Maven pom文件常用配置小结

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什么是POM

Project Object Model，项目对象模型。通过xml格式保存的pom.xml文件。作用类似ant的build.xml文件，功能更强大。该文件用于管理：源代码、配置文件、开发者的信息和角色、问题追踪系统、组织信息、项目授权、项目的url、项目的依赖关系等等。

一个完整的pom.xml文件，放置在项目的根目录下。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<!– The Basics –>
<groupId>…</groupId>
<artifactId>…</artifactId>
<version>…</version>
<packaging>…</packaging>
<dependencies>…</dependencies>
<parent>…</parent>
<dependencyManagement>…</dependencyManagement>
<modules>…</modules>
<properties>…</properties>
<!– Build Settings –>
<build>…</build>
<reporting>…</reporting>
<!– More Project Information –>
<name>…</name>
<description>…</description>
<url>…</url>
<inceptionYear>…</inceptionYear>
<licenses>…</licenses>
<organization>…</organization>
<developers>…</developers>
<contributors>…</contributors>
<!– Environment Settings –>
<issueManagement>…</issueManagement>
<ciManagement>…</ciManagement>
<mailingLists>…</mailingLists>
<scm>…</scm>
<prerequisites>…</prerequisites>
<repositories>…</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>…</pluginRepositories>
<distributionManagement>…</distributionManagement>
<profiles>…</profiles>
</project>

基本设置

maven的协作相关属性

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>my-project</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
</project>

groupId : 组织标识，例如：org.codehaus.mojo，在M2_REPO目录下，将是: org/codehaus/mojo目录。
artifactId : 项目名称，例如：my-project，在M2_REPO目录下，将是：org/codehaus/mojo/my-project目录。
version : 版本号，例如：1.0，在M2_REPO目录下，将是：org/codehaus/mojo/my-project/1.0目录。
packaging : 打包的格式，可以为：pom , jar , maven-plugin , ejb , war , ear , rar , par

POM之间的关系

主要用于POM文件的复用。

依赖关系：依赖关系列表（dependency list）是POM的重要部分。

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.0</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    …
</dependencies>

groupId , artifactId , version :
scope : compile(default),provided,runtime,test,system
exclusions

继承关系：继承其他pom.xml配置的机制。

比如父pom.xml：

<project>
[...]
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.4</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
[...]
</project>

在子pom.xml文件继承它的依赖（还可以继承其他的：developers and contributors、plugin lists、reports lists、plugin executions with matching ids、plugin configuration）：

[...]
<parent>
<groupId>com.devzuz.mvnbook.proficio</groupId>
<artifactId>proficio</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
[...]

在这种机制下，maven还提供了一个类似java.lang.Object的顶级父pom.xml文件：

<project>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<name>Maven Default Project</name>
<repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name>
      <layout>default</layout>
      <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Maven Plugin Repository</name>
      <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
      <layout>default</layout>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <releases>
        <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
      </releases>
    </pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
<build>
    <directory>target</directory>
    <outputDirectory>target/classes</outputDirectory>
    <finalName>${project.artifactId}-${project.version}</finalName>
    <testOutputDirectory>target/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
    <sourceDirectory>src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
    <scriptSourceDirectory>src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
    <testSourceDirectory>src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <testResources>
      <testResource>
        <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
      </testResource>
    </testResources>
    <pluginManagement>
       <plugins>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>1.1</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2-beta-2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.0.2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.0</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.3</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-ear-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.3.1</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-ejb-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.1</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.4</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-plugin-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.4.1</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-rar-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.0-beta-7</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.0-beta-6</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.0.4</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.4.2</version>
         </plugin>
         <plugin>
           <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
           <version>2.1-alpha-1</version>
         </plugin>
       </plugins>
     </pluginManagement>
</build>
<reporting>
    <outputDirectory>target/site</outputDirectory>
</reporting>
<profiles>
    <profile>
      <id>release-profile</id>
      <activation>
        <property>
          <name>performRelease</name>
          <value>true</value>
        </property>
      </activation>
      <build>
        <plugins>
          <plugin>
            <inherited>true</inherited>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
              <execution>
                <id>attach-sources</id>
                <goals>
                  <goal>jar</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>
            </executions>
          </plugin>
          <plugin>
            <inherited>true</inherited>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
              <execution>
                <id>attach-javadocs</id>
                <goals>
                  <goal>jar</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>
            </executions>
          </plugin>
          <plugin>
            <inherited>true</inherited>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
              <updateReleaseInfo>true</updateReleaseInfo>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>
        </plugins>
      </build>
    </profile>
</profiles>
</project>

可以通过下面命令查看当前pom.xml受到超pom.xml文件的影响：

mvn help:effective-pom

聚合关系：用于将多个maven项目聚合为一个大的项目。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>my-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<modules>
<module>my-project<module>
</modules>
</project>

属性

maven的属性，是值的占位符，类似EL，类似ant的属性，比如${X}，可用于pom文件任何赋值的位置。有以下分类：

env.X：操作系统环境变量，比如${env.PATH}
project.x：pom文件中的属性，比如：<project><version>1.0</version></project>，引用方式：${project.version}
settings.x：settings.xml文件中的属性，比如：<settings><offline>false</offline></settings>，引用方式：${settings.offline}
Java System Properties：java.lang.System.getProperties()中的属性，比如java.home，引用方式：${java.home}
自定义：在pom文件中可以：<properties><installDir>c:/apps/cargo-installs</installDir></properties>，引用方式：${installDir}

构建设置

构建有两种build标签：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
                      http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
…
<!– "Project Build" contains more elements than just the BaseBuild set –>
<build>…</build>
<profiles>
    <profile>
      <!– "Profile Build" contains a subset of "Project Build"s elements –>
      <build>…</build>
    </profile>
</profiles>
</project>

build中的主要标签：Resources和Plugins。

Resources：用于排除或包含某些资源文件

    <resources>
      <resource>
        <targetPath>META-INF/plexus</targetPath>
        <filtering>false</filtering>
        <directory>${basedir}/src/main/plexus</directory>
        <includes>
          <include>configuration.xml</include>
        </includes>
        <excludes>
          <exclude>**/*.properties</exclude>
        </excludes>
      </resource>
    </resources>

Plugins：设置构建的插件

<build>
    …
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.0</version>
        <extensions>false</extensions>
        <inherited>true</inherited>
        <configuration>
          <classifier>test</classifier>
        </configuration>
        <dependencies>…</dependencies>
        <executions>…</executions>
      </plugin>