduces>] " + "[-inFormat <input format class>] " + "[-outFormat <output format class>] " + "[-outKey <output key class>] " + "[-outValue <output value class>] " + "[-totalOrder <pcnt> <num samples> <max splits>] " + "<input> <output>"); ToolRunner.printGenericCommandUsage(System.out); return -1; } /** * The main driver for sort program. * Invoke this method to submit the map/reduce job. * @throws IOException When there is communication problems with the * job tracker. */ public int run(String[] args) throws Exception { JobConf jobConf = new JobConf(getConf(), Sort.class); jobConf.setJobName("sorter"); jobConf.setMapperClass(IdentityMapper.class); jobConf.setReducerClass(IdentityReducer.class); JobClient client = new JobClient(jobConf); ClusterStatus cluster = client.getClusterStatus(); int num_reduces = (int) (cluster.getMaxReduceTasks() * 0.9); String sort_reduces = jobConf.get("test.sort.reduces_per_host"); if (sort_reduces != null) { num_reduces = cluster.getTaskTrackers() * Integer.parseInt(sort_reduces); } Class<? extends InputFormat> inputFormatClass = SequenceFileInputFormat.class; Class<? extends OutputFormat> outputFormatClass = SequenceFileOutputFormat.class; Class<? extends WritableComparable> outputKeyClass = BytesWritable.class; Class<? extends Writable> outputValueClass = BytesWritable.class; List<String> otherArgs = new ArrayList<String>(); InputSampler.Sampler<K,V> sampler = null; for(int i=0; i < args.length; ++i) { try { if ("-m".equals(args[i])) { jobConf.setNumMapTasks(Integer.parseInt(args[++i])); } else if ("-r".equals(args[i])) { num_reduces = Integer.parseInt(args[++i]); } else if ("-inFormat".equals(args[i])) { inputFormatClass = Class.forName(args[++i]).asSubclass(InputFormat.class); } else if ("-outFormat".equals(args[i])) { outputFormatClass = Class.forName(args[++i]).asSubclass(OutputFormat.class); } else if ("-outKey".equals(args[i])) { outputKeyClass = Class.forName(args[++i]).asSubclass(WritableComparable.class); } else if ("-outValue".equals(args[i])) { outputValueClass = Class.forName(args[++i]).asSubclass(Writable.class); } else if ("-totalOrder".equals(args[i])) { double pcnt = Double.parseDouble(args[++i]); int numSamples = Integer.parseInt(args[++i]); int maxSplits = Integer.parseInt(args[++i]); if (0 >= maxSplits) maxSplits = Integer.MAX_VALUE; sampler = new InputSampler.RandomSampler<K,V>(pcnt, numSamples, maxSplits); } else { otherArgs.add(args[i]); } } catch (NumberFormatException except) { System.out.println("ERROR: Integer expected instead of " + args[i]); return printUsage(); } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException except) { System.out.println("ERROR: Required parameter missing from " + args[i-1]); return printUsage(); // exits } } // Set user-supplied (possibly default) job configs jobConf.setNumReduceTasks(num_reduces); jobConf.setInputFormat(inputFormatClass); jobConf.setOutputFormat(outputFormatClass); jobConf.setOutputKeyClass(outputKeyClass); jobConf.setOutputValueClass(outputValueClass); // Make sure there are exactly 2 parameters left. if (otherArgs.size() != 2) { System.out.println("ERROR: Wrong number of parameters: " + otherArgs.size() + " instead of 2."); return printUsage(); } FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(jobConf, otherArgs.get(0)); FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(jobConf, new Path(otherArgs.get(1))); if (sampler != null) { System.out.println("Sampling input to effect total-order sort..."); jobConf.setPartitionerClass(TotalOrderPartitioner.class); Path inputDir = FileInputFormat.getInputPaths(jobConf)[0]; inputDir = inputDir.makeQualified(inputDir.getFileSystem(jobConf)); Path partitionFile = new Path(inputDir, "_sortPartitioning"); TotalOrderPartitioner.setPartitionFile(jobConf, partitionFile); InputSampler.<K,V>writePartitionFile(jobConf, sampler); URI partitionUri = new URI(partitionFile.toString() + "#" + "_sortPartitioning"); DistributedCache.addCacheFile(partitionUri, jobConf); DistributedCache.createSymlink(jobConf); } System.out.println("Running on " + cluster.getTaskTrackers() + " nodes to sort from " + FileInputFormat.getInputPaths(jobConf)[0] + " into " + FileOutputFormat.getOutputPath(jobConf) + " with " + num_reduces + " reduces."); Date startTime = new Date(); System.out.println("Job started: " + startTime); jobResult = JobClient.runJob(jobConf); Date end_time = new Date(); System.out.println("Job ended: " + end_time); System.out.println("The job took " + (end_time.getTime() - startTime.getTime()) /1000 + " seconds."); return 0; }//input attr:/home/hadoop/rand/part-00000 /home/hadoop/rand-sort public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { int res = ToolRunner.run(new Configuration(), new Sort(), args); System.exit(res); } /** * Get the last job that was run using this instance. * @return the results of the last job that was run */ public RunningJob getResult() { return jobResult; }}3.2在eclipse中设置参数：
/home/hadoop/rand/part-00000 /home/hadoop/rand-sort
其中/home/hadoop/rand/part-00000 表示输入路径，/home/hadoop/rand-sort表示输出路径
3.3数据来源
我们这里输入参数中的“/home/hadoop/rand/part-00000”是通过hadoop实例 RandomWriter 这个实例得到的。为了节省时间，hadoop实例 RandomWriter 中得到了两个文件，我们这里指使用了一个文件part-00000。如果要对两个文件都进行排序操作，那么输入路径只需要是目录即可。
4总结
本程序目前我测试只能在单机上执行，不能在集群上运行。即指可以run as ->java application，而不能run on hadoop，具体原因还没有找到，如果发现后续会更新本博客。
PS:2011-10-18
运行环境
1. run as java application
console中会输出信息
Running on 1 nodes to sort from hdfs://master:9000/home/hadoop/rand/part-00000 into hdfs://master:9000/home/hadoop/rand-sort with 1 reduces.
2.一个master和一个slave，run on hadoop
console输出信息
Running on 1 nodes to sort from hdfs://master:9000/home/hadoop/rand/part-00000 into hdfs://master:9000/home/hadoop/rand-sort with 1 reduces.跟第一中情况一样。
3.一台主机即做master又做slave，另外一台单独做slave
console输出信息
