基于ArcGIS10.0和Oracle10g的空间数据管理平台六（C#开发）-空间数据操作类

        本系统的一个重点功能就是管理空间数据，所以很多空间数据的操作，而且这些操作可能随时都可能用到，所以单独封装为一个独立的空间数据操作类（地图操作类）。封装的函数都是一些最基本的操作功能，具体实现基于ArcGIS平台的空间数据管理还需要很多复杂的功能和逻辑，后面介绍空间数据管理和编辑的时候会详细介绍。

1.首先我们需要介绍的是连接空间数据库的代码函数，具体实现如下：

        /// <summary>        /// 连接空间数据库并得到一个SDE工作空间的实例        /// </summary>        /// <returns></returns>        public static IFeatureWorkspace GetFeatrueWorkspace()        {            //定义一个属性             IPropertySet pPS = new PropertySetClass();            //设置数据库服务器名，服务器所在的IP地址             pPS.SetProperty("SERVER", ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["SERVER"]);            //propset.SetProperty("SERVER", "10.51.6.233");            //设置SDE的端口，这是安装时指定的，默认安装时"port:5151"             pPS.SetProperty("INSTANCE", ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["INSTANCE"]);            //SDE的用户名             pPS.SetProperty("USER", ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["USER"]);            //密码             pPS.SetProperty("PASSWORD", ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["PASSWORD"]);            //设置数据库的名字,只有SQL Server  Informix 数据库才需要设置             pPS.SetProperty("DATABASE", ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["DATABASE"]);            //SDE的版本,在这为默认版本             pPS.SetProperty("VERSION", ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["VERSION"]);            //定义一个工作空间,并实例化为SDE的工作空间             IWorkspaceFactory pWF = new SdeWorkspaceFactoryClass();            //打开SDE工作空间,并转化为地物工作空间             IFeatureWorkspace pFW = (IFeatureWorkspace)pWF.Open(pPS, 0);            return pFW;        }

上面这个函数是采用SDE连接方式，也可以采用直接连接的方式，下面一个函数通过一个if分支语句来判断可以采用SDE也可以采用直接连接的方式实现，具体请看代码及详细的注释：

        public static IWorkspace FindWsByDefault()        {            //定义一个属性             IPropertySet Propset = new PropertySetClass();            if (true) // 采用SDE连接             {                //设置数据库服务器名，服务器所在的IP地址                 Propset.SetProperty("SERVER", "192.168.1.111");                //设置SDE的端口，这是安装时指定的，默认安装时"port:5151"                 Propset.SetProperty("INSTANCE", "port:5151");                //SDE的用户名                 Propset.SetProperty("USER", "sde");                //密码                 Propset.SetProperty("PASSWORD", "sde");                //设置数据库的名字,只有SQL Server  Informix 数据库才需要设置                 //Propset.SetProperty("DATABASE", "sde");                //SDE的版本,在这为默认版本                 Propset.SetProperty("VERSION", "SDE.DEFAULT");            }            else // 直接连接             {                //设置数据库服务器名,如果是本机可以用"sde:sqlserver:."                 Propset.SetProperty("INSTANCE", "sde:sqlserver:zhpzh");                //SDE的用户名                 Propset.SetProperty("USER", "sa");                //密码                 Propset.SetProperty("PASSWORD", "sa");                //设置数据库的名字,只有SQL Server  Informix 数据库才需要设置                            Propset.SetProperty("DATABASE", "sde");                //SDE的版本,在这为默认版本                 Propset.SetProperty("VERSION", "SDE.DEFAULT");            }            //定义一个工作空间,并实例化为SDE的工作空间             IWorkspaceFactory factory = new SdeWorkspaceFactoryClass();            //打开SDE工作空间,并转化为地物工作空间            IWorkspace workspace = factory.Open(Propset, 0);            return workspace;        }

