SQL 存储过程

--------------------基本语法--------------------

一.创建存储过程
create procedure sp_name()
begin
.........
end

二.调用存储过程
1.基本语法：call sp_name()
注意：存储过程名称后面必须加括号，哪怕该存储过程没有参数传递

三.删除存储过程
1.基本语法：
drop procedure sp_name//

2.注意事项
(1)不能在一个存储过程中删除另一个存储过程，只能调用另一个存储过程

四.其他常用命令

1.show procedure status
显示数据库中所有存储的存储过程基本信息，包括所属数据库，存储过程名称，创建时间等

2.show create procedure sp_name
显示某一个mysql存储过程的详细信息

举例：

A. 使用简单过程以下存储过程将从视图中返回所有雇员（提供姓和名）、职务以及部门名称。此存储过程不使用任何参数。复制USE AdventureWorks;GOIF OBJECT_ID ( 'HumanResources.uspGetAllEmployees', 'P' ) IS NOT NULL     DROP PROCEDURE HumanResources.uspGetAllEmployees;GOCREATE PROCEDURE HumanResources.uspGetAllEmployeesAS    SET NOCOUNT ON;    SELECT LastName, FirstName, JobTitle, Department    FROM HumanResources.vEmployeeDepartment;GOuspGetEmployees 存储过程可通过以下方式执行：复制EXECUTE HumanResources.uspGetAllEmployees;GO-- OrEXEC HumanResources.uspGetAllEmployees;GO-- Or, if this procedure is the first statement within a batch:HumanResources.uspGetAllEmployees;B. 使用带有参数的简单过程下面的存储过程只从视图中返回指定的雇员（提供名和姓）及其职务和部门名称。此存储过程接受与传递的参数精确匹配的值。复制USE AdventureWorks;GOIF OBJECT_ID ( 'HumanResources.uspGetEmployees', 'P' ) IS NOT NULL     DROP PROCEDURE HumanResources.uspGetEmployees;GOCREATE PROCEDURE HumanResources.uspGetEmployees     @LastName nvarchar(50),     @FirstName nvarchar(50) AS         SET NOCOUNT ON;    SELECT FirstName, LastName, JobTitle, Department    FROM HumanResources.vEmployeeDepartment    WHERE FirstName = @FirstName AND LastName = @LastName;GOuspGetEmployees 存储过程可通过以下方式执行：复制EXECUTE HumanResources.uspGetEmployees N'Ackerman', N'Pilar';-- OrEXEC HumanResources.uspGetEmployees @LastName = N'Ackerman', @FirstName = N'Pilar';GO-- OrEXECUTE HumanResources.uspGetEmployees @FirstName = N'Pilar', @LastName = N'Ackerman';GO-- Or, if this procedure is the first statement within a batch:HumanResources.uspGetEmployees N'Ackerman', N'Pilar';C. 使用带有通配符参数的简单过程以下存储过程只从视图中返回指定的一些雇员（提供名和姓）及其职务和部门名称。此存储过程模式与所传递的参数相匹配；或者，如果未提供参数，则使用预设的默认值（以字母 D 打头的姓）。复制USE AdventureWorks;GOIF OBJECT_ID ( 'HumanResources.uspGetEmployees2', 'P' ) IS NOT NULL     DROP PROCEDURE HumanResources.uspGetEmployees2;GOCREATE PROCEDURE HumanResources.uspGetEmployees2     @LastName nvarchar(50) = N'D%',     @FirstName nvarchar(50) = N'%'AS     SET NOCOUNT ON;    SELECT FirstName, LastName, JobTitle, Department    FROM HumanResources.vEmployeeDepartment    WHERE FirstName LIKE @FirstName AND LastName LIKE @LastName;GOuspGetEmployees2 存储过程可使用多种组合执行。下面只显示了几个组合：复制EXECUTE HumanResources.uspGetEmployees2;-- OrEXECUTE HumanResources.uspGetEmployees2 N'Wi%';-- OrEXECUTE HumanResources.uspGetEmployees2 @FirstName = N'%';-- OrEXECUTE HumanResources.uspGetEmployees2 N'[CK]ars[OE]n';-- OrEXECUTE HumanResources.uspGetEmployees2 N'Hesse', N'Stefen';-- OrEXECUTE HumanResources.uspGetEmployees2 N'H%', N'S%';D. 使用 OUTPUT 参数以下示例将创建 uspGetList 存储过程。此过程将返回价格不超过指定数值的产品的列表。此示例显示如何使用多个 SELECT 语句和多个 OUTPUT 参数。OUTPUT 参数允许外部过程、批处理或多条 Transact-SQL 语句在过程执行期间访问设置的某个值。