英语单词 english word 201110

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tempt
[tempt]
vt.
诱惑, 引诱, 吸引, 使感兴趣, 考验, 试探

tempt
tempt
AHD:[tµmpt]
D.J.[tempt]
K.K.[tWmpt]
v.（动词）
tempt.ed， tempt.ing， tempts
v.tr.（及物动词）
To try to get (someone) to do wrong, especially by a promise of reward.
怂恿：引诱、诱惑试图让（某人）做错事，尤指通过给予报答的许诺来引诱
To be inviting or attractive to:
吸引或引起兴趣：
A second helping tempted me. We refused the offer even though it tempted us.See Synonyms at lure
又一道菜吸引了我；非常有吸引力，我们还是拒绝了参见 lure
To provoke or to risk provoking:
冒……的风险：挑衅或冒风险：
Don't tempt fate.
不要冒命运的风险
To cause to be strongly disposed:
很想做：使很倾向于：
He was tempted to walk out.
他非常想走出去
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To be attractive or inviting:
有吸引力或诱惑力：
a meal that tempts.
非常有吸引力的一餐

Middle English tempten
中古英语 tempten
from Old French tempter
源自 古法语 tempter
from Latin tempt³e [to feel, try]
源自 拉丁语 tempt³e [感觉，尝试]

tempt“able
adj.（形容词）
tempt“er
n.（名词）

tempt
[tempt]
vt.
引诱; 诱惑, 引起(食欲等)
吸引; 使发生兴趣
冒...的风险
[古]尝试, 考验; [古]蔑视; 激怒
never to be tempted off the straight path
决不被引入歧途
tempt sb. to steal
诱人偷窃
tempt the storm
冒着暴风雨的危险
tempt fate [fortune]
蔑视命运; 冒险
tempt providence
冒大险
I am tempted to question this.
我很想问问这件事。
Can't I tempt you to have another helping?
再吃一点好吗?

temptability
[7temptE5biliti]
n.
可诱惑性
temptable
[`temptEbl]
adj.
易被引诱的, 可诱惑的
tempter
[`temptE(r)]
n.
诱惑者, 诱惑物
[the Tempt ]魔鬼

tempt
来自拉丁语temptare试力量

tempt
appealattractenticeinterestinvitelureseducetantalizetitillate

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individual
[7indi5vidjuEl]
n.
个人, 个体
adj.
个别的, 单独的, 个人的

individual
in.di.vid.u.al
AHD:[¹n”d…-v¹j“›-…l]
D.J.[7ind*6vid9u8*l]
K.K.[7!nd*6v!d9u*l]
adj.（形容词）
Of or relating to an individual, especially a single human being:
个体的，个人的：属于个体的，或与某个个体，尤指某个人有关的：
individual consciousness.
自觉
By or for one person:
一个人的：个人完成的或个人所使用的：
individual work; an individual portion.
一个人的工作；一个人的份量
Existing as a distinct entity; separate:
单独的，分开的：作为可区别的个体存在的；分离的：
individual drops of rain.
雨点
Marked by or expressing individuality; distinctive or individualistic:
个性的：显露出或表现出独特性的；有特点的，有个性的：
an individual way of dressing.
个人的穿着方式
Special; particular:
独特的：特别的；有独自特点的：
Each variety of melon has its individual flavor and texture.
每一种不同的瓜都有自己独特的味道和品质
Serving to identify or set apart:
特有的，独有的：可以用来辨别或区分特别之处的：
“There was nothing individual about him except a deep scar . . . across his right cheek”(Rebecca West)
“他除了右颊有一道深深的伤疤外，没有什么其它特征”(丽贝卡·韦斯特)
n.（名词）
A single human being considered apart from a society or community:
个体：被认为是社会或群体对立面的单个的人：
the rights of the individual.
个体的权力
A human being regarded as a unique personality:
个人：具有自己独特个性的作为个体存在的人：
always treated her clients as individuals.
她将每个客户视为不同的个体
A person distinguished from others by a special quality.
不同的人：因某种特殊之处而与其他人不同的人
Usage Problem A person.
【用法疑难】 人：单个人
A single animal or plant as distinguished from a species, community, or group.
动植物个体：与物种、组织或群体相对立的作为个体存在的单个动物或植物
A member of a collection or set; a specimen.
成员，样本：一群或一套中的一个；标本

Middle English [single, indivisible]
中古英语 [单个的，不可分的]
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Medieval Latin indº³lis}
源自 中世纪拉丁语 indº³lis}
from Latin indºs
源自 拉丁语 indºs
in- [not] * see in- 1
in- [不] *参见 in-1
dºs [divisible]  from dºe [to divide]
dºs [可分的]  源自 dºe [分解]

in”divid“ually
adv.（副词）

The noun individual  is used unexceptionably when it refers to an individual person as opposed to a larger social group or as distinguished from others by some special quality:  
当指作为大的社会群体的对立面或以一些特殊的性质与其他人不同的单个的人时，用individual 这个名词是恰如其分的：
“This is not only a crisis of individuals, but also of a society” (Raymond Williams).
“这不仅仅是个人的危机，而且是社会的危机” （雷蒙德·威廉姆斯）。
She is a real individual.
她是一个真正有个性的人。
Since the 19th century, however, there have been numerous critical objections to use of the word to refer simply to “a person” where no larger contrast is implied, as in Two individuals were placed under arrest  or  The Mayor will make time for any individual who wants to talk to her.   In such contexts the words person  and  people  will usually do the same semantic job with less affectation.
不过19世纪以后，这个词被用来仅指“一个人”，而没有暗含与群体相对的意思；但这种用法引起了很多批评和反对。例如在两人被捕了 或 谁要想和市长谈谈，她都愿意腾出时间来 这两句话中。在这样的上下文中， 用person 和 people 可以表达同样的意思，也不显得矫揉造作

individual
[7indi5vidjuEl]
adj.
个人[体, 别]的; 单独的
独特的; 个性的, 有特性的
只供一人用的
individual economy
个体经济
an individual style
独特风格
individual saltcellars
各人独用的餐碟

individual
[7indi5vidjuEl]
n.
个人; 个体; 独立单位
[俚]人
【逻】(命题演算中最小逻辑的)参考名词或参考变量
association individual
群丛个体
native-born individual
本地出生的人
primary individual
家长
private individual
私人; 个人
secondary individuals
(除开家长的)家庭成员
rights of individuals
个人权利
a rather odd individual
一个颇为奇特的人

individualism
[IndI5vIdjJElIz(E)m]
n.
个人主义; 利已主义
个性; 独特性
(资本主义国家政府对私营企业的)不干涉主义, 自由放任主义
单独 存在
并体共生 个人主义者

individual
[7indi5vidjuEl]
adj.
个人主义(者)的
individually
[IndI5vIdjJElI]
adv.

individual
in-不+dividual 分开的=不可分开的

individual
beinghumanmanonepersonalseparatesinglespecialentiregeneralwhole

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spurious
[5spjuEriEs]
adj.
伪造的, 假造的, 欺骗的

spurious
spu.ri.ous
AHD:[spy‹r“¶-…s]
D.J.[6spju*ri8*s]
K.K.[6spj&ri*s]
adj.（形容词）
Lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not genuine; false.
假的，伪造的，欺骗性的：本质上或起源上缺乏可靠性或合理性；不真实的；假的
Of illegitimate birth.
私生的
Botany Similar in appearance but unlike in structure or function. Used of plant parts.
【植物学】 假的：外形相似而结构和功能不同的。用于植物

From Late Latin spurius
源自 后期拉丁语 spurius
from Latin [illegitimate]
源自 拉丁语 [私生的]
[probably of Etruscan origin]
[可能来源于伊斯坎特语的]

spu“riously
adv.（副词）
spu“riousness
n.（名词）

spurious
[5spjuEriEs]
adj.
假的, 伪造的
假性的
私生的
(论证等)不合逻辑的, 谬误的
a spurious eye
假眼
spurious issue
私生子女
a spurious fruit
假果
spurious oscillation
【物】乱真振荡

spuriously
adv.
spuriousness
n.

