Oracle11gR2 64bit on RHEL 5 x86_64安装技术文档(原版英文)

 Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR2 RDBMS on RHEL (and OEL) 5 on AMD64/EM64T [ID 880989.1]

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 修改时间 01-DEC-2011类型 BULLETIN状态 PUBLISHED 

In this Document
Purpose
Scope and Application
Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR2 RDBMS on RHEL (and OEL) 5 on AMD64/EM64T
References

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Applies to:

Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition - Version: 11.2.0.0 and later [Release: 11.2 and later ]
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server x86-64 (AMD Opteron Architecture)
Linux x86-64

Purpose

This note explains the requirements that need to be met for a successful installation of RDBMS release 11.2.0.x (a 1 DVD set) on RedHat 5.2 (or greater), 64-bit (x86-64).

It is NOT the purpose of this NOTE to repeat every "how-to" step that is presented in the 11gR2 Installation Guide manual. For example this NOTE does not include how to create the Linux OS account named "oracle", nor does it cover how to set environment variables. Both are adequate covered in Chapter 2 "Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements" of the 11gR2 Installation Guide manual.

You can download the 11.2.0.1 from following URL. But you require a valid OTN account for download. http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/oracle11g/112010_linx8664soft.html

Scope and Application

This procedure is meant for those planning/trying to install Oracle Server 11.2.0.1.0 (or above) on Red Hat Server 5.2 (or greater) on the 64-bit (x86-64) platform. Since it is the expressed goal to keep Oracle Enterprise Linux functionally IDENTICAL to RHEL, this NOTE is also completely applicable to 64-bit (x86-64) OEL 5.2 or greater.

Requirements for Installing Oracle 11gR2 RDBMS on RHEL (and OEL) 5 on AMD64/EM64T

Requirements for Installing 64-bit Oracle 11gR2 RDBMS on RHEL or OEL 5.2 (or greater) 64-bit (x86_64)

I. Hardware:
===========
1. Minimum Hardware Requirements
a.) At least 4.0 Gb (4096MB) of physical RAM
b.) Swap disk space proportional to the system's physical memory as follows:

RAMSwap SpaceBetween 4 GB and 8 GB2 times the size of RAMBetween 8 GB and 32 GB1.5 times the size of RAMMore than 32 GB32 GB
c.) 1024 Mb of disk space (and less than 2Tb of disk space) in the /tmp directory.
d.) approximately 4.4 Gb of local disk space for the database software.
e.) approximately 1.7 Gb of disk space for a preconfigured database that uses file system storage (optional)


II. Software:
============
1. As is specified in section 1.3.2 of the Oracle Database Installation Guide for 11gR2 on Linux (part number E10840-02), Oracle recommends that you install the Linux operating system with the default software packages (RPMs) and do not customize the RPMs during installation. For additional information on "default-RPMs", please see Note 376183.1, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the RHEL OS"

2. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 5.2 (or greater), which is Kernel 2.6.18-92 or newer.

3. Required OS Components (per Release Notes, and Install Guide)
a.) The exact version number details of this list are based upon 64-bit (x86_64) RHEL Server 5.2 (aka "update 2"). When a higher "update" level is used, the RPM release numbers (such as 4.1.2-44) may be slightly different (such as 4.1.2-57 or 4.1.3-10). Since "update 2" and greater of RHEL 5 are certified, this is fine so long as you are still using 64-bit Linux (x86_64) RHEL Server 5 RPMs.
b.) Some of the Install Guide requirements will already be present from the "default-RPMs" foundation of Linux that you started with:

