Java相对路径读取文件

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不管你是新手还是老鸟,在程序中读取资源文件总会遇到一些找不到文件的问题,这与Java底层的实现有关,不能算bug,只要方法得当,问题还是可以解决的。 

项目的文件夹结构: 
repathtest 
├─src 
│    └─com 
│            └─lavasoft 
│                    ├─test 
│                    └─res 
├─doc 




1、在Java开发工具的project中使用相对路径 
在project中,相对路径的根目录是project的根文件夹,在此就是repathtest文件夹了。 
创建文件的写法是: 
File f = new File("src/com/lavasoft/res/a.txt"); 

File f = new File("doc/b.txt"); 

注意: 
路径不以“/”开头; 
脱离了IDE环境,这个写法就是错误的,也并非每个IDE都如此,但我见到的都是这样的。 

2、通过CLASSPATH读取包内文件 
读取包内文件,使用的路径一定是相对的classpath路径,比如a,位于包内,此时可以创建读取a的字节流: 
InputStream in = ReadFile.class.getResourceAsStream("/com/lavasoft/res/a.txt"); 
有了字节流,就能读取到文件内容了。 

注意: 
这里必须以“/”开头; 

3、看看完整的测试代码 
package com.lavasoft.test; 

import java.io.*; 

/** 
* Java读取相对路径的文件 

* @author leizhimin 2010-1-15 10:59:43 
*/ 
public class ReadFile { 
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
                readTextA_ByClassPath(); 
                readTextA_ByProjectRelativePath(); 
                readTextB_ByProjectRelativePath(); 
        } 

        /** 
         * 通过工程相对路径读取(包内)文件,注意不以“/”开头 
         */ 
        public static void readTextA_ByProjectRelativePath() { 
                System.out.println("-----------------readTextA_ByProjectRelativePath---------------------"); 
                File f = new File("src/com/lavasoft/res/a.txt"); 
                String a = file2String(f, "GBK"); 
                System.out.println(a); 
        } 

        /** 
         * 通过工程相对路径读取(包外)文件,注意不以“/”开头 
         */ 
        public static void readTextB_ByProjectRelativePath() { 
                System.out.println("-----------------readTextB_ByProjectRelativePath---------------------"); 
                File f = new File("doc/b.txt"); 
                String b = file2String(f, "GBK"); 
                System.out.println(b); 
        } 


        /** 
         * 通过CLASSPATH读取包内文件,注意以“/”开头 
         */ 
        public static void readTextA_ByClassPath() { 
                System.out.println("-----------------readTextA_ByClassPath---------------------"); 
                InputStream in = ReadFile.class.getResourceAsStream("/com/lavasoft/res/a.txt"); 
                String a = stream2String(in, "GBK"); 
                System.out.println(a); 
        } 

        /** 
         * 文件转换为字符串 
         * 
         * @param f             文件 
         * @param charset 文件的字符集 
         * @return 文件内容 
         */ 
        public static String file2String(File f, String charset) { 
                String result = null; 
                try { 
                        result = stream2String(new FileInputStream(f), charset); 
                } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 
                        e.printStackTrace(); 
                } 
                return result; 
        } 

        /** 
         * 文件转换为字符串 
         * 
         * @param in            字节流 
         * @param charset 文件的字符集 
         * @return 文件内容 
         */ 
        public static String stream2String(InputStream in, String charset) { 
                StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); 
                try { 
                        Reader r = new InputStreamReader(in, charset); 
                        int length = 0; 
                        for (char[] c = new char[1024]; (length = r.read(c)) != -1;) { 
                                sb.append(c, 0, length); 
                        } 
                        r.close(); 
                } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { 
                        e.printStackTrace(); 
                } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 
                        e.printStackTrace(); 
                } catch (IOException e) { 
                        e.printStackTrace(); 
                } 
                return sb.toString(); 
        } 

(代码写得粗糙,异常没做认真处理) 

运行结果: 
-----------------readTextA_ByClassPath--------------------- 
aaaaaaaaa 
sssssssss 
-----------------readTextA_ByProjectRelativePath--------------------- 
aaaaaaaaa 
sssssssss 
-----------------readTextB_ByProjectRelativePath--------------------- 
bbbbbbbbbbb 

Process finished with exit code 0
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