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payment
[5peimEnt]
n.
付款, 支付, 报酬, 偿还, 报应, 惩罚

payment
pay.ment
AHD:[p³“m…nt]
D.J.[6peim*nt]
K.K.[6pem*nt]
n.Abbr. pmt., pt., payt.（名词）缩写 pmt.， pt.， payt.
The act of paying or the state of being paid.
支付：支付或得到报酬的行为或状态
An amount paid:
支付数额：
received a large payment.
得到一大笔钱
One's due, reward, or punishment; requital.
报偿，报应：一个人应得报酬、报答、惩罚；补偿，赔偿

payment
[5peimEnt]
n.
支付, 缴纳, 支付款(额)
报酬; 报偿, 补偿
报应, 惩罚

suspend payment
无力支付, 宣布破产
token payment
象征性偿付(偿付所欠的一小部分, 作为承认该债务的象征)
transfer payment
[美]用于失业救济等公共事业方面的开支
payment at full (= payment in full)
全付清
payment in kind
实物支付
payment on account
分期偿还
payment on terms
定期付款

additional payment
追加[额外]支付额
advance payment
预付, 预付款项
advance payment for services
预付劳务费用
advance payment of bond
债券提前偿还
advance payment of premium
预缴保费
advance rental payment
预付租金
allowance payment
津贴支付
amortizationpayment
摊提款, 分期偿还款
anticipate payment
先期付款
authorized deferred payment
批准延期缴纳的税款
back payment
逾期支付
balloon payment
分期付款中最后一笔较大金额的付款
bilateral payments
双边支付
bonus payment
奖金支出
budgetary payments
预算付款
car loan payment
支付汽车贷款
cash payment
现金支付, 以现金支付的款项
cash payment on account
偿还欠款
child support payment
儿童抚养费
contractual payment
债务偿还
coupon payments
息票支付
current payments
经常性付款
daily payment
日付款
debt service payment
偿还债务
deferred payment
延迟付款
delayed  payment
延迟付款
disability payments
残废救济金
due payment
定期付款
easy payment
分期付款
effect payment
履行付款, 支付款项
entitlement payment
津贴, 补助
equalization payment
平衡支付
evade payment of duty
避税
ex gratia payment
通融付款, 惠给金
exchange payments
外币付款
expectation payment
期望支付
external payment
国外支付
factor payment
生产要素支付
favourable trade payment
贸易顺差
force payment
强迫支付
foreign payment
国外支付
forward payment
预付款
full payment
全部付款
future service payments
未来的债务还本付息额
illegal payment
非法付款
immediate payment
即时付款, 立即支付
incentive payment
奖金
initialpayment
初付费, 首期付款
installment payment
分期付款的支付
installment payment of tax
分期缴税
inter-company transfer payments
联营公司间内部转帐支付
interest payment
支付利息
international (interest) payment
国际(利息)支付
intra-company transfer payments
公司内部转帐支付
large down payments
大量现付
late payment
逾期付款
least payment
最低限额缴款数
level payment
平均支付
local tax payment
地方税款缴纳
lump sum payment
总付
minimum annuity payment
最低限度年金
miscellaneous payments
杂项付款
money payment
货币报酬
month-end payment
月末支付
multilateral payments
多边支付
non-commercial payment
非贸易支付
nontax payments
非税性负担的支付金额
optional instalment payment
有选择权的分期付款
outstanding payment
拖延支付, 搁置已久的付款, 积欠
overdue payment
逾期付款
overtime payment
加班工资
part payment
部分付款[支付], 预付部分
partial payment
分批[部分]付款
payroll payment
发薪
periodic payment
定期付款
petty cash payments
小额现金支付
private payments
私人支付
production payment
(石油)高产费
progress payments
施工分期付款
progressive payment
累计支付[付款]
progressive (rate) payment
按进度付款
prompt payment
立即付款
public welfare payment
公共福利支出
quality payment
按质论价
quarterly payment
按季付款
rate payment
缴税
ready payment
付现款
redundancy payment (=dismissal pay, retirement pay, severance pay)
解雇费, 退职金
relief payment
救济金
relocation payments
重新安置费付款
rental payment
租费
retirement payment
退休金
reverse payments
反向支付(归还)
reward payment
奖金
royalty payment
特许使用金
scheduled payment
定期付款
separation payment
离职费
service payments as percentage of exports of goods and services
还本付息额占货物和劳务出口额的百分比
sight payment
凭单据付款
signature payment
签字费
single payment
整笔支付
small down payments
小量现付
social security payments
社会保险[保障]的付款
specie payment
硬币[现金]支付
spot payment
现付
staff payment
职工开支
sundry payments
各种即期付款
superannuation payment
退休金, 养老金
suspense payments
暂付款
tax payment
完税, 纳税
tax payment by substitute
以代用品缴税
tax payment in kind
实物纳税
temporary payment
暂付款
time payment
计时工资, 分期付款
trade payment
贸易收支
transfer payment
转拨款项, 转移[让]支付, 转让性付款, [美]用于失业救济等公共事业方面的开支
transitional payment
过渡性支出
treasury payment
国库支付
unfavorable balance payment
支付逆差
unilateral payment
直接结汇, 单边支付
utility payment
效用报偿
voluntary payment
提前偿付, 自行付款
war damage payments
战争损失补偿
welfare payments
福利金
withhold payment
不予支付, 免费
yearly payment
年费
payment at a certain time after sight
见票后若干日付款
payment at a fixed future time
规定的将来日期付款
payment at sight
见票即付, 即期付款
payment by bill
凭汇票付款
payment by draft
凭汇票付款
payment by intervention
(第三人)参加付款
payment by mistake of fact
误付
payment by results
[英]按学生成绩评定教师工资制
payment by transfer
拨付
payment for honour
参加付款
payment of a note
票据清偿
payment of balance
付给尾数, 支付余数
payment of debts
偿还债务
payment of duty
付税
payment of freight
运费支付
payment of labour
劳动报酬
payment of overseas accounts
支付国外帐款
payment of prior-year obligations
拨付以前年度的拨款授权款
payment of shares
交付股金
payment on delivery
交货付款

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payoff
[5peiC:f]
n.
发工资, 付清, 盈利, <口>(故事等的)高潮, 报应, 贿赂
adj.
决定性的

payoff
pay.off
AHD:[p³“ôf”, -¼f”]
D.J.[6pei7%8f, -7%f]
K.K.[6pe7%f, -7$f]
n.（名词）
Full payment of a salary or wages.
发工资或薪金
The time of such payment.
发薪日：发放工资或薪水的日子
Informal
【非正式用语】
A final settlement or reckoning.
决定因素：最终的解决或结帐
The climax of a narrative or sequence of events.
高潮：故事或一系列事件的高潮
Final retribution or revenge.
报应：最后的报复或复仇
Informal A bribe.
【非正式用语】 贿赂

payoff
[5peiC:f]
n.
清算; 偿清, 支付
成[结]果, 收效, 报酬
发工资(日)
放线[松卷]装置
性能指标
(事 件, 叙述等的)高潮
决定性的事[因素]

payoff
[5peiC:f]
adj.
决定的, 得出结果的

capital payoff
资本偿还期; 投资收回期限
combined payoff
联合报酬
ex ante payoff
事先偿付
ex post payoff
事后偿付
expected payoff
期望支付
net payoff
付清贷款本息
scientific payoffs
科学成果

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guard against
提防, 预防

guard
[^B:d]
n.
警卫[戒], (监狱)看守者
哨[卫]兵; 警卫; [the Guard ]英国等皇家禁卫军;【航海】护航舰
防护装置; (车的)挡泥板; (枪的)保险
(击剑, 拳击)防护姿式, 防护术
[英](=[美]conductor)列车员; (列车上的)制动手; (足, 篮球的)卫, 后卫
keep guard
实行警戒
the guard of honour
仪仗队
the advanced [rear] guard
前[后]卫
life guard
救生员
mud guard
挡泥板
Be on your guard against pickpockets.
谨防扒手。
The sentry is on guard.
那哨兵在担任警戒。

guard
[^B:d]
vt.
警[保, 守]卫
看守, 监视(犯人等)
谨慎使用(言词等)
给...加?ぷ爸? 对...进行校正检查
【医】对...配用矫正剂
guard one's life [reputation]
?ど黐名誉]
The warehouse is guarded.
库房有人看守。
Guard your tongue.
当心, 不可乱说。
guard
[^B:d]
vi.
提[预]防 (against)
警卫, 看守
(击剑时)取守势
guard against disease [accidents, bad habits, suspicion]
预防疾病[意外, 恶习, 嫌疑]

guard-boat
n.
巡逻艇
guard-book
n.
(钉线上衬有厚线条条的)剪贴[相片]簿
guardhouse
[5^B:dhaJs]
n.
警卫室; 禁闭室
guard-officer
n.
【军】联络官
guard-rail
n.
铁道护轨, (楼梯的)栏杆
guardroom
[5^B:dru:m, 5^B:drJm]
n.
卫兵[警卫]室
禁闭室
guarder
[5^B:dE]
n.
guardless
adj.