1.) binutils-2.17.50.0.6-6.el5 (x86_64)
2.) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61 (x86_64) <<< both ARCH's are required. See next line.
3.) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61 (i386) <<< both ARCH's are required. See previous line.
4.) elfutils-libelf-0.125-3.el5 (x86_64)
5.) glibc-2.5-24 (x86_64) <<< both ARCH's are required. See next line.
6.) glibc-2.5-24 (i686) <<< both ARCH's are required. See previous line.
7.) glibc-common-2.5-24 (x86_64)
8.) ksh-20060214-1.7 (x86_64)
9.) libaio-0.3.106-3.2 (x86_64) <<< both ARCH's are required. See next line.
10.) libaio-0.3.106-3.2 (i386) <<< both ARCH's are required. See previous line.
11.) libgcc-4.1.2-42.el5 (i386) <<< both ARCH's are required. See next line.
12.) libgcc-4.1.2-42.el5 (x86_64) <<< both ARCH's are required. See previous line.
13.) libstdc++-4.1.2-42.el5 (x86_64) <<< both ARCH's are required. See next line.
14.) libstdc++-4.1.2-42.el5 (i386) <<< both ARCH's are required. See previous line.
15.) make-3.81-3.el5 (x86_64)

c.) The remaining Install Guide requirements will have to be installed:

1.) elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125-3.el5.x86_64.rpm
a.) requires elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125-3.el5.x86_64.rpm as a prerequisite, as listed below.
b.) elfutils-libelf-devel and elfutils-libelf-devel-static each depend upon the other. Therefore, they must be installed together, in one (1) "rpm -ivh" command as follows:
rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125-3.el5.x86_64.rpm elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125-3.el5.x86_64.rpm
2.) glibc-headers-2.5-24.x86_64.rpm
a.) requires kernel-headers-2.6.18-92.el5.x86_64.rpm as a prerequisite, as listed below
3.) glibc-devel-2.5-24.x86_64.rpm <<< both ARCH's are required. See next item.
4.) glibc-devel-2.5-24.i386.rpm <<< both ARCH's are required. See previous item.
5.) gcc-4.1.2-42.el5.x86_64.rpm
a.) requires libgomp-4.1.2-42.el5.x86_64.rpm as a prerequisite, as listed below
6.) libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-42.el5.x86_64.rpm
7.) gcc-c++-4.1.2-42.el5.x86_64.rpm
8.) libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.x86_64.rpm <<< both ARCH's are required. See next item
9.) libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.i386.rpm <<< both ARCH's are required. See previous item.
10.) sysstat-7.0.2-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
11.) unixODBC-2.2.12.x86_64.rpm <<< both ARCH's are required. See next item
12.) unixODBC-2.2.12.i386.rpm <<< both ARCH's are required. See previous item.
13.) unixODBC-devel-2.2.12.x86_64.rpm <<< both ARCH's are required. See next item
14.) unixODBC-devel-2.2.12.i386.rpm <<< both ARCH's are required. See previous item

4. Additional Required OS Components (per the runInstaller OUI)
a.) intentionally blank

5. Additional Required OS Components (per this NOTE)
a.) Please do not rush, skip, or minimize this critical step. This list is based upon a "default-RPMs" installation of 64-bit (x86_64) RHEL Server 5. Additional RPMs (beyond anything known to Oracle) may be needed if a "less-than-default-RPMs" installation of 64-bit (x86_64) RHEL Server 5 is performed. For more information, please refer toNote 376183.1, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the RHEL OS"
b.) Several RPMs will be required as prerequisites to those listed in section II.3.c:
1.) elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125-3.el5.x86_64.rpm
2.) kernel-headers-2.6.18-92.el5.x86_64.rpm
3.) libgomp-4.1.2-42.el5.x86_64.rpm

6. Oracle Global Customer Support has noticed a recent trend with install problems that originates from installing too many RPMs. For example:
a.) installing your own JDK version (prior to execute the Oracle Software runInstaller) is not needed on Linux, and is not recommended on Linux. A pre-existing JDK often interferes with the correct JDK that the Linux Oracle Software runInstaller will place and use.
b.) installing more than the required version of the gcc / g++ RPMs often leads to accidentally using (aka enabling or activating) the incorrect one. If you have multiple RDBMS versions installed on the same Linux machine, then you will likely have to manage multiple versions of gcc /g++ . For more information, please see Note 444084.1, "Multiple gcc / g++ Versions in Linux"

7. All of the RPMs in section II. are on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 64-bit (x86_64) distribution media.