代码注释里面提到的工作空间就相当于一个数据库，里面包含了各种可以操作的图层（相当于数据库中的表）。

2.在一个指定的工作空间中查询一个要素类

       /// <summary>        /// 查找指定要素        /// </summary>        /// <param name="ws"></param>        /// <param name="className"></param>        /// <param name="dsName"></param>        /// <returns></returns>        public static IFeatureClass FindClassByName(IWorkspace ws, string className, string dsName)        {            IEnumDataset enumDs;            if (dsName != "")            {                enumDs = ws.get_Datasets(esriDatasetType.esriDTFeatureDataset);                IFeatureDataset featureDs = enumDs.Next() as IFeatureDataset;                while (featureDs != null)                {                    string strTemp = featureDs.Name.Substring(featureDs.Name.IndexOf('.') + 1);                    if (strTemp == dsName)                    {                        return GetFcFromDataset(featureDs, className);                    }                    featureDs = enumDs.Next() as IFeatureDataset;                }            }            else            {                enumDs = ws.get_Datasets(esriDatasetType.esriDTFeatureClass);                return GetFcFromEnumDataset(enumDs,className);            }            return null;        }

然后利用这个函数实现了另外一个函数：通过要素类名和数据集名在指定的工作空间中寻找要素类

        /// <summary>        /// 通过要素类名和数据集名在指定的工作空间中寻找要素类        /// </summary>        /// <param name="className"></param>        /// <param name="datasetName"></param>        /// <returns></returns>        public static IFeatureClass FindClassByName(string className, string datasetName)        {            IWorkspace ws = FindWsByDefault();            IFeatureClass featClass = FindClassByName(ws, className, datasetName);            return featClass;        }

3.在数据集中查找要素类，一个数据集可能包含多个要素类，数据集就是把一些具有共同特征（共同的数据结构类型，空间参考相同等）的数据（要素类）划分成一个一个的集合。

        /// <summary>        /// 在数据集中查找要素类        /// </summary>        /// <param name="pFD"></param>        /// <param name="className"></param>        /// <returns></returns>        public static IFeatureClass GetFcFromDataset(IFeatureDataset pFD, string className)        {            IFeatureClass pFC;            IFeatureClassContainer pFCC = pFD as IFeatureClassContainer;            for (int i = 0; i < pFCC.ClassCount; i++)            {                pFC = pFCC.get_Class(i);                string strTemp = pFC.AliasName.Substring(pFC.AliasName.IndexOf('.') + 1);                if (strTemp == className)                {                    return pFC;                }            }            return null;        }

4.将一个要素类从一个工作空间转移到另外一个工作空间：例如文件系统目录（Shape格式文件组成）、mdb或其他格式，文件系统目录下的所有Shape文件（一个等同于表结构的数据文件，内容等同于表里面的数据）构成一个工作空间。