be off one's guard
疏忽, 大意, 不提防
不值班
catch sb. off  guard
乘某人不备; 使人措手不及
catch sb. off his guard
乘某人不备; 使人措手不及
come off guard
【军】离防; 下防
lower one's guard
丧失警惕
drop  one's guard
丧失警惕
get past sb.'s guard
冲破某人的防御(指拳击; 击剑等)
keep  guard
站岗, 放哨
stand guard
站岗, 放哨
mount guard
站岗, 放哨
keep sb. under close guard
把某人置于严密监视下
off guard
不当班; 不备, 疏忽
old guard
某一事业(或主张)的老一辈的维护者
守旧派, 保守分子
on guard
值[当]班, 警戒, 准备防御
on one's guard
警戒[提防]着
put  sb. off his guard
使某人不提防
throw sb. off his guard
使某人不提防
set sb. on  guard
使某人提防
put  sb. on  guard
使某人提防
put  sb. on his guard
使某人提防
set sb. on his guard
使某人提防
relieve  guard
接[换]岗
change guard
接[换]岗
row the guard
用小船在军舰周围巡逻
run the guard
偷过哨兵线
stand guard over
看守
stand  on  one's guard
警戒, 提防
stand   upon one's guard
警戒, 提防
be on  one's guard
警戒, 提防
be upon one's guard
警戒, 提防
lie on  one's guard
警戒, 提防
lie upon one's guard
警戒, 提防
turn out the guard
集合警卫人员
[口令]警卫队持枪列队
guard against
提防, 预防

adjustable guard
可调防护挡板
air-antitank guard
空中防坦克监视哨
anti splash guard
挡泥板, 挡溅板; 切削液挡板
antispray guard (plate)
防油喷溅护板
aqueous weir guard
水相堰板
ashpan axle guard
灰盘车轴护挡
axle box guard
轴箱导板
back side guard
轧机出口侧的推床导板
balance guard
摆轮护板
balanced guard
平衡卫板, 平衡防护装置, 吊挂卫板
bell guard
护手盘
brush lipless guard
(割草机切割器的)平顶短护刃器
burner guard
护焰罩
canopy guard
护顶
channel-section-bar guard
(带锯的)安全导槽
chip guard
切屑防护器, 防屑罩
coast guard
缉私人员; 海岸警卫队
connecting wires guard
引线护板
corona guard
电晕?ど璞?
cutter guard
切割器护刃器
derailment guard
出轨防止器
dirt  guardkey
防尘罩, 挡泥板
dust guard
防尘罩, 挡泥板
elbow guard
护肘
eye guard
护目罩, 眼罩
face guard
防护面具
flash guard
防弧装置, 闪络防止器
grain (saving) guard
禾谷扶倒器, 扶茎器, 扶穗器, 果穗导板
grit guard
抛?ぐ?
heat guard
绝热体
heavy-duty guard
加强护刃器, 重型护刃器
ice guard
破冰器; 破冰船; 冰挡
implosion guard
(电视接收机)防爆玻璃
journal packing guard
轴箱油垫挡
knee guard
护膝
life guard
救生员
(机车)排障器
lifting guard
扶倒器、 扶茎器, 扶穗器, 果穗导板; [采矿]井口防护栏
lightning guard
避雷针, 避雷器, 雷电?て?
lipless guard
(切割器的)无唇护刃器, 无上舌护刃器, 平顶护刃器
magnetic guard
磁性钢丝面罩
main rod guard
主杆护架
metatarsal guard
脚面罩(防止重物压脚)
movable side guards
推床的活动导板
pedal guard
踏板安全装置
pick-up guard
扶倒器, 扶茎器, 扶穗器
pick up guard
扶倒器, 扶茎器, 扶穗器
prevention guard
防火队, 护林员
radiator guard
散热器罩, 水箱罩
radio guard
【讯】无线电警戒
safe(ty) guard
防护装置
安全板, 安全罩
安全吊环
保险装置
saw guard
锯罩
shoulder guard
防护板, 护肩甲板, 防肩
spring guard
弹簧护板
spur guard
保险销
surge guard
振荡闭锁装置
weed guard
(割草机的)平顶护刃器
wheel guard
车轮挡板, 护轮板
轮罩
汽车挡泥板
winch guard
绞车护板
window dust guard
窗口挡尘板

见 defend

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psychograph
[5saikE^rB:f]
n.
心理描绘图

psychograph
psy.cho.graph
AHD:[sº“k…-gr²f”]
D.J.[6saik*7gr#f]
K.K.[6sa!k*7gr#f]
n.（名词）
A graphic representation or chart of the personality traits of an individual or a group.
心理记录表：一种个人或群体的性格特征的图示或图表

psy”chograph“ic
adj.（形容词）

psychograph
[5saikE^rB:f]
n.
【心理】心理图案; 无意识手动描记器; 分析性格的传记

psychographic
adj.
psychographically
adv.

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spur
[spE:]
n.
踢马剌, 剌激物, (鸟, 虫等的)距, 刺激
v.
鞭策, 刺激, 疾驰, 驱策

SPUR
=Space Power Unit Reactor宇宙飞行电源装置用的反应堆

spur
spur
AHD:[spûr]
D.J.[sp*8]
K.K.[sp)]
n.（名词）
A short spike or spiked wheel that attaches to the heel of a rider's boot and is used to urge a horse forward.
马刺，靴刺：短的尖状物或者连在骑马者靴后根上带刺的轮，用来刺激马快跑
Something that serves as a goad or an incentive.
刺激，激励，鞭策：充当刺激物或刺激动因的东西
A spurlike attachment or projection, as:
突出物：尖刺状的附加物或凸起物，如：
A spinelike process on the leg of some birds.
鸟腿上的针刺状的突起
A climbing iron; a crampon.
刺铁：向上攀爬用的尖铁钉
A gaff attached to the leg of a gamecock.
斗鸡腿上拴的铁钩
A short or stunted branch of a tree.
短枝：树上短或奇特的分枝
A bony outgrowth or protuberance.
骨刺：骨附属多余的旁枝或突起物
A lateral ridge projecting from a mountain or mountain range.
山嘴，尖坡，山鼻子：从山或山脉中突出的水脊
An oblique reinforcing prop or stay of timber or masonry.
支柱，支墩：增加力量的倾斜支撑物或砖石及木材的墩子
Botany A tubular or saclike extension of the corolla or calyx of a flower, as in a columbine or larkspur.
【植物学】 花冠或花萼管状或囊液状的扩张，如在耧斗花或飞燕中
An ergot growing on rye.
麦角病：长在黑麦上的麦角病
A spur track.
支线
v.（动词）
spurred， spur.ring， spurs
v.tr.（及物动词）
To urge (a horse) on by the use of spurs.
用刺刺激（马）前进
To incite or stimulate:
刺激，鞭策：
“A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment”(New York Times)
“需要用减少商业税的办法刺激工业投资”(纽约时报)
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To ride quickly by spurring a horse.
刺马而飞奔
To proceed in haste.
急促前行

Middle English spure
中古英语 spure
from Old English spura * see sper…-
源自 古英语 spura *参见 sper…-

spur
[spE:]
n.
踢马刺, 靴刺
刺激物, 动力, 起促进作用的东西; 驱策; 鼓舞
树根
(攀爬用)刺铁, 铁钉助爬器
山嘴, 山鼻子, 尖坡, 悬岩, 支脉
象马刺般突出的东西;【动】(鸟类、虫类等的)距; (斗鸡时加在鸡腿上的)距铁;【植】花距, 短枝
(军舰的)冲角
【建】凸壁, 支撑物, (铁路)支线
(代数的)迹(数); 痕[径, 矩阵]迹
齿(轮)
排出口[器], 孔
This book is a spur to the child's imagination.
这本书能促进孩子的想象力。

spur
[spE:]
vt.
(spurred; spurring)
用踢马刺催促(马); 装(靴刺[刺铁等])
刺激, 鼓舞, 鞭策
斗鸡时用距铁踢(伤)
spur sb. up to [on to, into] action
激励某人
Pride spurred the man to fight.
自尊心刺激他去决斗 。
spur
[spE:]
vi.
用靴刺踢马, 催马前进, 驱赶(on)
疾驰
spur on [forward] to the destination
向目的地疾驰而去

spurdog
n.
自斑角鲨
spurgall
[`sp\:^R:l]
n.
(马腹的)靴刺伤

spur
[spE:]
vt.
用靴刺踢伤, 弄伤
spur-gear
n.
正齿轮, 直齿[圆柱齿]轮
spur-gearing
n.
正齿轮传动装置
spur-of-the-moment
adj.
一时冲动的; 立即的
spurpinion
n.
正小齿轮
spurroad
n.
岔路
spurwheel
n.
正齿轮
spurwort
[`sp\:w\:t]
n.
茜草属植物
spurless
adj.
没有马刺的; 没有距的; 没有花距的
spurred
[sp\:d]
adj.
有马刺的; 有距的(指鸟)
spurrer
n.
激励者
spurrier
[`sp\:rIE(r), `spQ-]
n.
制造马刺者

need the spur
需要用靴刺踢, 需加激励
on [upon] the spur
飞快地, 火急
on the spur of the moment
一时冲动之下; 不加思索地
毫无准备地, 当场, 即席; 当时, 即刻
put  [set] spurs to
用靴刺踢, 激励
win [gain] one's spurs
【史】因功被封为骑士; 得到荣誉; 飞黄腾达, 出名
with whip and spur (=with spur and yard)
快马加鞭地, 立刻, 马上
spur on
鞭策..., 激励..., 疾驰

basal spur
基距
conical spur
锥距
coxal spur
基节刺, 基节距
external spur
外距
facetted spur
三角(山)嘴, 削切(山)坡, 截切山嘴
fruit spur
果枝
galactic radio spur
银河射电支
internal spur
内距
meander spur
【地质】曲流山嘴
nectariferous spur
蜜距
non-slipping spur
防滑块
North Polar S-
北银极射电支
pole spur
极靴凸出部分
praecostal spur
缘前拟脉
tarsal spur
跗节距
tibia [tibial] spur
胫距
trimmed spur
修切山嘴
trochanter spur
转节距
truncated spur
削断山嘴