复制USE AdventureWorks;GOIF OBJECT_ID ( 'Production.uspGetList', 'P' ) IS NOT NULL     DROP PROCEDURE Production.uspGetList;GOCREATE PROCEDURE Production.uspGetList @Product varchar(40)     , @MaxPrice money     , @ComparePrice money OUTPUT    , @ListPrice money OUTAS    SET NOCOUNT ON;    SELECT p.[Name] AS Product, p.ListPrice AS 'List Price'    FROM Production.Product AS p    JOIN Production.ProductSubcategory AS s       ON p.ProductSubcategoryID = s.ProductSubcategoryID    WHERE s.[Name] LIKE @Product AND p.ListPrice < @MaxPrice;-- Populate the output variable @ListPprice.SET @ListPrice = (SELECT MAX(p.ListPrice)        FROM Production.Product AS p        JOIN  Production.ProductSubcategory AS s           ON p.ProductSubcategoryID = s.ProductSubcategoryID        WHERE s.[Name] LIKE @Product AND p.ListPrice < @MaxPrice);-- Populate the output variable @compareprice.SET @ComparePrice = @MaxPrice;GO执行 uspGetList，返回价格低于 $700 的 Adventure Works 产品（自行车）的列表。OUTPUT 参数 @Cost 和 @ComparePrices 用于流控制语言，以便在“消息”窗口中返回消息。ms187926.note(zh-cn,SQL.90).gif注意：OUTPUT 变量必须在创建过程时或使用变量时定义。参数名和变量名不一定要匹配；但是，除非使用 @ListPrice= variable 的形式，否则数据类型和参数位置必须匹配。复制DECLARE @ComparePrice money, @Cost money EXECUTE Production.uspGetList '%Bikes%', 700,     @ComparePrice OUT,     @Cost OUTPUTIF @Cost <= @ComparePrice BEGIN    PRINT 'These products can be purchased for less than     $'+RTRIM(CAST(@ComparePrice AS varchar(20)))+'.'ENDELSE    PRINT 'The prices for all products in this category exceed     $'+ RTRIM(CAST(@ComparePrice AS varchar(20)))+'.'下面是部分结果集：复制Product                                            List Price-------------------------------------------------- ------------------Road-750 Black, 58                                 539.99Mountain-500 Silver, 40                            564.99Mountain-500 Silver, 42                            564.99...Road-750 Black, 48                                 539.99Road-750 Black, 52                                 539.99(14 row(s) affected)These items can be purchased for less than $700.00.E. 使用 WITH RECOMPILE 选项如果为过程提供的参数不是典型的参数，并且新的执行计划不应被缓存或存储在内存中，则 WITH RECOMPILE 子句会很有用。复制USE AdventureWorks;GOIF OBJECT_ID ( 'dbo.uspProductByVendor', 'P' ) IS NOT NULL     DROP PROCEDURE dbo.uspProductByVendor;GOCREATE PROCEDURE dbo.uspProductByVendor @Name varchar(30) = '%'WITH RECOMPILEAS    SET NOCOUNT ON;    SELECT v.Name AS 'Vendor name', p.Name AS 'Product name'    FROM Purchasing.Vendor AS v     JOIN Purchasing.ProductVendor AS pv       ON v.VendorID = pv.VendorID     JOIN Production.Product AS p       ON pv.ProductID = p.ProductID    WHERE v.Name LIKE @Name;GOF. 使用 WITH ENCRYPTION 选项以下示例将创建 HumanResources.uspEncryptThis 存储过程。复制USE AdventureWorks;GOIF OBJECT_ID ( 'HumanResources.uspEncryptThis', 'P' ) IS NOT NULL     DROP PROCEDURE HumanResources.uspEncryptThis;GOCREATE PROCEDURE HumanResources.uspEncryptThisWITH ENCRYPTIONAS    SET NOCOUNT ON;    SELECT EmployeeID, Title, NationalIDNumber, VacationHours, SickLeaveHours     FROM HumanResources.Employee;GO如以下示例所示，WITH ENCRYPTION 选项可阻止返回存储过程的定义。