mysql主从搭建实现

转自：http://blog.chinaunix.net/space.php?uid=22600159&do=blog&id=2124156

 MySQL是应用广泛的关系型数据库，当数据规模逐渐扩大，并且重要性不断提高的情况下，单数据库的可靠性和性能受到严重挑战，所以就会有了主从，读写分离等需求了。

    首先在2台linux下安装mysql，最好是内网机器，可以用内网网卡做主从同步，网络质量和安全都可以得到保证。

 

1、安装一些常用包:

yum -y install  gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

yum -y install perl perl-URI perl-DBI perl-String newt-perl

2、下载并安装mysql

wget  http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/

tar -zxf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz

 

3、编译安装mysql

cd mysql-5.5.3-m3

 

 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex--enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server--enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg &&make &&make install

 

4、建立mysql用户和数据文件夹等

 

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql   

/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
mkdir -p /home/mysql/data

mkdir -p /home/mysql/binlog
mkdir -p /home/mysql/relaylog

chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql/*

 

5、初始化数据库

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --user=mysql

 

6、建立mysql启动 关闭脚本：vim /etc/init.d/mysql  如下：

 

#!/bin/sh

mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="root" //这里要修改
mysql_password="12345" //这里要修改
function_start_mysql()
{
    printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
    /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/mysql/my.cnf 2>&1 >/dev/null &
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
    printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S/tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 5
    function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
    kill -9 $(ps -ef |grep 'bin/mysqld_safe'| grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
    kill -9 $(ps -ef |grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
    function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
    function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
    function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
    function_kill_mysql
else
    printf "Usage: /home/mysql/mysql {start;stop;restart;kill}\n"
fi

7、建立mysql配置文件：vim /home/mysql/my.cnf

主从的配置文件差异就在一个地方，主数据库这个值如下：

server-id = 1  从数据库不等于1就可以了

[client]
character-set-server = utf8
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /home/mysql/data
log-error = /home/mysql/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /home/mysql/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 300
#thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 3
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /home/mysql/binlog/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /home/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /home/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log = /home/mysql/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 30
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
#master-host = 192.168.1.2
#master-user = username
#master-password = password
#master-port = 3306
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0

#log-slow-queries = /home/mysql/slow.log

#long_query_time = 10


[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

8、主从都完成以上步骤，然后启动mysql：sh /etc/init.d/mysql start

9、登录主数据库就行授权

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'slave'@'192.168.1.2 identified by '123456';

10、查询主数据库状态，如下：

[root@test ~]# mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock 
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3447543 to server version: 5.1.36-log

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position  | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000113 | 403767838 |              |                  | 
+------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

11、配置从数据库

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.1', master_user='slave', master_password='123456', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000113', master_log_pos=403767838;

正确执行后再执行:
mysql> start slave;

检查下运行状况：

mysql> show slave status\G
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:    596
Current database: *** NONE ***

*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.1
                  Master_User: slave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: binlog.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4120647
               Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000214
                Relay_Log_Pos: 248
        Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,test
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 4120647
              Relay_Log_Space: 538
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 2013
                Last_IO_Error: error reconnecting to master 'slave@192.168.1.1:3306' - retry-time: 60  retries: 86400
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

当Slave_IO_Running: Yes和Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 都是Yes就说明正常。

12、验证是否成功

在主数据库上新建一个数据库，查看从数据库是不是也有了这个数据库；新建一张表或者插入一条记录，查看从数据库是否同步更新。

主数据库有数据的情况: 
1、数据库锁表操作，不让数据再进行写入动作。mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK；
2、察看主数据库的状态 mysql> show master status; 照前面记录输出值。
3、把主服务器数据文件复制到从服务器，最好先用压缩处理一下。
4、取消主数据库锁定 mysql> UNLOCK TABLES； 
5、从服务器的操作和之前一样。记得先stop slave  然后start slave

简单mysql命令介绍：

新建授权用户

grant select,insert,update,delete on *.* to test1@"%" Identified by "abc";  

给用户重新授权

drop user serwei@'192.168.0.242';

grant select  on *.* to serwei@"192.168.0.%" identified by "123456";

flush privileges;

select user,host,password from mysql.user ;

show grants for serwei@'192.168.0.%';

修改mysql监听地址：

修改my.cnf 如下：

[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
user    = mysql
port    = 3306

bind-address = 192.168.0.1

 

 

mysql proxy部署：

 

1、编译安装必备软件： 
libevent 1.x or higher (1.3b or later is preferred) 
lua 5.1.x or higher 
glib2 2.6.0 or higher 
pkg-config 
libtool 1.5 or higher 
MySQL 5.0.x or higher developer files 


2、安装 
可以直接去官方下载二进制，或源码编译安装。 
我用的是编译好的二进制：http://mysql.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Downloads/MySQL-Proxy/

 

3、启动MySQL proxy

./mysql-proxy --daemon --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.0.242:3306 --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.0.243:3306 --proxy-backend-addresses=192.168.0.233:3306 --proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua --keepalive >> /var/log/mysql-proxy.log &

 

参数说明：

--daemon                            --后台运行
--proxy-read-only-backend-addresses -- remote slave-server（只读服务器） 
--proxy-backend-addresses           -- master-server（写服务器） 
--proxy-lua-script                  -- lua script（读写分离脚本） 
--keepalive                         -- restart the proxy if it crashed（mysql-proxy宕掉重启） 

注意主从上都有一个相同的账户用作应用来读写数据库