SPUR
=Space Power Unit Reactor宇宙飞行电源装置用的反应堆

spur
goadprodprovokeurge

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procure
[prE5kjuE]
v.
获得, 取得

procure
pro.cure
AHD:[pr½-ky‹r“, pr…-]
D.J.[prou6kju*r, pr*-]
K.K.[pro6kj&r, pr*-]
v.（动词）
pro.cured， pro.cur.ing， pro.cures
v.tr.（及物动词）
To get by special effort; obtain or acquire:
获得，取得：通过特别的努力得到；获得或取得：
managed to procure a pass.
设法获取护照
To bring about; effect:
实现；完成：
procure a solution to a knotty problem.
解决了一个棘手的问题
To obtain for another (a person) for sex acts.
拉皮条：为（某人）做淫媒
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To obtain sexual partners for others.
拉皮条：为其他人寻求性伙伴

Middle English procuren
中古英语 procuren
from Old French procurer [to take care of]
源自 古法语 procurer [照管，照料]
from Latin pr½¿r³re} [to take care of]
源自 拉丁语 pr½¿r³re} [照料]
pr½- [for] * see pro- 1
pr½- [为了] *参见 pro-1
c¿³re} [to care for]  from c¿a [care] * see cure
c¿³re} [照看]  源自 c¿a [照料] *参见 cure

procur“able
adj.（形容词）
procur“ance 或
procure“ment
n.（名词）

procure
[prE5kjuE]
vt.
取得, 实现, 达成, 促成
[古, 诗]招致, 引起
介绍(娼妓)
引诱, 说服
procure a position
谋得一职业
Driving fast procured the accident.
开飞车导致了这场事故。

procure
[prE5kjuE]
vi.
介绍娼妓, 拉皮条

procureable
adj.
procurer
[prE5kjJErE(r)]
n.
获[取]得者
蓄养娼妓的人
procuress
[prEJ`kjJErIs]
n.
鸨母

procure
acquirebuygetobtainpurchasesecure

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progressive
[prE5^resiv]
n.
改革论者, 进步论者
adj.
前进的, (税收)累进的, 进步的

progressive
pro.gres.sive
AHD:[pr…-grµs“¹v]
D.J.[pr*6gresiv]
K.K.[pr*6grWs!v]
adj.（形容词）
Moving forward; advancing.
进步的：向前进的，向前的
Proceeding in steps; continuing steadily by increments:
渐进的：一步一步渐进的；稳定地逐量继续的：
progressive change.
循序渐进的变化
Promoting or favoring progress toward better conditions or new policies, ideas, or methods:
进步主义的：提倡或支持向更好的情况、新政策、新思想或新方法前进的：
a progressive politician; progressive business leadership.
进步主义的政客；进步主义商业领导
Progressive Of or relating to a Progressive Party:
Progressive 进步党的：进步党的或与这有关的：
the Progressive platform of 1924.
一九二四年的进步党纲领
Of or relating to progressive education:
进步的：属于进步的教育的，或与之有关的：
a progressive school.
实行进步教育法的学校
Increasing in rate as the taxable amount increases:
渐次的，累进的：象可征税的数量增长一样在数率上增长的：
a progressive income tax.
累进所得税
Pathology Tending to become more severe or wider in scope:
【病理学】 愈来愈严重的：趋向于更严重的或在范围上更宽的：
progressive paralysis.
更加严重的瘫痪
Grammar Designating a verb form that expresses an action or condition in progress.
【语法】 进行的：规定动词形式的，这种形式表明进行中的动作或状态
n.（名词）
A person who actively favors or strives for progress toward better conditions, as in society or government.
进步人士：积极支持或争取朝好的形势进步的人，尤指在社会或政论领域方面
Progressive A member or supporter of a Progressive Party.
Progressive 进步党党员：进步党党员或其支持者
Grammar A progressive verb form.
【语法】 动词的进行体

progres“sively
adv.（副词）
progres“siveness
n.（名词）

progressive
[prE5^resiv]
adj.
进步的, 先进的, 上进的, 进取的
前进的, 发展的
渐次的, 逐渐的, 渐进的
主张进步的, [Progressive ]进步党的
【医】进行性的
【语】进行(时)的
(几组桥牌中)搭档的人(或几张桌子间)进行轮换的
a progressive policy
进步政策
progressive elements
进步人士
progressive taxation
累计税(制)
progressive assimilation
【语】顺行同化
the progressive tense (form)
(时态的)进行式
There is often a progressive loss of sight in old age.
上了年纪的人视力逐步减退。

progressive
[prE5^resiv]
n.
进步分子, 进步人士, 革新主义者
改良主义者
[Progressive ](美国)进步党党员

progressively
adv.
progressiveness
n.

progressivism
[prEJ`^resIvIzEm]
n.
进步主义, 改革主义
顺序渐进的教育理论 -
progressivist
n.
progressivity
n.
进展性, 发展性

future progressive
将来进行时
future perfect progressive
将来完成进行时
present progressive
现在进行时
present perfect progressive
现在完成进行时
preterite progressive
过去进行时
preterite perfect progressive
过去完成进行时

progressive
progress 前进，进步＋-ive 形容词兼名词后缀

progressive
conservative

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fierce
[fiEs]
adj.
凶猛的, 猛烈的, 热烈的, 暴躁的<美>极讨厌的, 难受的, <英方>精力旺盛的

fierce
fierce
AHD:[fîrs]
D.J.[fi*s]
K.K.[f!rs]
adj.（形容词）
fierc.er， fierc.est
Having a savage and violent nature; ferocious.See Synonyms at cruel
凶猛的，残忍的：有野蛮的和残忍的性质的；凶猛的参见 cruel
Extremely severe or violent; terrible:
可怕的：极其可怕的或极为猛烈的；可怕的：
“the fierce thunders roar me their music”(Ezra Pound)
“巨大的雷声在我耳边轰鸣”(埃兹拉·庞德)
Extremely intense or ardent:
非常的，极端的：极端强烈或激烈的：
fierce loyalty.See Synonyms at intense
忠心耿耿参见 intense
Strenuously active or resolute:
强烈的：非常积极或坚定的：
a fierce attempt to escape.
逃跑的强烈愿望
Informal Very difficult or unpleasant:
【非正式用语】 很难或不愉快的：
a fierce exam.
一场很难的考试
Savage or threatening in appearance.
野蛮的：长相凶恶的或面目狰狞的

Middle English fiers
中古英语 fiers
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Latin ferus * see ghwer-
源自 拉丁语 ferus *参见 ghwer-

fierce“ly
adv.（副词）
fierce“ness
n.（名词）

fierce
[fiEs]
adj.
残忍的, 凶猛的
猛烈的
[英方]强劲的, 精力旺盛的
狂热的, 强烈的
[美]令人难受的, 讨厌的
a fierce fighter
勇猛的战士
a fierce wind
劲风
a fierce storm
狂风暴雨
a fierce light
刺眼的强烈光线
a fierce silence
令人难受的死一般寂静

fiercely
[`fIEslI]
adv.
fierceness
n.

fierce
源自古法语fers, fier<拉丁语ferus野的

fierce
brutalcruelferociousragingsavageviciousviolentwildgentlemeekquiet

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actuarial
[7Aktju5ZEriEl]
adj.
保险精算师的, 保险精算的

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above the fold

        1. 名词 报纸头版；报纸头版上不用展开也能看到的内容

        2. 名词 网站首页上不用下拉就能看到的位置；明显位置
    above the fold     

    
翻译解释

        
    明显位置，在网页的靠上方位置，当网页广告显示的时候，访问者不需要移动浏览器的滚动条就可以显示出来的位置
        
    在网页的

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climate
[5klaimit]
n.
气候, 风土, 思潮

climate
cli.mate
AHD:[klº“m¹t]
D.J.[6klaimit]
K.K.[6kla!m!t]
n.（名词）
The meteorological conditions, including temperature, precipitation, and wind, that characteristically prevail in a particular region.
气候：包括温度、降雨量及风等的气象条件，在某一特别地带占主导
A region of the earth having particular meteorological conditions:
地带：具有特殊气象条件的地带：
lives in a cold climate.
住在寒冷地带
A prevailing condition or set of attitudes in human affairs:
气氛，风气：人类事务的主要情形或一系列见解：
a climate of unrest.
不安的气氛