11/10/18 09:24:35 WARN conf.Configuration: DEPRECATED: hadoop-site.xml found in the classpath. Usage of hadoop-site.xml is deprecated. Instead use core-site.xml, mapred-site.xml and hdfs-site.xml to override properties of core-default.xml, mapred-default.xml and hdfs-default.xml respectivelyRunning on 2 nodes to sort from hdfs://master:9000/home/hadoop/rand/part-00000 into hdfs://master:9000/home/hadoop/rand-sort with 3 reduces.Job started: Tue Oct 18 09:24:35 CST 201111/10/18 09:24:35 INFO mapred.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 111/10/18 09:24:36 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_201110180923_000111/10/18 09:24:37 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 0% reduce 0%11/10/18 09:24:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 6% reduce 0%11/10/18 09:24:51 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 18% reduce 0%11/10/18 09:24:53 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 25% reduce 0%11/10/18 09:24:56 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 31% reduce 0%11/10/18 09:25:01 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 43% reduce 0%11/10/18 09:25:02 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 49% reduce 0%11/10/18 09:25:04 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 50% reduce 2%11/10/18 09:25:08 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 56% reduce 4%11/10/18 09:25:09 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 62% reduce 6%11/10/18 09:25:11 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 68% reduce 8%11/10/18 09:25:12 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 75% reduce 8%11/10/18 09:25:14 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 81% reduce 9%11/10/18 09:25:20 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 87% reduce 9%11/10/18 09:25:23 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 93% reduce 12%11/10/18 09:25:26 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 93% reduce 13%11/10/18 09:25:27 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 14%11/10/18 09:25:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 15%11/10/18 09:25:35 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 16%11/10/18 09:25:36 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 17%11/10/18 09:27:49 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000000_0, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 09:27:49 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 09:27:49 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 09:28:05 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 18%11/10/18 09:32:51 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000003_0, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 09:32:55 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 93% reduce 18%11/10/18 09:32:58 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 18%11/10/18 09:33:04 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000001_0, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 09:33:04 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 09:33:04 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 09:33:11 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 19%11/10/18 09:33:20 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 20%11/10/18 09:38:19 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000005_0, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 09:38:19 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 09:38:19 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 09:38:23 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 93% reduce 20%11/10/18 09:38:26 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 20%11/10/18 09:38:35 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 21%11/10/18 09:38:41 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 22%11/10/18 09:43:10 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000002_0, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 09:43:14 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 93% reduce 22%11/10/18 09:43:17 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 22%11/10/18 09:43:35 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000006_0, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 09:43:35 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 09:43:35 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 09:43:51 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 24%11/10/18 09:48:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000009_0, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 09:48:50 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 09:48:50 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 09:49:06 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 25%11/10/18 09:53:21 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000004_0, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 09:53:25 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 93% reduce 25%11/10/18 09:53:28 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 25%11/10/18 09:53:37 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 26%11/10/18 09:54:05 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000011_0, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 09:54:05 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 09:54:05 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 09:54:21 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 27%11/10/18 09:59:20 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000015_0, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 09:59:20 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 09:59:20 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 09:59:36 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 52%11/10/18 09:59:42 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 53%11/10/18 09:59:45 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 54%11/10/18 09:59:48 