III. Environment:
================
1. Modify your kernel settings in /etc/sysctl.conf (RedHat) as follows. If the current value for any parameter is higher than the value listed in this table, do not change the value of that parameter. Range values (such as net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range) must match exactly.

kernel.shmall = physical RAM size / pagesize For most systems, this will be the value 2097152. SeeNote 301830.1 for more information.
kernel.shmmax = 1/2 of physical RAM. This would be the value 2147483648 for a system with 4Gb of physical RAM.
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 512 x processes (for example 6815744 for 13312 processes)
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

2. To activate these new settings into the running kernel space, run the sysctl -p command as root.

3. Set Shell Limits for the oracle User. Assuming that the "oracle" Unix user will perform the installation, do the following:

a.) Add the following settings to /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240

b.) Add or edit the following line in the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:

session required pam_limits.so

c.) Add the following lines to /etc/profile:

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -u 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi

4. The gcc-4.1.2 and gcc-c++-4.1.2 RPM items above will ensure that the correct gcc / g++ versions are installed. It is also required that you ensure that these correct gcc / g++ versions are active, and in-use. Ensure that the commands "gcc --version" and "g++ --version" each return "4.1.x".

5. The hostname command should return the fully qualified hostname as shown
below:

% hostname
hostname.domainname

6. If any Java packages are installed on the system, unset the Java environment variables, for example JAVA_HOME.

7. The oracle account that is used to install Oracle 11.2.0.1, should not have the Oracle install related variables set by default. For example setting ORACLE_HOME, PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH to include Oracle binaries in .profile, .login file and /etc/profile.d should be completely avoided.
a.) Setting $ORACLE_BASE (not $ORACLE_HOME) is recommended, since it eases a few prompts in the OUI runInstaller tool.
b.) Following the succesful install, it is recommended to set $ORACLE_HOME, and to set $PATH to include $ORACLE_HOME/bin at the beginning of the $PATH string.

8. By default, RHEL 5 x86_64 Linux is installed with SELinux as "enforcing". This is fine for the 11gR2 installation process. However, to subsequently run "sqlplus", switch SELinux to the "Permissive" mode. SeeNOTE 454196.1, "./sqlplus: error on libnnz11.so: cannot restore segment prot after reloc" for more details.

9. Log in as Oracle user and start the installation as follows:

./runInstaller

a.) It is best practice not to use any form of "su" to start the runInstaller, in order to avoid potential display-related problems.
b.) When performing the 11.2.0.1 installation, make sure to use the "runInstaller" version that comes with 11.2.0.1 software.
c.) When performing any subsequent 11.2.0.x patchset, make sure to use the "runInstaller" version that comes with the patchset.



ADDITIONAL NOTES
----------------
1. Supported distributions of the 32-bit (x86) Linux OS can run on on AMD64/EM64T and Intel Processor Chips that adhere to the x86_64 architecture
a.) Oracle 32-bit running on AMD64/EM64T with 32-bit OS is supported, but is NOT covered by this NOTE.
b.) Oracle 32-bit running on AMD64/EM64T with 64-bit OS is not certified and is not supported.

2. Asynchronous I/O on ext2 and ext3 file systems is supported if your scsi/fc driver supports that functionality.

3. No extra patch is required for the DIRECTIO support for x86_64.

4. No LD_ASSUME_KERNEL value should be used with the 11gR2 product.

5. Following rpm command can be used to distinguish between a 32-bit or 64-bit package.

#rpm -qa --queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n" | grep glibc-devel
glibc-devel-2.5-24 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.5-24 (i386)

References

NOTE:301830.1 - Upon startup of Linux database get ORA-27102: out of memory Linux-X86_64 Error: 28: No space left on device
NOTE:376183.1 - Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the RHEL OS
NOTE:444084.1 - Multiple gcc / g++ Versions in Linux
NOTE:454196.1 - ./sqlplus: error on libnnz11.so: cannot restore segment prot after reloc
NOTE:567506.1 - Maximum SHMMAX values for Linux x86 and x86-64
NOTE:605251.1 - Where To Locate The Oracle RDBMS Installation Guides, Upgrade Guides and Release Notes