Middle English climat
中古英语 climat
from Old French
源自 古法语
from Late Latin clºa  clºmat-
源自 后期拉丁语 clºa  clºmat-
from Greek klima [surface of the earth, region] * see klei-
源自 希腊语 klima [地球表面，地带] *参见 klei-

climate
[5klaimit]
n.
气候； 水土； 地带
趋势， 倾向， 风气， 思潮
化学能平衡
合作事业的技术措施
a mild climate
温和的气候
bracing climate
令人神清气爽的气候
political climate
政治气候

arctic climate
北极气候
arid climate
干燥气候
artificial climate
人工气候
authoritarian classroom climate
严格管教的课堂气氛
coastal climate
海岸气候
continental climate
大陆气候
cotton-belt climate
棉带气候
crop climate
作物气候
desert climate
沙漠气候
ecidio climate
微生态气候
economic climate
经济形势， 经济气候
environmental climate
环境气候
equatorial climate
赤道气候
Etesian climate
地中海气候
forest climate
森林气候
frost climate
冰原气候
geologic climate
地质气候
grassland climate
牧场气候
harsh climate
严寒气候
hiemal climate
寒冷气候
highland climate
高原气候
humid climate
潮湿气候
humid temperate climate
湿润温带气候
hypothetical global climate
假说的全球气候
ice-cap climate
冰盖气候
illumination climate
光照气候
investment climate
投资环境， 投资气候
light climate
光照气候
littoral climate
海滨气候
mainland climate
大陆气候
marine climate
海洋气候
mathematical climate
数理气候
Mediterranean climate
地中海气候
megathermal climate
高温气候； 热带雨林气候
mild climate
温和气候
moist climate
湿润气候
monsoon climate
季风气候
mountain climate
山地气候； 山岳气候
normal climate
正常气候
oceanic moderate climate
海洋性温和气候
perhumid climate
过湿气候
periglacial climate
冰缘气候
plain climate
平原气候
plant climate
植物气候
polar climate
极地气候
prairie climate
牧场气候
private climate
隐蔽气候
rain forest climate
雨林气候
rainy climate
多雨气候
regional climate
区域性气候
savanna climate
稀树干草原气候
school climate
学校风气
sea climate
海洋气候
snow forest climate
雪林气候
social climate
社会风尚
steppe climate
草原气候
subarctic climate
副极带气候
taiga climate
泰加林气候
temperate rainy climate
温带多雨气候
thermal climate
热型气候
tree climate
树木气候
tropical monsoon climate
热带季风气候
tropical rainy climate
热带多雨气候
tropical savanna climate
热带稀树草原气候
tundra climate
冰原气候
west coast climate
西岸气候
wet climate
常湿气候
climate for learning
学习风气

climate
源自希腊语 klinein (倾斜)。古希腊人认为地球是向北极倾斜的，这就影响了各地区的气候

climate
elementsweather

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expedite
[5ekspidait]
v.
加速, 派出
adj.
畅通的, 迅速的

expedite
ex.pe.dite
AHD:[µk“sp¹-dºt”]
D.J.[6ekspi7dait]
K.K.[6Wksp!7da!t]
v.tr.（及物动词）
ex.pe.dit.ed， ex.pe.dit.ing， ex.pe.dites
To speed up the progress of; facilitate.
加速…的进程；促进
To perform quickly and efficiently:
迅速有效地执行：
could be trusted to expedite the matter.
…可以信赖去完成那件事
To issue officially; dispatch.
发行；发送

Latin expedºe  expedºt- [to free from entanglements, make ready] * see ped-
拉丁语 expedºe  expedºt- [摆脱纠缠；做好准备] *参见 ped-

ex“pedit”er 或
ex“pedi”tor
n.（名词）

expedite
[5ekspidait]
vt.
加快, 促进; 迅速处理(工作等)
发送[出], 急送; 派出
正式发布(公文等)

expedite
[5ekspidait]
adj.
无阻碍的, 畅通的
迅速的, 敏捷的
便利的

expediter
[`ekspidaItE(r)]
n.
加速完成紧急计划的人, 发布文件的人
expeditely
adv.

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accountability

accountability

accountability
[E7kauntE5biliti]
n.
有责任, 有义务, 可说明性

accountability
[E7kauntE5biliti]
n.
有责任, 有义务

dollar accountability
货币责任
educational accountability
[美](校外机构对学校进行的)教育工作核定; 教育责任制
input accountability
物料投入统计计量; 投料衡算计量
property accountability
财产会计责任
total accountability
全部可数性

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proprietary
[prE5praiEtEri]
adj.
所有的, 私人拥有的
n.
所有者, 所有权

proprietary
pro.pri.e.tar.y
AHD:[pr…-prº“¹-tµr”¶]
D.J.[pr*6praii7teri8]
K.K.[pr*6pra!!7tWri]
adj.Abbr. prop., pty.（形容词）缩写 prop.， pty.
Of or relating to a proprietor or to proprietors as a group:
所有人的：属于一个所有人或作为群体的所有人的，或与之有关的：
proprietary rights.
所有权
Exclusively owned; private:
私有的：独家占有的；私人的：
a proprietary hospital.
一家私人医院
Befitting an owner:
业主的：业主所特有的：
a proprietary air.
业主所特有的架子
Owned by a private individual or corporation under a trademark or patent:
专卖的，专利的：在一个专利商标或专利权下由个人或企业所有的：
a proprietary drug.
一种专卖药
n.（名词）
【复数】 pro.pri.e.tar.ies缩写 prop.， pty.
A proprietor.
业主：所有人
A group of proprietors.
一群所有人
Ownership; proprietorship.
所有权：占有权；所有权
A proprietary medicine.
专卖药品
One granted ownership of a proprietary colony.
领主：独占某殖民地所有权的人

From Middle English proprietarie [owner of property]
源自 中古英语 proprietarie [财产的占有者]
from Old French proprietaire
源自 古法语 proprietaire
and from Medieval Latin propriet³s
并源自 中世纪拉丁语 propriet³s
both from Late Latin [of a property owner]
都源自 后期拉丁语 [属于财产主人的]
from Latin propriet³s [ownership] * see property
源自 拉丁语 propriet³s [占有权] *参见 property

propri”etar“ily
adv.（副词）

proprietary
[prE5praiEtEri]
adj.
专利的, 有专利权的, 独占的
所有(人)的, 有(财)产的, 私有的

proprietary
[prE5praiEtEri]
n.
所有者, 业主
所有(权)
专卖药品
[美]【史】(独立前, 英王特许独占某块殖民地的)领主
proprietary articles
专利品
proprietary class
资产阶级; (尤指)地主阶级
proprietary company
土地兴业公司 proprietary medicine 特许专卖药品 proprietary rights 所有权

-rily
adv.

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infringe
[in5frindV]
v.
破坏, 侵犯, 违反

infringe
in.fringe
AHD:[¹n-fr¹nj“]
D.J.[in6frind9]
K.K.[!n6fr!nd9]
v.（动词）
in.fringed， in.fring.ing， in.fring.es
v.tr.（及物动词）
To transgress or exceed the limits of; violate:
违反：超越或超过限制；违犯：
infringe a contract; infringe a patent.
违反一项合同；侵犯专利权
Obsolete To defeat; invalidate.
【废语】 打败；使无效
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To encroach on someone or something; engage in trespassing:
侵害：侵害某人或侵犯某物；侵害：
an increased workload that infringed on his personal life.
增加了的工作量侵犯了他的个人生活

Latin ºe [to destroy]
拉丁语 ºe [破坏]
in- [intensive pref.] * see in- 2
in- [加强语意的前缀] *参见 in-2
frangere [to break] * see bhreg-
frangere [分离] *参见 bhreg-

infring“er
n.（名词）

infringe
[in5frindV]
vt.
破坏; 侵犯; 违犯, 违反
infringe a rule
犯规
infringe a law
犯法
infringe an oath
违背誓言

infringe
[in5frindV]
vi.
侵犯, 侵害(on, upon)
infringe upon sb.'s right
侵犯某人的权利

infringing
n.
infringer
n.

infringe
breakoversteptrespassviolate

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migrate
[mai5^reit, 5mai^reit]
vi.
移动, 移往, 移植, 随季节而移居, (鸟类的)迁徙
vt.
使移居, 使移植

migrate
mi.grate
AHD:[mº“gr³t”]
D.J.[6mai7greit]
K.K.[6ma!7gret]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
mi.grat.ed， mi.grat.ing， mi.grates
To move from one country or region and settle in another.
移居，迁徙：从一个国家或地区迁移到另一个国家或地区定居
To change location periodically, especially by moving seasonally from one region to another.
迁移，移栖：定期变换所在地，尤指季节性地从一地迁移到另一地