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 55%11/10/18 09:59:51 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 56%11/10/18 09:59:54 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 57%11/10/18 09:59:57 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 58%11/10/18 10:00:00 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 60%11/10/18 10:00:03 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 61%11/10/18 10:00:06 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 62%11/10/18 10:00:09 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 63%11/10/18 10:00:12 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 64%11/10/18 10:00:15 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 65%11/10/18 10:00:18 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 66%11/10/18 10:00:21 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 67%11/10/18 10:00:24 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 68%11/10/18 10:00:27 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 69%11/10/18 10:00:30 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 70%11/10/18 10:00:33 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 71%11/10/18 10:00:36 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 72%11/10/18 10:00:39 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 73%11/10/18 10:00:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 75%11/10/18 10:03:41 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000007_0, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 10:03:45 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 93% reduce 75%11/10/18 10:03:48 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 75%11/10/18 10:08:34 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000003_1, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 10:08:34 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 10:08:34 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 10:08:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 76%11/10/18 10:13:53 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000008_0, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 10:13:57 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 93% reduce 76%11/10/18 10:14:00 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 76%11/10/18 10:18:49 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000002_1, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 10:18:49 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 10:18:49 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 10:19:05 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 77%11/10/18 10:24:09 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000010_0, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 10:24:13 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 93% reduce 77%11/10/18 10:24:16 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 77%11/10/18 10:29:04 INFO mapred.JobClient: Task Id : attempt_201110180923_0001_m_000004_1, Status : FAILEDToo many fetch-failures11/10/18 10:29:04 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 10:29:04 WARN mapred.JobClient: Error reading task outputxuwei-laptop11/10/18 10:29:20 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 89%11/10/18 10:29:23 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 91%11/10/18 10:29:26 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 92%11/10/18 10:29:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 93%11/10/18 10:29:32 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 94%11/10/18 10:29:35 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 95%11/10/18 10:29:38 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 96%11/10/18 10:29:41 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 97%11/10/18 10:29:44 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 98%11/10/18 10:29:50 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 100%11/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job complete: job_201110180923_000111/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Counters: 1811/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job Counters 11/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Launched reduce tasks=411/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Launched map tasks=3211/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Data-local map tasks=3211/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: FileSystemCounters11/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: FILE_BYTES_READ=107514189911/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: HDFS_BYTES_READ=107749545811/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: FILE_BYTES_WRITTEN=215028527611/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: HDFS_BYTES_WRITTEN=107729001711/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map-Reduce Framework11/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce input groups=10233411/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Combine output records=011/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map input records=10233411/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce shuffle bytes=103102723511/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce output records=10233411/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Spilled Records=20466811/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map output bytes=107456665711/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map input bytes=107728924911/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Combine input records=011/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map output records=10233411/10/18 10:29:52 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce input records=102334Job ended: Tue Oct 18 10:29:52 CST 2011The job took 3916 seconds.
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