运行 sp_helptext：复制EXEC sp_helptext 'HumanResources.uspEncryptThis';下面是结果集：复制The text for object 'HumanResources.uspEncryptThis' is encrypted.直接查询 sys.sql_modules 目录视图：复制USE AdventureWorks;GOSELECT definition FROM sys.sql_modulesWHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID('HumanResources.uspEncryptThis');下面是结果集：复制definition----------------------NULL(1 row(s) affected)G. 使用延迟名称解析以下示例将创建 uspProc1 过程。该过程使用延迟名称解析。尽管引用的表在编译时不存在，但仍能创建存储过程。但是，执行过程时表必须存在。复制USE AdventureWorks;GOIF OBJECT_ID ( 'dbo.uspProc1', 'P' ) IS NOT NULL     DROP PROCEDURE dbo.uspProc1;GOCREATE PROCEDURE dbo.uspProc1AS    SET NOCOUNT ON;    SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_does_not_existGO若要验证是否已创建了存储过程，请运行以下查询：复制USE AdventureWorks;GOSELECT definitionFROM sys.sql_modulesWHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID('dbo.uspproc1');下面是结果集：复制definition-----------------------------------------------------------------------CREATE PROCEDURE uspproc1AS    SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_does_not_exist(1 row(s) affected)H. 使用 EXECUTE AS 子句以下示例显示使用 EXECUTE AS 子句指定执行存储过程的安全上下文。在此示例中，选项 CALLER 指定此过程可在调用它的用户上下文中执行。复制USE AdventureWorks;GOIF OBJECT_ID ( 'Purchasing.uspVendorAllInfo', 'P' ) IS NOT NULL     DROP PROCEDURE Purchasing.uspVendorAllInfo;GOCREATE PROCEDURE Purchasing.uspVendorAllInfoWITH EXECUTE AS CALLERAS    SET NOCOUNT ON;    SELECT v.Name AS Vendor, p.Name AS 'Product name',       v.CreditRating AS 'Credit Rating',       v.ActiveFlag AS Availability    FROM Purchasing.Vendor v     INNER JOIN Purchasing.ProductVendor pv      ON v.VendorID = pv.VendorID     INNER JOIN Production.Product p      ON pv.ProductID = p.ProductID     ORDER BY v.Name ASC;GOI. 创建 CLR 存储过程以下示例将创建 GetPhotoFromDB 存储过程，此过程引用 HandlingLOBUsingCLR 程序集中的 LargeObjectBinary 类的 GetPhotoFromDB 方法。创建存储过程前，需要在本地数据库中注册 HandlingLOBUsingCLR 程序集。复制CREATE ASSEMBLY HandlingLOBUsingCLRFROM '\\MachineName\HandlingLOBUsingCLR\bin\Debug\HandlingLOBUsingCLR.dll'';GOCREATE PROCEDURE dbo.GetPhotoFromDB(    @ProductPhotoID int,    @CurrentDirectory nvarchar(1024),    @FileName nvarchar(1024))AS EXTERNAL NAME HandlingLOBUsingCLR.LargeObjectBinary.GetPhotoFromDB;GOJ. 使用 OUTPUT 游标参数OUTPUT 游标参数用来将存储过程的局部游标传递回执行调用的批处理、存储过程或触发器。首先，创建在 Currency 表上声明并打开一个游标的过程：复制USE AdventureWorks;GOIF OBJECT_ID ( 'dbo.uspCurrencyCursor', 'P' ) IS NOT NULL    DROP PROCEDURE dbo.uspCurrencyCursor;GOCREATE PROCEDURE dbo.uspCurrencyCursor     @CurrencyCursor CURSOR VARYING OUTPUTAS    SET NOCOUNT ON;    SET @CurrencyCursor = CURSOR    FORWARD_ONLY STATIC FOR      SELECT CurrencyCode, Name      FROM Sales.Currency;    OPEN @CurrencyCursor;GO接下来，运行以下批处理：声明一个局部游标变量，执行上述过程以将游标赋值给局部变量，然后从该游标提取行。复制USE AdventureWorks;GODECLARE @MyCursor CURSOR;EXEC dbo.uspCurrencyCursor @CurrencyCursor = @MyCursor OUTPUT;WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS = 0)BEGIN;     FETCH NEXT FROM @MyCursor;END;CLOSE @MyCursor;DEALLOCATE @MyCursor;GO