Latin migr³e  migr³t- * see mei- 1
拉丁语 migr³e  migr³t- *参见 mei- 1

mi“gra”tor
n.（名词）

Migrate,  which is used of people and animals,  sometimes implies a lack of permanent settlement, especially as a result of seasonal or periodic movement. Emigrate  and  immigrate  are used only of people  and imply a permanent move, generally across a political boundary. Emigrate  describes the move relative to the point of departure:  
Migrate 用于人和动物， 有时含有缺乏永久的居住地之意，尤指出于季节性或定期迁移这两个原因。Emigrate 和 immigrate 仅用来指人， 意味着永久性的迁移，一般指越过政治意义上的疆界。Emigrate 的含义与离开有关：
After the Nazis came to power in Germany, many scientists emigrated (that is, left Germany).  
纳粹夺取了德国的政权之后，许多科学家都迁走了（也就是说，离开了德国）。
By contrast, immigrate describes the move relative to the destination:  
与之相对，immigrate 指的是与到达目的有关的移动：
The promise of prosperity in the United States encouraged many people to immigrate (that is, move to the United States).
兴旺发达的前景吸引了众多的移民到美国（也就是指，迁入了美国）

migrate
[mai5^reit, 5mai^reit]
vi.
迁移; 移居(尤指移居海外)
(候鸟的)定期移栖; (鱼的)回游
【化、物】移动, 徙动

migrate
(来自拉丁语 migrare “迁移”的过去分词 migratus)

migrate
remainstay

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recency
[5ri:snsi]
n.
崭新

recency
[5ri:snsi]
n.
新近, 晚近, 近因
law of recency
【心理】近因律

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plateau
[5plAtEu, plA5tEu]
n.
高地, 高原(上升后的)稳定水平(或时期、状态)

plateau
pla.teau
AHD:[pl²-t½“]
D.J.[pl#6tou]
K.K.[pl#6to]
n.（名词）
【复数】 pla.teaus或 pla.teaux [-t½z“]
Abbr. plat.An elevated, comparatively level expanse of land; a tableland.
缩写 plat.高原：高的，比较平的大片土地；高原
A relatively stable level, period, or state:
稳定水平：比较稳定的水平、时期或状态：
Mortgage rates declined, then reached a plateau.
抵押价格下跌，然后达到稳定水平
v.intr.（不及物动词）
pla.teaued， pla.teau.ing， pla.teaus
To reach a stable level; level off:
达到稳定水平：达到稳定水平；达到平衡：
“The tension seemed to grow by degrees, then it plateaued”(Tom Clancy)
“压力看来逐级增加，然后它达到稳定水平”(汤姆·克兰西)

French
法语
from Old French platel [platter]
源自 古法语 platel [大浅盘]
from plat [flat] * see plate
源自 plat [平坦的] *参见 plate

plateau
[5plAtEu, plA5tEu]
n.
(pl. plateaux, plateaus [-z])
高原; 海底高原;【心理】学习高原(指学习上无进步也无退步的一段); 平稳状态[时期]; 停滞时期
(作摆设用的)雕花托盘; 饰匾; 金属板
平顶女帽
【物】坪
reach a plateau
开始停滞不前

plateau
[5plAtEu, plA5tEu]
vi.
达到稳定时期[状态]

plateau
plate+ -au

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precipitous
[pri5sipitEs]
adj.
陡峭的, 急躁的

precipitous
pre.cip.i.tous
AHD:[pr¹-s¹p“¹-t…s]
D.J.[pri6sipit*s]
K.K.[pr!6s!p!t*s]
adj.（形容词）
Resembling a precipice; extremely steep.See Synonyms at steep 1
险峻的：类似悬崖的；极其陡峭的参见 steep1
Having several precipices:
多悬崖的：
a precipitous bluff.
多悬崖的绝壁
Usage Problem Extremely rapid, hasty, or abrupt; precipitate:See Usage Note at precipitate
【用法疑难】 急促的，急速的：极其迅速、急促或突然的；急转直下的参见 precipitate

Probably from precipitious
可能源自 precipitious
from Latin praecipitium [precipice] * see precipice
源自 拉丁语 praecipitium [悬崖] *参见 precipice

precip“itously
adv.（副词）
precip“itousness
n.（名词）

precipitous
[pri5sipitEs]
adj.
险峻的, 陡峭的
突然的, 急转直下的
急躁的, 鲁莽的, 轻率的; 仓卒的

precipitously
adv.
precipitousness
n.

见 steep1]

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burnout
[`b\:naJt]
n.
燃尽, 烧光, 歇火

burnout
burn.out
AHD:[bûrn“out”]
D.J.[6b*8n7aut]
K.K.[6b)n7a&t]
n.（名词）
A failure in a device attributable to burning, excessive heat, or friction.
烧毁，烧坏：由于燃烧、超高热或摩擦引起的设备故障
Aerospace
【太空学】
The termination of rocket or jet-engine operation because of fuel exhaustion or shutoff.
停烧：火箭或喷射发动机因燃料耗尽或切断而停止工作
The point at which this termination occurs.
停烧时刻：这种时期发生的时刻
Physical or emotional exhaustion, especially as a result of long-term stress or dissipation.
耗尽，精疲力尽：体力或感情的枯竭，特别指因长期压抑或放荡而造成的后果
One who is worn out physically or emotionally, as from long-term stress.
精疲力尽者：长期压抑而使体力或感情耗尽的人

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cap
[kAp]
n.
帽子, 军帽, (瓶)帽, (笔)帽
vt.
戴帽子, 盖在...顶上

CAP
abbr.
 （欧共体）共同农业政策 (Common Agricultural Policy)

cap
cap 1
AHD:[k²p]
D.J.[k#p]
K.K.[k#p]
n.（名词）
A usually soft and close-fitting head covering, either having no brim or with a visor.
便帽：一种通常是柔软的和紧缩的头部遮盖物，无帽檐或有帽舌
A special head covering worn to indicate rank, occupation, or membership in a particular group:
帽子：一种特殊的头部遮盖物，戴上以显示级别、职业或一特殊团体的会员资格：
a cardinal's cap; a sailor's cap.
红衣主教帽；水手帽
An academic mortarboard. Used especially in the phrase cap and gown.  
学位帽：一种表示学位的帽子。尤用在cop and gown 这一短语中
A protective cover or seal, especially one that closes off an end or a tip:
帽状物，盖子：保护性的遮盖或密封物，尤其是关闭一头或一端的这类物品：
a bottle cap; a 35-millimeter lens cap.
瓶塞；35毫米的透视镜盖
A crown for covering or sealing a tooth.
齿冠：遮盖或密封牙齿的冠状物
A tread for a worn pneumatic tire.
修过的轮胎底：加在已磨损的充气轮胎上的一层新橡胶
A fitted covering used to seal a well or large pipe.
封闭盖：用以封闭井或大管子的盖子
A summit or top, as of a mountain.
巅峰，最高处：巅峰或最高处，如山的顶部
An upper limit; a ceiling:
上限：上面的限定；上限：
placed a cap on mortgage rates.
给抵押利率定一个上限
Architecture The capital of a column.
【建筑学】 柱头
Botany
【植物学】
The top part, or pileus, of a mushroom.
菌盖：蘑菇的上部或菌盖
A calyptra.
藓帽；根冠
A percussion cap.
雷管
A small explosive charge enclosed in paper for use in a toy gun.
纸弹药：用纸装的一小团爆炸物，用于玩具枪中
Any of several sizes of writing paper, such as foolscap.
稿纸：几种稿纸尺寸的任一种，如大页书写纸
v.tr.（及物动词）
capped， cap.ping， caps
To cover, protect, or seal with a cap.
加帽于：用帽或塞来遮盖、保护或密封
To award a special cap to as a sign of rank or achievement:
授帽：授予…一顶特殊的帽子作为其级别或成就的标志：
capped the new women nurses at graduation.
在毕业时给新一批女护士颂发护士帽
To lie over or on top of; cover:
遮蔽：置于…上面或顶上；遮蔽：
hills capped with snow.
顶上盖着雪的小山
To apply the finishing touch to; complete:
完成：给…画上最后的点睛之笔；完成：
cap a meal with dessert.
在一餐饭的结尾端上甜点
To follow with something better; surpass or outdo:
做得更好：用更好的事物来接续；超过或胜过：
capped his last trick with a disappearing act that brought the audience to its feet.
最后的压轴好戏是使自己消失不见，这使得观众为之倾倒
To set an upper limit on:
给…定一个上限：
decided to cap cost-of-living increases.
决定给生活费用的上涨制定一个上限

cap in hand
Respectfully or humbly; unpretentiously.
尊敬地或卑躬地；谦逊地
set (one's) cap for
To attempt to attract and win as a mate.
女追男，挑逗男子：竭力吸引或赢得…使成为配偶

Middle English cappe
中古英语 cappe
from Old English cæppe
源自 古英语 cæppe
from Late Latin cappa
源自 后期拉丁语 cappa

cap
cap 2
AHD:[k²p] 【非正式用语】
D.J.[k#p]
K.K.[k#p]
n.（名词）
A capital letter.
大写字母
v.tr.（及物动词）
capped， cap.ping， caps
To capitalize.
大写

