Android异步加载图像小结

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研究了android从网络上异步加载图像,现总结如下:

(1)由于androidUI更新支持单一线程原则,所以从网络上取数据并更新到界面上,为了不阻塞主线程首先可能会想到以下方法。

    在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,加载图像方法如下所示

    privatevoid loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
        handler.post(new Runnable() {
               public void run() {
                   Drawable drawable = null;
                   try {
                       drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(),"image.png");
                   } catch (IOException e) {
                   }
                   ((ImageView)LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
               }
           });
    }

上面这个方法缺点很显然,经测试,如果要加载多个图片,这并不能实现异步加载,而是等到所有的图片都加载完才一起显示,因为它们都运行在一个线程中。

然后,我们可以简单改进下,将Handler+Runnable模式改为Handler+Thread+Message模式不就能实现同时开启多个线程吗?

(2)在主线程中new 一个Handler对象,代码如下:

    finalHandler handler2=new Handler(){
         @Override
         public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            ((ImageView)LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);
         }
     };

   对应加载图像代码如下:

  //采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载
    private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {
        Thread thread = new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
              Drawable drawable = null;
                   try {
                       drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(),"image.png");
                   } catch (IOException e) {
                   }

               Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;
                message.arg1 = id;
                message.obj = drawable;
                handler2.sendMessage(message);
            }
        };
        thread.start();
        thread = null;
    }

这样就简单实现了异步加载了。细想一下,还可以优化的,比如引入线程池、引入缓存等,我们先介绍线程池。

(3)引入ExecutorService接口,于是代码可以优化如下:

      在主线程中加入:private ExecutorService executorService =Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);   

      对应加载图像方法更改如下:

     // 引入线程池来管理多线程
    private voidloadImage3(final String url, final int id) {
       executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
           public void run() {
               try {
                   final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(newURL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
                   handler.post(new Runnable() {

                       public void run() {
                           ((ImageView)LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
                       }
                   });
               } catch (Exception e) {
                   throw new RuntimeException(e);
               }
           }
       });
    }

(4)为了更方便使用我们可以将异步加载图像方法封装一个类,对外界只暴露一个方法即可,考虑到效率问题我们可以引入内存缓存机制,做法是

建立一个HashMap,其键(key)为加载图像url,其值(value)是图像对象Drawable。先看一下我们封装的类

public class AsyncImageLoader3 {
  //为了加快速度,在内存中开启缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)
    publicMap<String,SoftReference<Drawable>>imageCache = new HashMap<String,SoftReference<Drawable>>();
    privateExecutorService executorService =Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);   //固定五个线程来执行任务
    privatefinal Handler handler=new Handler();

    
    publicDrawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallbackcallback) {
       //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据
       if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
           SoftReference<Drawable> softReference= imageCache.get(imageUrl);
           if (softReference.get() != null) {
               return softReference.get();
           }
       }
       //缓存中没有图像,则从网络上取出数据,并将取出的数据缓存到内存中
        executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
           public void run() {
               try {
                   final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(newURL(imageUrl).openStream(), "image.png");

                   imageCache.put(imageUrl, newSoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));

                   handler.post(new Runnable() {
                       public void run() {
                          callback.imageLoaded(drawable);
                       }
                   });
               } catch (Exception e) {
                   throw new RuntimeException(e);
               }
           }
       });
       return null;
    }
    //从网络上取数据方法
    protectedDrawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
       try {
           return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(),"image.png");
       } catch (Exception e) {
           throw new RuntimeException(e);
       }
    }
   //对外界开放的回调接口
    publicinterface ImageCallback {
       //注意 此方法是用来设置目标对象的图像资源
       public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
    }
}这样封装好后使用起来就方便多了。在主线程中首先要引入AsyncImageLoader3对象,然后直接调用其loadDrawable方法即可,需要注意的是ImageCallback接口的imageLoaded方法是唯一可以把加载的图像设置到目标ImageView或其相关的组件上。

在主线程调用代码:

  先实例化对象 privateAsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();

  调用异步加载方法:

//引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程
    private voidloadImage4(final String url, final int id) {
         //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
        Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,newAsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
            //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
            public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
              ((ImageView)findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
            }
        });
       if(cacheImage!=null){
         ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
       }
    }

(5)同理,下面也给出采用Thread+Handler+MessageQueue+内存缓存代码,原则同(4),只是把线程池换成了Thread+Handler+MessageQueue模式而已。代码如下:

public class AsyncImageLoader {
  //为了加快速度,加入了缓存(主要应用于重复图片较多时,或者同一个图片要多次被访问,比如在ListView时来回滚动)
    privateMap<String,SoftReference<Drawable>>imageCache = new HashMap<String,SoftReference<Drawable>>();

    
    publicDrawable loadDrawable(final String imageUrl, final ImageCallbackcallback) {
       //如果缓存过就从缓存中取出数据
       if (imageCache.containsKey(imageUrl)) {
           SoftReference<Drawable> softReference= imageCache.get(imageUrl);
           if (softReference.get() != null) {
               return softReference.get();
           }
       }

       final Handler handler = new Handler() {
           @Override
           public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
               callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) msg.obj);
           }
       };
       new Thread() {
           public void run() {
               Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
               imageCache.put(imageUrl, newSoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
               handler.sendMessage(handler.obtainMessage(0, drawable));

           }

       }.start();
       