         /// <summary>        /// 将一个要素类从一个工作空间转移到另外一个工作空间        /// 注意目标工作空间不能有改要素类，必须先清除          /// </summary>        /// <param name="sourceWorkspace">源工作空间</param>        /// <param name="targetWorkspace">目标工作空间</param>        /// <param name="nameOfSourceFeatureClass">源要素类名</param>        /// <param name="nameOfTargetFeatureClass">目标要素类名</param>        public static void ConvertFeatureClass(IWorkspace sourceWorkspace, IWorkspace targetWorkspace,            string nameOfSourceFeatureClass, string nameOfTargetFeatureClass, int sc_id)        {                        //create source workspace name            //创建源工作空间名称              IDataset sourceWorkspaceDataset = (IDataset)sourceWorkspace;            IWorkspaceName sourceWorkspaceName = (IWorkspaceName)sourceWorkspaceDataset.FullName;            //create source dataset name            //创建源数据集名称            IFeatureClassName sourceFeatureClassName = new FeatureClassNameClass();            IDatasetName sourceDatasetName = (IDatasetName)sourceFeatureClassName;            sourceDatasetName.WorkspaceName = sourceWorkspaceName;            sourceDatasetName.Name = nameOfSourceFeatureClass;            //create target workspace name            //创建目标工作空间名称            IDataset targetWorkspaceDataset = (IDataset)targetWorkspace;            IWorkspaceName targetWorkspaceName = (IWorkspaceName)targetWorkspaceDataset.FullName;            //create target dataset name            //创建目标数据集名称              IFeatureClassName targetFeatureClassName = new FeatureClassNameClass();            IDatasetName targetDatasetName = (IDatasetName)targetFeatureClassName;            targetDatasetName.WorkspaceName = targetWorkspaceName;            targetDatasetName.Name = nameOfTargetFeatureClass;            //Open input Featureclass to get field definitions.             //打开输入的要素类以得到字段定义             IName sourceName = (IName)sourceFeatureClassName;            //打开源要素类             IFeatureClass sourceFeatureClass = (IFeatureClass)sourceName.Open();            //Validate the field names because you are converting between different workspace types.            //验证字段名称，因为你正在不同类型的工作空间之间进行数据转换            IFieldChecker fieldChecker = new FieldCheckerClass();            IFields targetFeatureClassFields;            IFields sourceFeatureClassFields = sourceFeatureClass.Fields;            IEnumFieldError enumFieldError;            // Most importantly set the input and validate workspaces!              //最重要的设置输入和验证工作空间            fieldChecker.InputWorkspace = sourceWorkspace;            fieldChecker.ValidateWorkspace = targetWorkspace;            fieldChecker.Validate(sourceFeatureClassFields, out enumFieldError, out targetFeatureClassFields);            // Loop through the output fields to find the geomerty field            //遍历所有输出字段找到几何字段            IField geometryField;            for (int i = 0; i < targetFeatureClassFields.FieldCount; i++)            {                if (targetFeatureClassFields.get_Field(i).Type == esriFieldType.esriFieldTypeGeometry)                {                    geometryField = targetFeatureClassFields.get_Field(i);                    // Get the geometry field's geometry defenition                     //得到几何字段的几何定义                    IGeometryDef geometryDef = geometryField.GeometryDef;                    //Give the geometry definition a spatial index grid count and grid size                    //赋予几何定义一个空间索引格网数目和格网大小值                    IGeometryDefEdit targetFCGeoDefEdit = (IGeometryDefEdit)geometryDef;                    targetFCGeoDefEdit.GridCount_2 = 1;                    targetFCGeoDefEdit.set_GridSize(0, 0);                    //Allow ArcGIS to determine a valid grid size for the data loaded                    //允许ArcGIS为数据加载确定一个有效的格网大小                    if (sc_id == 0)                    {                        targetFCGeoDefEdit.SpatialReference_2 = geometryField.GeometryDef.SpatialReference;                    }                     else                    {                        ISpatialReferenceFactory2 pSRF2 = new SpatialReferenceEnvironmentClass();                        IGeographicCoordinateSystem pGCS = pSRF2.CreateGeographicCoordinateSystem(sc_id);                        ISpatialReference pSR = (ISpatialReference)pGCS;                        targetFCGeoDefEdit.SpatialReference_2 = pSR;                    }                    //geometryField.GeometryDef.SpatialReference;                    // we want to convert all of the features                    //转换要素类中所有的要素                    IQueryFilter queryFilter = new QueryFilterClass();                    queryFilter.WhereClause = "";                    // Load the feature class                    //加载要素类                    IFeatureDataConverter fctofc = new FeatureDataConverterClass();                    IEnumInvalidObject enumErrors = fctofc.ConvertFeatureClass(sourceFeatureClassName,                        queryFilter, null, targetFeatureClassName, geometryDef,                         targetFeatureClassFields, "", 1000, 0);                    break;                }            }        }

