PHPUnit入门篇

PHPUnit是什么？

它是一款轻量级的php测试框架

为什么要用PHPUnit？

1. facebook在用

2. 可以通过命令操控测试脚本

3. 可以测试性能

4. 可以测试代码覆盖率

5. 可以自动化的更新测试用例的参数数据

6. 各种格式的日志

6. 最最重要的是，功能如此炫，使用起来还特别简单

PHPUnit的安装

pear channel-discover pear.phpunit.depear install phpunit/PHPUnit

快速入门

<?phprequire_once 'PHPUnit/Framework.php'; class ArrayTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{    public function testNewArrayIsEmpty()    {        // 创建数组fixture。        $fixture = array();         // 断言数组fixture的尺寸是0。        $this->assertEquals(0, sizeof($fixture));    }}?>

1. ArrayTest为测试类

2. ArrayTest 继承于PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase

3.测试方法testNewArrayIsEmpty()，测试方法必须为public权限，一般以test开头，或者你也可以选择给其加注释@test来表明该函数为测试函数

/*** @test*/public function testNewArrayIsEmpty(){     $fixture = array();     $this->assertEquals(0, sizeof($fixture));}

命令行启动测试

phpunit  测试文件名，此处为要测试ArrayTest.php文件

phpunit ArrayTestPHPUnit 3.2.10 by Sebastian Bergmann...Time: 0 secondsOK (2 tests)

命令行参数

phpunit --helpPHPUnit 3.2.10 by Sebastian Bergmann.Usage: phpunit [switches] UnitTest [UnitTest.php]  --log-graphviz <file>  Log test execution in GraphViz markup.  --log-json <file>      Log test execution in JSON format.  --log-tap <file>       Log test execution in TAP format to file.  --log-xml <file>       Log test execution in XML format to file.  --log-metrics <file>   Write metrics report in XML format.  --log-pmd <file>       Write violations report in PMD XML format.  --coverage-html <dir>  Generate code coverage report in HTML format.  --coverage-xml <file>  Write code coverage information in XML format.  --test-db-dsn <dsn>    DSN for the test database.  --test-db-log-rev <r>  Revision information for database logging.  --test-db-prefix ...   Prefix that should be stripped from filenames.  --test-db-log-info ... Additional information for database logging.  --testdox-html <file>  Write agile documentation in HTML format to file.  --testdox-text <file>  Write agile documentation in Text format to file.  --filter <pattern>     Filter which tests to run.  --group ...            Only runs tests from the specified group(s).  --exclude-group ...    Exclude tests from the specified group(s).  --loader <loader>      TestSuiteLoader implementation to use.  --repeat <times>       Runs the test(s) repeatedly.  --tap                  Report test execution progress in TAP format.  --testdox              Report test execution progress in TestDox format.  --no-syntax-check      Disable syntax check of test source files.  --stop-on-failure      Stop execution upon first error or failure.  --verbose              Output more verbose information.  --wait                 Waits for a keystroke after each test.  --skeleton             Generate skeleton UnitTest class for Unit in Unit.php.  --help                 Prints this usage information.  --version              Prints the version and exits.  --configuration <file> Read configuration from XML file.  -d key[=value]         Sets a php.ini value.

高级功能

你是否已经厌烦了在每一个测试方法命名前面加一个test，是否因为只是调用的参数不同，却要写多个测试用例而纠结？我最喜欢的高级功能，现在隆重推荐给你，叫做框架生成器

<?phpclass Calculator{    public function add($a, $b)    {        return $a + $b;    }}?>

命令行启动测试用例

phpunit --skeleton CalculatorPHPUnit 3.2.10 by Sebastian Bergmann.Wrote test class skeleton for Calculator to CalculatorTest.php.

简单么？简单，但是它其实没有什么意义，因为没有测试数据，怎样加数据，哦哦哦，重头戏来了

<?phpclass Calculator{    /**     * @assert (0, 0) == 0     * @assert (0, 1) == 1     * @assert (1, 0) == 1     * @assert (1, 1) == 2     */    public function add($a, $b)    {        return $a + $b;    }}?>

原始类中的每个方法都进行@assert注解的检测。这些被转变为测试代码，像这样
    /**
     * Generated from @assert (0, 0) == 0.
     */
    public function testAdd() {
        $o = new Calculator;
        $this->assertEquals(0, $o->add(0, 0));
    }
下面是运行生成的测试用例类的输出。

phpunit CalculatorTestPHPUnit 3.2.10 by Sebastian Bergmann.....Time: 0 secondsOK (4 tests)