//       new AsyncTask() {
//           @Override
//           protected Drawable doInBackground(Object... objects) {
//                 Drawable drawable = loadImageFromUrl(imageUrl);
//               imageCache.put(imageUrl, newSoftReference<Drawable>(drawable));
//               return  drawable;
//           }
//
//           @Override
//           protected void onPostExecute(Object o) {
//                 callback.imageLoaded((Drawable) o);
//           }
//       }.execute();
       return null;
    }

    protectedDrawable loadImageFromUrl(String imageUrl) {
       try {
           return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(imageUrl).openStream(),"src");
       } catch (Exception e) {
           throw new RuntimeException(e);
       }
    }
   //对外界开放的回调接口
    publicinterface ImageCallback {
       public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable);
    }
}

至此,异步加载就介绍完了,下面给出的代码为测试用的完整代码:

package com.bshark.supertelphone.activity;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import com.bshark.supertelphone.R;
importcom.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader;
importcom.bshark.supertelphone.ui.adapter.util.AsyncImageLoader3;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class LazyLoadImageActivity extends Activity {
      final Handler handler=new Handler();
     final Handler handler2=new Handler(){
         @Override
         public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            ((ImageView)LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(msg.arg1)).setImageDrawable((Drawable)msg.obj);
         }
     };
 private ExecutorService executorService =Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);   //固定五个线程来执行任务
    privateAsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();
    privateAsyncImageLoader3 asyncImageLoader3 = new AsyncImageLoader3();

 

 @Override
 public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.main);
  
//  loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",R.id.image1);
//  loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif",R.id.image2);
//  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",R.id.image3);
//       loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif",R.id.image4);
//  loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",R.id.image5);

       loadImage2("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",R.id.image1);
  loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif",R.id.image2);
  loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",R.id.image3);
       loadImage2("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif",R.id.image4);
  loadImage2("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",R.id.image5);
//       loadImage3("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",R.id.image1);
//  loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif",R.id.image2);
//  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",R.id.image3);
//       loadImage3("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif",R.id.image4);
//  loadImage3("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",R.id.image5);

//       loadImage4("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",R.id.image1);
//  loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif",R.id.image2);
//  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",R.id.image3);
//       loadImage4("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif",R.id.image4);
//  loadImage4("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",R.id.image5);

//       loadImage5("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",R.id.image1);
//       //为了测试缓存而模拟的网络延时
//       SystemClock.sleep(2000);
//  loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif",R.id.image2);
//       SystemClock.sleep(2000);
//  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",R.id.image3);
//       SystemClock.sleep(2000);
//       loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif",R.id.image4);
//       SystemClock.sleep(2000);
//  loadImage5("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",R.id.image5);
//       SystemClock.sleep(2000);
//        loadImage5("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif",R.id.image4);
 }

 @Override
 protected void onDestroy() {
  executorService.shutdown();
  super.onDestroy();
 }
   //线程加载图像基本原理
    private voidloadImage(final String url, final int id) {
        handler.post(new Runnable() {
               public void run() {
                   Drawable drawable = null;
                   try {
                       drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(),"image.png");
                   } catch (IOException e) {
                   }
                   ((ImageView)LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
               }
           });
    }
    //采用handler+Thread模式实现多线程异步加载
    private void loadImage2(final String url, final int id) {
        Thread thread = new Thread(){
            @Override
            public void run() {
              Drawable drawable = null;
                   try {
                       drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(),"image.png");
                   } catch (IOException e) {
                   }

               Message message= handler2.obtainMessage() ;
                message.arg1 = id;
                message.obj = drawable;
                handler2.sendMessage(message);
            }
        };
        thread.start();
        thread = null;
    }
    //引入线程池来管理多线程
    private voidloadImage3(final String url, final int id) {
       executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
           public void run() {
               try {
                   final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(newURL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
                   handler.post(new Runnable() {

                       public void run() {
                           ((ImageView)LazyLoadImageActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
                       }
                   });
               } catch (Exception e) {
                   throw new RuntimeException(e);
               }
           }
       });
    }
   //引入线程池,并引入内存缓存功能,并对外部调用封装了接口,简化调用过程
    private voidloadImage4(final String url, final int id) {
         //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
        Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader.loadDrawable(url,newAsyncImageLoader.ImageCallback() {
            //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
            public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
              ((ImageView)findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
            }
        });
       if(cacheImage!=null){
         ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
       }
    }

   //采用Handler+Thread+封装外部接口
    private voidloadImage5(final String url, final int id) {
         //如果缓存过就会从缓存中取出图像,ImageCallback接口中方法也不会被执行
        Drawable cacheImage = asyncImageLoader3.loadDrawable(url,newAsyncImageLoader3.ImageCallback() {
            //请参见实现:如果第一次加载url时下面方法会执行
            public void imageLoaded(Drawable imageDrawable) {
              ((ImageView)findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(imageDrawable);
            }
        });
       if(cacheImage!=null){
                   ((ImageView) findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(cacheImage);
       }
    }


}

 

xml文件大致如下:

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
             android:layout_width="fill_parent"
             android:orientation="vertical"
             android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
  <ImageViewandroid:id="@+id/image1" android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
   <ImageViewandroid:id="@+id/image2" android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
   <ImageView android:id="@+id/image3"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
   <ImageView android:id="@+id/image5"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
   <ImageView android:id="@+id/image4"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_width="fill_parent"></ImageView>
</LinearLayout>