5.将mdb或Shape文件中要素类转换追加到sde数据库已有的要素类中，追加的mdb和Shape格式必须同SDE（空间数据库插件）数据库中表结构的数据格式相同

       /// <summary>        /// 将mdb或Shape文件中要素类转换追加到sde数据库已有的要素类中        /// </summary>        /// <param name="sourceWorkspace"></param>        /// <param name="targetWorkspace"></param>        /// <param name="nameOfSourceFeatureClass"></param>        /// <param name="nameOfTargetFeatureClass"></param>        public static void AddFeatureClassToSDE(IWorkspace sourceWorkspace, IWorkspace targetWorkspace,            string nameOfSourceFeatureClass, string nameOfTargetFeatureClass)        {            IFeatureWorkspace pSourceFW = sourceWorkspace as IFeatureWorkspace;            IFeatureClass pSourceFc = pSourceFW.OpenFeatureClass(nameOfSourceFeatureClass);            IFeatureWorkspace pTargetFW = targetWorkspace as IFeatureWorkspace;            IFeatureClass pTargetFc = pTargetFW.OpenFeatureClass(nameOfTargetFeatureClass);            mdb2fc(pSourceFc, pTargetFc);        }

函数通过各自的工作空间和要素类名称等到具体需要转换的要素类（包括源要素类：mdb或shape格式中的表结构和目标要素类：SDE中的表结构），然后调用mdb2fc完成具体的转换工作，实现代码如下：

        /// <summary>        /// 追加要素到SDE的featureclass中        /// </summary>        /// <param name="pSourceFc">源要素类</param>        /// <param name="pTargetFc">目的要素类</param>        private static void mdb2fc(IFeatureClass pSourceFc, IFeatureClass pTargetFc)        {            IFeatureCursor pFeaCursor = pSourceFc.Search(null, false);            IFeature pFeature = pFeaCursor.NextFeature();            IField pField = new FieldClass();            int iIndex = 0;            while (pFeature != null)            {                IFeature tempFeature = pTargetFc.CreateFeature();                tempFeature.Shape = pFeature.Shape;                try                {                    //添加字段值                    for (int j = 0; j < pSourceFc.Fields.FieldCount; j++)                    {                        pField = pSourceFc.Fields.get_Field(j);                        iIndex = tempFeature.Fields.FindField(pField.Name);                        if (pField.Editable && iIndex != -1)                        {                            tempFeature.set_Value(iIndex, pFeature.get_Value(j));                        }                    }                    tempFeature.Store();                }                catch (System.Exception ex)                {                    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);                    return;                }                pFeature = pFeaCursor.NextFeature();            }        }

上面根据源要素类的每一个字段的每一个值依次遍历并且插入SDE的目的要素类（表）中。

6.在图层中搜索要素

        /// <summary>        /// 在图层中搜索要素        /// </summary>        /// <param name="pFeatLyr">需要搜索的图层</param>        /// <param name="pGeo">搜索的集合条件</param>        /// <returns>包含结果集的游标对象</returns>        public static IFeatureCursor SearchFeatures(IFeatureLayer pFeatLyr, IGeometry pGeo)        {            try            {                ISpatialFilter spatialFilter = new SpatialFilterClass();                spatialFilter.Geometry = pGeo;                spatialFilter.GeometryField = pFeatLyr.FeatureClass.ShapeFieldName;                spatialFilter.SpatialRel = esriSpatialRelEnum.esriSpatialRelIntersects;                IFeatureCursor featureCursor = pFeatLyr.FeatureClass.Search(spatialFilter, false);                return pFeatLyr.FeatureClass.Search(spatialFilter, false);            }            catch (Exception ex)            {                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);                return null;             }        }

7.从选择集中创建要素集

       /// <summary>        /// 从选择集中创建要素集        /// </summary>        /// <param name="pFeatureLayer">来源图层</param>        /// <param name="pGeometry">选择范围</param>        /// <returns>FeatureClass</returns>        public static IFeatureClass CreateSelectionLayer(IFeatureLayer pFL, IGeometry pGeometry)        {            try            {                IFeatureLayerDefinition pFLD = pFL as IFeatureLayerDefinition;                ISpatialFilter pSF = new SpatialFilterClass();                pSF.Geometry = pGeometry;                pSF.SpatialRel = esriSpatialRelEnum.esriSpatialRelIntersects;                IQueryFilter pQFilter = pSF;                IFeatureSelection pFeatureSel = pFL as IFeatureSelection;                pFeatureSel.SelectFeatures(pSF, esriSelectionResultEnum.esriSelectionResultNew, false);                IFeatureLayer pSelFL = pFLD.CreateSelectionLayer("Selected Layer", true, null, null);                return pSelFL.FeatureClass;            }            catch (Exception e)            {                throw (new Exception(e.Message));            }        }