Shortened form of capital 1
capital1的简写形式

CAP
CAP
abbr.（略语）
Civil Air Patrol.
民航巡逻

cap
[kAp]
n.
便帽, 无边帽, 制服帽, 军帽, 头巾
表示职业或等级的帽子(如:大主教的法冠, 大学方帽等)
盖, 塞, 顶, 笔套, 鞋尖, 鞘套, 插座
【军】火帽, 雷管
【建】柱头, 棚架顶梁
【矿】顶板岩石
【数】求交运算
桅帽
【解】膝盖骨
【植】根冠, 菌盖; 果壳
[英俚]子宫帽
[美俚]胶囊毒品(迷幻药等)
脱帽礼
(南北)极顶
大写字母
纸张的大小尺寸
(窑炉的)拱顶
切头(玻璃圆筒两端)
管底 ⑵⑽引出线 ⑵
薄的包装纸 ⑵
酒帽(酒发酵时的浮沫) ⑵
焰晕

cap
[kAp]
vt.
[苏](大学)授学位给...
覆盖, 给...戴帽
装雷管在...上
包覆顶端
胜过, 凌驾
接引(诗句)
向...脱帽致意
除去...的盖
空中掩护, 战斗巡逻
cap a bottle
除去瓶盖
cap
[kAp]
vi.
脱帽致意(to)
They cap when they pass the president.
他们经过院长面前时脱帽行礼。

cap-a -pie
adv.
从头到脚地, 全然
cap-and-ball
adj.
有保险的
cap-and-gown
adj.
隆重的
cap-piece
n.
帽木
capfull
n.
一帽的量

bear the cap and bells
成为众人取笑的对象
black cap
宣判死刑时法官所戴的黑色帽子
犯人上绞架时戴的黑色帽子
cameb cap in hand to
必恭必敬, 卑躬屈节
go cap in hand to
必恭必敬, 卑躬屈节
cast one's cap at
[废]对...漠然置之
fit the cap on
承认别人的话是针对自己讲的
fling one's cap over will
不顾一切地干, 冒身败名裂的危险
throw one's cap over will
不顾一切地干, 冒身败名裂的危险
fuddle one's cap
泥醉, 酩酊大醉
get one's cap
[英]当选手
I cap to that.
我同意, 我赞成。
If the cap fits, wear it.  (=If the cap fits, put it on.)
帽子若适合你, 就戴上吧; 如果这批评说中了你的心事, 就当做对你说的吧。
kiss caps with sb.
[苏]与某人同杯共饮
night cap
睡帽; 夜酒
pull caps
口角, 扭打
put on one's thinking cap
动脑筋想, 深思熟虑
put on one's considering cap
动脑筋想, 深思熟虑
put on the black cap
法官戴上黑色法帽, 准备宣判死刑
send the cap round
(收集捐款, 募捐)传帽子
pass the cap round
(收集捐款, 募捐)传帽子
take the cap round
(收集捐款, 募捐)传帽子
set one's cap at
女子向男子挑逗, 追求
set one's cap for
女子向男子挑逗, 追求
The cap fits.
言之中肯, 批评得当
to cap (it) all
超群, 最后又加上; 使事情达到顶点的是...
touch one's cap to sb.
以手触帽对...表示敬礼; 向某人表示钦佩
wear the cap and bells
出洋相
Where is your cap?
(对孩子说)脱帽行礼吧!
cap and bells
丑角戴的系铃帽; 小丑
cap and feather days
童年时代
cap and gown
大学方帽和长袍
cap of maintenance
[英](英王、贵族的)冠冕

air cap
气孔; 喷气嘴
air bleeder cap
通风罩
air valve cap
气阀盖
anchor cap
咬封盖(盖边有几个卡点经压扣后可紧抓在瓶口上)
anode cap
(显象管)阳极罩[帽], 高压帽
anvil cap
锻模座
ball-bearing thrust cap
滚珠轴承抵盖
bayonet cap
卡口灯座
bearing cap
轴承盖
bell cap
钟帽; 泡帽; 泡罩(蒸馏塔塔盘上半圆球盖)
biscuit cap
饼干的?爸?
blast cap
鼓风盖, 风帽
blasting cap
起爆雷管
boot cap
保护罩
bow cap
(飞机的)头罩
bracket cap
托架帽
buffer cap
【军】缓冲帽
bune cap
盲肠的封闭端; 直肠头, 大肠头; 盖, 帽
burner cap
喷头, 喷嘴头
cavity cap
(显象管上)高压帽, 空腔帽
check-valve body cap
止回阀体盖
clamping cap
模具压板, 压紧盖
cloud cap
云帽
clucth spring cap
离合器压紧弹簧座
cock cap
塞帽
cold cap
寒带
compass cap
罗经轴帽
connecting rod bearing cap
连杆轴承盖
control valve cap
控制阀盖
cover cap
罩盖
crank cap
曲柄盖
cylinder cap
汽缸盖; (气瓶的)阀罩
declutch shaft bearing cap
离合轴轴承盖
deflector cap
通风帽
detachable cap
活盖
detonating cap
发火帽; 雷管
dew cap
(物镜的)防露盖, 露罩
diaphragm cap
隔膜帽
dome cap
气包盖
dress cap
军礼帽
dunce cap
(螺旋浆的)导流帽
dust cap
防尘盖
ear cap
耳机胶盖
electrical blasting cap
电雷管
embryo cap
胚冠
enamel cap
釉质冠
end cap
节流阀端盖(三通阀); 弹簧盒盖
equalizer spring cap
均衡弹簧盖
expansion pad cap
伸缩垫盖
feed cap
进料盖
female cap
凹形盖
fulminating cap
雷帽; 雷汞爆管
funnel cap
风帽, 烟囱罩
gas tank cap
汽油箱盖; 储气箱盖
goliath cap
大型灯头
governor cap
调节器盖
hand oiler cap
手加油器盖
head cap
帽(精子), 头罩
header cap
头帽, 头罩
hose cap
管帽; 管堵
housing cap
机架盖
hub cap
毂盖[帽]
inlet valve cap
进给阀盖
joint cap
塞子; 闩; 闭锁[密封]盖
key cap
键帽
kingpin cap
主销盖
knee cap
髌骨, 膝盖骨
knife cap
(切割器的)压刀板
lamp cap
灯(泡)头; 管帽
lens cap
镜头[透镜]盖
light cap
轻压盖, 轻盖
limiting valve cap
限制阀盖
live cable test cap
电缆在加压测试时用的终端接头
locking cap
固定帽, 止动螺帽
lubricator cap
润滑油杯
mainshaft cap
主轴盖
mogulcap
大型灯头
nucellarcap
【植】珠心冠
nut cap
螺母[螺帽]盖
objective cap
物镜盖
oil cup cap
油杯盖
oil filler cap
油料加入器盖; 加油口盖
oil reservoir cap
储油器盖
pedestal cap
轴架[轴承]盖
percussion cap
雷管, (子弹)底火巢
pile cap
桩帽
pipe cap
管帽
piston pin hole cap
活塞销孔盖
pler cap
【建】墩帽
plug cap
插头
pole spring cap
杆簧盖
polo cap
马球帽
press-on cap
压封式瓶盖
pressure spring cap
压力弹簧帽
primer cap
起爆雷管
projection welded cap
凸焊帽, 有凹凸的焊帽
protecting cap
防护盖, 护罩
red cap
[美]车站搬运工
reinforced cap
加固帽
reservoir cap
储蓄器盖
ridge cap
脊顶盖
riding cap
骑手帽
rubber cap
橡皮碗
safety cap
安全帽
screw cap
螺丝灯头; 螺盖; 螺钉
sealed cap
密封帽[盖]
seat arm cap
座椅臂盖
serum cap
橡胶盖
shield cap
防护罩
sleeve cap
套管帽
slip -on cap
滑扣瓶盖
snap -on cap
咬封盖; 卡(瓶)口盖; 按盖; 压紧盖
spring cap
弹簧帽
squeeze cap
压封盖
stand cap
轧机机座盖; 轧机机座横梁
steel cap
钢顶梁
stock cap
风口盖
suction cap
排烟[气]罩壳
tank cap
箱盖
terminal cap
端帽
toe cap
踏脚套
top cap
顶盖; 顶罩; (真空管顶上的)栅接头
triple valve cylinder cap
三通阀盖
tyre -valve cap
轮胎阀帽
universal -joint housing cap
万向节壳盖
vacuum end cap
真空封帽
valve cap
阀盖
ventilation cap
通风帽
weather cap
风帽
weld cap
焊帽
wheel hub cap
轮毂帽
wind cap
防风罩

CAP
=Card Assembly Program 卡片装配程序;
Cash Against Policy【商】凭保险单付款;
Civil Air Patrol 民航巡逻[美];
College of American Pathologics 美国病理学会;
Combat Air Patrol 战斗空中巡逻;
Common Agricultural Policy 共同农业政策(欧洲经济共同体);
Computer Aided Printing 计算机辅助印刷;
Computer Aided Production 计算机辅助生产;
Computer Analysis and Programming 计算机分析与程序设计(公司);
Computer Assisted Placement 计算机辅助布局

cap
源自拉丁语 cappa,capa

cap
beatcovercrownexcellidtophat

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speculative
[5spekjulEtiv, -leit-]
adj.
投机的

speculative
spec.u.la.tive
AHD:[spµk“y…-l…-t¹v, -l³”-]
D.J.[6spekj*l*tiv, -7lei-]
K.K.[6spWkj*l*t!v, -7le-]
adj.（形容词）
Of, characterized by, or based upon contemplative speculation.See Synonyms at theoretical
深思熟虑的，以深思熟虑为基础的参见 theoretical
Given to conjecture or speculation.
猜测性的，推测的
Marked by inquisitive interest:
带着疑问的，好奇的：
raised a speculative eyebrow.
疑惑地耸起了眉毛
Engaging in, given to, or involving financial speculation:
从事金融投机的，好投机的，投机性的：
speculative brokers; speculative stocks.
投机经纪人，投机股票
Spent in speculation:
用于投机的：
speculative funds.
投机资金
Involving chance; risky:
冒险性的，不确定的：
speculative business enterprises.
冒险性的商业企业

spec“ulatively
adv.（副词）
spec“ulativeness
n.（名词）

speculative
[5spekjulEtiv, -leit-]
adj.
思索的; 推理的; 纯理论的
推测的
投机(性质)的; 冒风险的
speculative geometry
理论几何学
speculative market
投机市场
speculative purchase
冒险 的购买

speculatively
adv.
speculativeness
n.

