利用filename and pipe读取文件

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最近在网上看到一些关于批量读取文件的帖子,想到今后定会遇到,特作记录。

一.Filename

1.filename function语法

a.FILENAME(fileref <,file-name> <,device-type> <,’host-options’> <,dir-ref>)

帮助文档里面有着经典的例子:

**Example 1: Assigning a Fileref to an External File ;%let filrf=myfile;%let rc=%sysfunc(filename(filrf, physical-filename));%if &rc ne 0 %then%put %sysfunc(sysmsg());%let rc=%sysfunc(filename(filrf));**Example 2: Assigning a System-Generated Fileref ;%let rc=%sysfunc(filename(fname, physical-filename));%if &rc %then%put %sysfunc(sysmsg());%else%do;*more macro statements;%end;**Example 3: Assigning a Fileref to a Pipe File. This example assigns the fileref MYPIPE to a pipe file with the output from the UNIX command LS, which lists the files in the directory /u/myid. Note that in a macro statement you do not enclose character strings in quotation marks.;%let filrf=mypipe;%let rc=%sysfunc(filename(filrf, %str(ls /u/myid), pipe));


2.filename statement语法

a.FILENAME fileref<device-type>'external-file' <options><operating-environment-options>;

b.FILENAME fileref<device-type><options><operating-environment-options>;

c.FILENAME fileref CLEAR | _ALL_ CLEAR;

d.FILENAME fileref LIST | _ALL_ LIST;

Yves DeGuire的一篇PPT中例举了几个例子来说明filename statement的几种功能:

**To access an external file on disk;filename copyin "&SASROOT\SAS 9.1\core\sample\contents.sas";filename copyout disk"C:\temp\contents.sas";data _null_;   infile copyin sharebuffers;   file copyout;   input;put _infile_;run;**To create a temporary file that exists only as long as the filename is assigned.;filename copyin"&SASROOT\SAS 9.1\core\sample\contents.sas";filename copyout temp;data _null_;   infile copyin sharebuffers;   file copyout;   input;   put _infile_;run;

除了temp外还有一些options,例如dummy可以提供一个空的文件或将结果输出到文件,clipbrd 可以从主机上的剪贴板读取数据或将数据写入剪贴板,pipe则可以将数据写入pipe或从中读取数据,catalog可以将SAS的目录定位到外部文件,email可以利用sas发送邮件,ftp和url则可以利用FTP和URL访问远程文件。

二 Pipe

首先pipe是什么,它是SAS中两中处理间的信息传输管道,其中存在两种Pipe,即:Unnamed pipe和Named pipe。后者主要处理SAS和其他软件间的信息交流,前者则可以用来调用外部代码或在不创建中间文件情况下更改输入、输出、报错等信息。这是利用主程序和子程序间的关系,其中filename 语句下面的是子程序。Unnamed Pipe 与filename一起使用可以用来解决涉及外部文件的很多问题,姑且算作Filename语句的一种延伸吧,语法如下:

filename <fileref> pipe “<command>”;

其中command是DOS命令,pipe将command里面的信息导入虚拟文件fileref里面,再在data步里面调用。例如我们需要读取电脑里面一个文件夹(D:\TEMP)下面所有的txt文件:

filename temp pipe "D:\TEMP\*.txt /b";

可以进一步将文件名导入宏变量进行进一步操作

data _null_; infile terms pad missover end=eof; input @1 filename $12.; call symput('file' || left(_n_),filename); if eof then call symput('nfiles',left(_n_));run;

三 应用

国内很多sas论坛(如SASOR,MYSAS,人大经济论坛)都出现过批量导入的问题,以下几个帖子算是比较具有代表性的。

http://sasor.feoh.net/viewtopic.php?t=2916

http://sasor.feoh.net/viewtopic.php?t=4555

http://mysas.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=4832&p=16201&hilit=%E6%89%B9%E9%87%8F+%E6%89%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%AF%BC%E5%85%A5#p16201

http://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-963079-2-1.html

http://bbs.pinggu.org/thread-424967-1-1.html

很多博客上面也都就类似问题进行了剖析,这方面的文章也不在少数,下面摘录一些个人认为具有代表性的案例:

1.读取文件夹下多个excel表格

options pageno=1 ;options mprint ;%let my_dir = d:\temp\ ;filename xcl_fil pipe "dir &my_dir.*.xls /b";%MACRO Mult_Fil(PIPEin=,DSout=); %LOCAL i ;    data _NULL_ ;       infile &PIPEin end=last;       retain k 0 ;       k + 1 ;       length f_name1 f_name2 $ 60 ;       input f_name1 $ ;       f_name2 = "&my_dir"||trim(left(f_name1));       ck = compress(put(k,3.));        * This will produce both the filename ;        * and the path/filename ;       call symput('F'||ck,trim(left(f_name1)));       call symput('G'||ck,f_name2);        * Now, a count of the number of files ;       if last then call symput('TOT_FILZ',ck);    run;      * Create Dataset with Dummy Record ;    data &dsout ;    run; %DO i = 1 %TO &TOT_FILZ;    proc import datafile="&&G&i" out=__test      dbms=excel2000 replace;      getnames=yes ;    data __test ;       set __test;        * Save the name of the file this ;        * data came from ;       file = "&&F&i";    data &dsout ;         * Stack the files ;       set &dsout __test ; %END ;    data &dsout ;       set &dsout;        * remove Dummy Record ;       if _N_ = 1 then delete;    run;%MEND Mult_Fil ;%mult_fil(PIPEin=xcl_fil,DSout=perm)proc print data=&syslast;title "Reading All Files";run;

2.读取多个文本文件

/*Program by Xiamen University Zhichao.luo@gmail.com, Any comments are welcome*/filename folder pipe 'dir C:\temp /b'; /*指定待获取文件名的文件夹*/data file_list; length fname $13.; /*设定文件名的长度及变量名*/infile folder truncover; /* 获取文件名 */input fname $13.; /* 将文件名写入fname变量中*/call symput ('num_files',_n_);/* 将文件数量保存到宏变量num_files中*/run;/*创建宏列别*/data importcsv;set file_list;filename= trim(fname);a='%importcsv(';b=',';c=')';file "d:\temp\port.txt";put a $ filename $c;run;/*导入数据*/%macro importcsv(filename);data &filename;/*Rember to use double */infile "c:\temp\&filename" delimiter =',' MISSOVER DSD firstobs=2;input var1 var2 var3;run;%mend;%include "D:\temp\port.txt";

对于变量不同的文件的读入问题,《A Macro for Reading Multiple Text Files》一文中有详细讨论。

 

参考文献:

<sas9.2 base dictionary>

<The FilenameRevisited>

<Using Unnamed Pipes to Simplify Access to External Files>

<So Many Files, So Little Time (or Inclination) to Type Their Names:Spreadsheets by the Hundreds>

更多相关文献:

《Reading a Pipe-Delimited File within a Comma-Delimited File》

《An Automated Method to Create a Descriptive Index for a Directory of SAS Programs》

《Dynamically allocating exported datasets by the combination of pipes and ‘X’ statement》

《Check out These Pipes: Using Microsoft Windows Commands from SAS®》

《Reading Compressed Text Files Using SAS® Software》

《Reading a Pipe-Delimited File within a Comma-Delimited File》

《Create Directory on Windows Without the Fleeting DOS Window》

 

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