8.得到一个要素类和数据集的空间参考系

       /// <summary>        /// 得到一个要素类的空间参考系        /// </summary>        /// <param name="pFeatureClass">要素类</param>        /// <returns>空间参考系</returns>        public static ISpatialReference getSpatialReference(IFeatureClass pFeatureClass)        {            IGeoDataset pGeoDataset = pFeatureClass as IGeoDataset;            return pGeoDataset.SpatialReference;        }        /// <summary>        /// 得到一个数据集的空间参考系        /// </summary>        /// <param name="pFeatureDataset">数据集</param>        /// <returns>空间参考系</returns>        public static ISpatialReference getSpatialReference(IFeatureDataset pFeatureDataset)        {            IGeoDataset pGeoDataset = pFeatureDataset as IGeoDataset;            return pGeoDataset.SpatialReference;        }

9.改变要素类的空间参考

        /// <summary>        /// 改变要素类的空间参考        /// </summary>        /// <param name="pFeatureClass">要素类</param>        /// <param name="pGeoType">空间参考类型</param>        public static void ChangeFeatureClassRef(IFeatureClass pFeatureClass, int gcsType)        {            IGeoDataset pGeoDataset = pFeatureClass as IGeoDataset;            //QI 到IGeoDatasetSchemaEdit            IGeoDatasetSchemaEdit pGeoDatasetSchemaEdit = pGeoDataset as            IGeoDatasetSchemaEdit;            if (pGeoDatasetSchemaEdit.CanAlterSpatialReference == true)            {                //创建SpatialReferenceEnvironmentClass对象                ISpatialReferenceFactory2 pSpaRefFactory = new SpatialReferenceEnvironmentClass();                //创建地理坐标系对象                IGeographicCoordinateSystem pNewGeoSys = pSpaRefFactory.CreateGeographicCoordinateSystem(gcsType);                pGeoDatasetSchemaEdit.AlterSpatialReference(pNewGeoSys);            }        }

10.根据各种信息创建要素类

        /// <summary>        /// 创建一个要素类        /// </summary>        /// <param name="workspace">创建要素类的工作空间</param>        /// <param name="featureDataset">数据集</param>        /// <param name="featureClassName">要素类名称</param>        /// <param name="fields">字段集合</param>        /// <param name="CLSID"></param>        /// <param name="CLSEXT"></param>        /// <param name="strConfigKeyword"></param>        /// <returns></returns>        public static IFeatureClass CreateFeatureClass(IWorkspace2 workspace,            IFeatureDataset featureDataset, String featureClassName, IFields fields,            UID CLSID, UID CLSEXT, String strConfigKeyword)        {            // name was not passed in             if (featureClassName == "")            {                return null;            }            IFeatureClass featureClass;            IFeatureWorkspace featureWorkspace = (IFeatureWorkspace)workspace;            //feature class with that name already exists             if (workspace.get_NameExists(esriDatasetType.esriDTFeatureClass, featureClassName))             {                featureClass = featureWorkspace.OpenFeatureClass(featureClassName);                return featureClass;            }            // assign the class id value if not assigned            if (CLSID == null)            {                CLSID = new UIDClass();                CLSID.Value = "esriGeoDatabase.Feature";            }            IObjectClassDescription objectClassDescription = new FeatureClassDescriptionClass();            // if a fields collection is not passed in then supply our own            if (fields == null)            {                return null;            }            System.String strShapeField = "";            // locate the shape field            for (int j = 0; j < fields.FieldCount; j++)            {                if (fields.get_Field(j).Type == esriFieldType.esriFieldTypeGeometry)                {                    strShapeField = fields.get_Field(j).Name;                    break;                }            }            // Use IFieldChecker to create a validated fields collection.            IFieldChecker fieldChecker = new FieldCheckerClass();            IEnumFieldError enumFieldError = null;            IFields validatedFields = null;            fieldChecker.ValidateWorkspace = (IWorkspace)workspace;            fieldChecker.Validate(fields, out enumFieldError, out validatedFields);            // The enumFieldError enumerator can be inspected at this point to determine             // which fields were modified during validation.            // finally create and return the feature class            if (featureDataset == null)// if no feature dataset passed in, create at the workspace level            {                featureClass = featureWorkspace.CreateFeatureClass(featureClassName, validatedFields, CLSID,                    CLSEXT, esriFeatureType.esriFTSimple, strShapeField, strConfigKeyword);            }            else            {                featureClass = featureDataset.CreateFeatureClass(featureClassName, validatedFields, CLSID,                    CLSEXT, esriFeatureType.esriFTSimple, strShapeField, strConfigKeyword);            }            return featureClass;        }