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detrimental

detrimental
[7detri5mentl]
adj.
有害的

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pathological
[7pAWE5lCdVikEl]
adj.
病理的, 病态的

pathological
path.o.log.i.cal
AHD:[p²th”…-l¼j“¹-k…l] 也作 path.o.log.ic [-¹k]
D.J.[7p#G*6l%d9ik*l]也作 path.o.log.ic [ik]
K.K.[7p#G*6l$d9!k*l]也作 path.o.log.ic [!k]
adj.Abbr. path., pathol.（形容词）缩写 path.， pathol.
Of or relating to pathology.
病理学的：病理学的；关于病理学的
Relating to or caused by disease.
疾病的：与疾病有关的，由疾病引起的
Of, relating to, or manifesting behavior that is habitual and compulsive:
习以为常的：习惯的和冲动行为的，与习惯的和冲动行为有关的，显示这一行为的：
a pathological liar.
习以为常的撒谎者

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by no means
adv.
决不

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nearby
[5niEbai]
adj.
附近的, 邻近的
adv.
在附近

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outright
[5aut5rait]
adj.
直率的, 彻底的, 完全的
adv.
直率地, 痛快地, 立刻地, 全部地

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exert
[i^5zE:t]
vt.
尽(力), 施加(压力等), 努力
v.
发挥, 竭尽全力, 尽

exert
ex.ert
AHD:[¹g-zûrt“]
D.J.[ig6z*8t]
K.K.[!g6z)t]
v.tr.（及物动词）
ex.ert.ed， ex.ert.ing， ex.erts
To put to use or effect; put forth:
运用：使应用或有效力；发出：
exerted all my strength to move the box.
使出我全身力气去搬这个箱子
To bring to bear; exercise:
对…施加；运用：
exert influence.
施加影响
To put (oneself) to strenuous effort:
使（自己）行动起来：
exerted ourselves mightily during the campaign to raise funds.
在募捐运动中让我们行动起来

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anticipate
[An5tisipeit]
vt.
预期, 期望, 过早使用, 先人一着, 占先
v.
预订, 预见, 可以预料

anticipate
an.tic.i.pate
AHD:[²n-t¹s“…-p³t”]
D.J.[#n6tis*7peit]
K.K.[#n6t!s*7pet]
v.tr.（及物动词）
an.tic.i.pat.ed， an.tic.i.pat.ing， an.tic.i.pates
To feel or realize beforehand; foresee.
预感，预料：提前感到或意识到；预见
To look forward to, especially with pleasure; expect.
期望；期待：期望，尤指怀着喜悦；期待
To act in advance so as to prevent; forestall.
抢在…之前：预先防止；领先抢前
To foresee and fulfill in advance.See Synonyms at expect
行动在前：预先料到并完成参见 expect
To cause to happen in advance; accelerate.
使提前发生；加速，促进
To use in advance, as income not yet available.
预支：在没拿到收入的情况下预先支用
To pay (a debt) before it is due.
提前偿还债务

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costless
adj.
不须花钱的, 无须付出代价的

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impart
[im5pB:t]
vt.
给予(尤指抽象事物), 传授, 告知, 透露

impart
im.part
AHD:[¹m-pärt“]
D.J.[im6p$8t]
K.K.[!m6p$t]
v.tr.（及物动词）
im.part.ed， im.part.ing， im.parts
To grant a share of; bestow:
分给；授予：给予某物的一部分；赠予：
impart a subtle flavor; impart some advice.
加少许调料；给予一些建议
To make known; disclose:
告知；透露：
persuaded to impart the secret.
劝说透露秘密

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

discourse
dis.course
AHD:[d¹s“kôrs”, -k½rs”]
D.J.[6dis7k%8rs, -7kours]
K.K.[6d!s7k%rs, -7kors]
n.（名词）
Verbal expression in speech or writing.
演说，论述：口头表达或书面文字表达
Verbal exchange; conversation.
交谈；对话
A formal, lengthy discussion of a subject, either written or spoken.
正式的讨论：对某一题目的正式、长时间的书面或口头讨论
Archaic The process or power of reasoning.
【古语】 推理能力：推理过程或能力
v.（动词）
dis.coursed， dis.cours.ing， dis.cours.es[d¹-skôrs“, -sk½rs“]
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To speak or write formally and at length.See Synonyms at speak
演说：正式而长久地讲述或书写参见 speak
To engage in conversation or discussion; converse.
谈论，谈话：进行谈话或谈论；交谈
v.tr.Archaic （及物动词）【古语】
To narrate or discuss.
叙述；讨论

increasingly
[In5kri:sINlI]
adv.
日益, 愈加

obtrusive
[Eb5tru:siv]
adj.
强迫人的, 突出的, 鲁莽的, 令人厌恶的, 过分炫耀的

obtrusive
ob.tru.sive
AHD:[¼b-tr›“s¹v, -z¹v, …b-]
D.J.[%b6tru8siv, -ziv, *b-]
K.K.[$b6trus!v, -z!v, *b-]
adj.（形容词）
Thrusting out; protruding:
突出的：挤出的；突出的：
an obtrusive rock formation.
一块突起的岩石的构成
Tending to push self-assertively forward; brash:
强迫的：倾向于推行自己的主观武断地；强行地：
the obtrusive behavior of a spoiled child.
一个被宠坏的孩子的任意行为
Undesirably noticeable:
引人注意的：令人不适地引人注目的：
an obtrusive scar.
一块引人注意的伤口

spillover
spill.o.ver
AHD:[sp¹l“½”v…r]
D.J.[6spil7ouv*]
K.K.[6sp!l7ov+]
n.（名词）
The act or an instance of spilling over.
溢出：溢出的行为或实例
An amount or a quantity spilled over.
溢出部分或数量
A side effect arising from or as if from an unpredicted source:
伴随的结果：好象出人意料的副作用：
The income from their garage sale was a spillover from their habit of not throwing anything away.
他们汽车间的拍卖所得是他们从不扔掉任何东西的习惯所带来的意外收获

substantial
[sEb5stAnFEl]
adj.
坚固的, 实质的, 真实的, 充实的

substantial
sub.stan.tial
AHD:[s…b-st²n“sh…l]
D.J.[s*b6st#n.*l]
K.K.[s*b6st#n.*l]
adj.（形容词）
Of, relating to, or having substance; material.
物质的：与物质有关的；具有物质的
True or real; not imaginary.
真实的，非想象的
Solidly built; strong.
结实的，健壮的
Ample; sustaining:
丰盛的，丰富的：
a substantial breakfast.
丰盛的早餐
Considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent:
有重大价值的：重要的、有价值的或内容充实的：
won by a substantial margin.
大胜
Possessing wealth or property; well-to-do.
富裕的，富有的
n.（名词）
An essential. Often used in the plural.
（通常用复数）实质性的东西
A solid thing. Often used in the plural.
（通常用复数）结实的东西

in conjunction with
adv.
与...协力

moral hazard
由于投保人可能不可靠所冒的风险

deter
[di5tE:]
v.
阻止

deter
de.ter
AHD:[d¹-tûr“]
D.J.[di6t*8]
K.K.[d!6t)]
v.（动词）
de.terred， de.ter.ring， de.ters
v.tr.（及物动词）
To prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of fear or doubt:
威吓：通过恐吓或怀疑的手段阻止或使不敢：
“Does negotiated disarmament deter war?”(Edward Teller)See Synonyms at dissuade
“裁军协议能阻止战争吗?”(爱德华·泰勒)参见 dissuade
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To prevent or discourage the occurrence of an action, as by means of fear or doubt:
阻止，威慑：通过恐吓或怀疑防止某种行动的发生：
“It's this edge that gives nuclear weapons their power to deter”(Thomas Powers)
“正是这个优势赋予了核武器威慑力量”(托马斯·鲍尔斯)