11.导入一个要素类到目标工作空间中

        /// <summary>        /// 导入一个要素类到目标工作空间中        /// </summary>        /// <param name="pFW">目标工作空间</param>        /// <param name="pFD">目标工作空间中的数据集</param>        /// <param name="strFCName">导入的目标工作空间的要素类名称</param>        /// <param name="pFC">被导入的要素类</param>        public static void ImportFeatureClassToSDE(IFeatureWorkspace pFW, IFeatureDataset pFD,            string strFCName, IFeatureClass pSourceFC)        {            if (pSourceFC == null)            {                MessageBox.Show("被导入的要素类为空了!");                return;            }            IWorkspace2 pW2 = pFW as IWorkspace2;            IFeatureClass pTargetFC = null;            pTargetFC = CreateFeatureClass(pW2, pFD, strFCName, pSourceFC.Fields, null,                null, "");            if (pTargetFC != null)            {                mdb2fc(pSourceFC, pTargetFC);            }            else            {                MessageBox.Show("打开或创建目标要素类失败!");            }        }

12.编辑空间参照和设置IFeatureDataset空间参照

        /// <summary>        /// 编辑空间参照        /// </summary>        /// <param name="inputSpr"></param>        /// <returns></returns>        public static ISpatialReference EditSpatialReferenceDlg(ISpatialReference inputSpr)        {            ESRI.ArcGIS.CatalogUI.ISpatialReferenceDialog2 spatialReferenceDialog2 = new ESRI.ArcGIS.CatalogUI.SpatialReferenceDialogClass();            ISpatialReference spf = spatialReferenceDialog2.DoModalEdit(inputSpr, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, 0);            return spf;        }        /// <summary>        /// 设置IFeatureDataset空间参照        /// </summary>        /// <param name="ds"></param>        /// <returns></returns>        public static void SetFdsSpatialReference(IFeatureClass ds)        {            IGeoDataset gds = ds as IGeoDataset;            // Cast the geodataset to the IGeoDatasetSchemaEdit interface and set the Spatial Reference.                IGeoDatasetSchemaEdit geoDatasetSchemaEdit = (IGeoDatasetSchemaEdit)gds;            if (geoDatasetSchemaEdit.CanAlterSpatialReference)            {                geoDatasetSchemaEdit.AlterSpatialReference(EditSpatialReferenceDlg(gds.SpatialReference));            }        }

        这里实现所有的函数都是在类MapOperation中，要看懂上面的所有代码必须要有一些ArcObejct编程的基础知识，当然还包括我前一篇博文介绍的有关于ArcGIS的相关知识，为了给大家提供一些ArcObject的编程知识，特别是用C#讲解的，我上传一本电子书，这本书我觉得很不错，讲到了很多关于ArcGIS二次开发的各个方面。电子书的下载地址：

http://download.csdn.net/detail/wanweiaiaqiang/3824454；或在下载页搜索：ArcGIS Engine+C#实例开发教程。

     凌晨1:50，睡觉了。昨天晚上我们整个项目组在公司加班到晚上10点以后哦！