Android Recovery模式

Recovery简介Android利用Recovery模式，进行恢复出厂设置，OTA升级，patch升级及firmware升级。
升级一般通过运行升级包中的META-INF/com/google/android/update-script脚本来执行自定义升级，脚本中是一组recovery系统能识别的UI控制，文件系统操作命令，例如write_raw_image（写FLASH分区），copy_dir（复制目录）。该包一般被下载至SDCARD和CACHE分区下。如果对该包内容感兴趣，可以从http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=442480下载JF升级包来看看。
升级中还涉及到包的数字签名，签名方式和普通JAR文件签名差不错。公钥会被硬编译入recovery，编译时生成在：out/target/product/XX/obj/PACKAGING/ota_keys_inc_intermediates/keys.inc
G1中的三种启动模式MAGIC KEY:

• camera + power：bootloader模式，ADP里则可以使用fastboot模式
  
• home + power：recovery模式
  
• 正常启动
  

Bootloader正常启动，又有三种方式，按照BCB（Bootloader Control Block, 下节介绍）中的command分类：

• command == 'boot-recovery' → 启动recovery.img。recovery模式
  
• command == 'update-radio/hboot' →更新firmware（bootloader)
  
• 其他 → 启动boot.img
  

Recovery涉及到的其他系统及文件

• CACHE分区文件

Recovery 工具通过NAND cache分区上的三个文件和主系统打交道。主系统（包括恢复出厂设置和OTA升级）可以写入recovery所需的命令，读出recovery过程中的LOG和intent。

• /cache/recovery/command：recovery命令，由主系统写入。所有命令如下：
  
  • --send_intent=anystring - write the text out to recovery.intent
    
  • --update_package=root:path - verify install an OTA package file
    
  • --wipe_data - erase user data (and cache), then reboot
    
  • --wipe_cache - wipe cache (but not user data), then reboot
    
• /cache/recovery/log：recovery过程日志，由主系统读出
  
• /cache/recovery/intent：recovery输出的intent
  
• MISC分区内容Bootloader Control Block (BCB)存放recovery bootloader message。结构如下：
  struct bootloader_message {
  
  char command[32];
  char status[32]; // 未知用途
  char recovery[1024];
  
  };
  
  • command可以有以下两个值
    “boot-recovery”：标示recovery正在进行，或指示bootloader应该进入recovery mode
    “update-hboot/radio”：指示bootloader更新firmware
    
  • recovery内容
    “recovery\n
    <recovery command>\n
    <recovery command>”
    其中recovery command为CACHE:/recovery/command命令
    

两种Recovery Case

• FACTORY RESET（恢复出厂设置）

• 用户选择“恢复出厂设置”
  
• 设置系统将"--wipe_data"命令写入/cache/recovery/command
  
• 系统重启，并进入recover模式（/sbin/recovery）
  
• get_args() 将"boot-recovery"和"--wipe_data"写入BCB
  
• erase_root() 格式化（擦除）DATA分区
  
• erase_root() 格式化（擦除）CACHE分区
  
• finish_recovery() 擦除BCB
  
• 重启系统
  

• OTA INSTALL（OTA升级）

• 升级系统下载 OTA包到/cache/some-filename.zip
  
• 升级系统写入recovery命令"--update_package=CACHE:some-filename.zip"
  
• 重启，并进入recovery模式
  
• get_args() 将"boot-recovery"和 "--update_package=..."写入BCB
  
• install_package() 作升级
  
• finish_recovery() 擦除BCB
  
• ** 如果安装包失败** prompt_and_wait() 等待用户操作，选择ALT+S或ALT+W升级或恢复出厂设置
  
• main() 调用maybe_install_firmware_update()
  
  • 如果包里有hboot/radio的firmware则继续，否则返回
    
  • 将 "boot-recovery"和 "--wipe_cache"写入BCB
    
  • 将 firmware image写入cache分区
    
  • 将 "update-radio/hboot"和 "--wipe_cache"写入BCB
    
  • 重启系统
    
  • bootloader自身更新firmware
    
  • bootloader 将"boot-recovery" 写入BCB
    
  • erase_root() 擦除CACHE分区
    
  • 清除 BCB
    
• main() 调用reboot() 重启系统
  

Recovery模式流程
/init→ init.rc → /sbin/recovery →
main():recovery.c

• ui_init():ui.c ［UI initialize］
  
  • gr_init():minui/graphics.c ［set tty0 to graphic mode, open fb0]
    
  • ev_init():minui/events.c [open /dev/input/event*]
    
  • res_create_surface:minui/resource.c [create surfaces for all bitmaps used later, include icons, bmps]
    
  • create 2 threads: progress/input_thread [create progress show and input event handler thread]
    
• get_args():recovery.c
  
  • get_bootloader_message():bootloader.c [read mtdblock0(misc partition) 2nd page for commandline]
    
  • check if nand misc partition has boot message. If yes, fill argc/argv.
    
  • If no, get arguments from /cache/recovery/command, and fill argc/argv.
    
  • set_bootloader_message():bootloader.c [set bootloader message back to mtdblock0]
    
• Parser argv[] filled above
  
• register_update_commands():commands.c [ register all commands with name and hook function ]
  
  • registerCommand():commands.c
    
    • Register command with name, hook, type, cookie.
      
    • Commands, e.g: assert, delete, copy_dir, symlink, write_raw_image.
      
  • registerFunction():commands.c
    
    • Register function with name, hook, cookie.
      
    • Function, e.g: get_mark, matches, getprop, file_contains
      
• install_package():
  
  • translate_root_path():roots.c [ "SYSTEM:lib" and turns it into a string like "/system/lib", translate the updater.zip path ]
    
  • mzOpenZipArchive():zip.c [ open updater.zip file (uncompass) ]
    
  • handle_update_package():install.c
    
    • verify_jar_signature():verifier.c [ verify signature with keys.inc key; verify manifest and zip package archive ]
      
      • verifySignature() [ verify the signature file: CERT.sf/rsa. ]
        
        • digestEntry():verifier.c [ get SHA-1 digest of CERT.sf file ]
          
        • RSA_verify(public key:keys.inc, signature:CERT.rsa, CERT.sf's digest):libc/rsa.c [ Verify a 2048 bit RSA PKCS1.5 signature against an expected SHA-1 hash. Use public key to decrypt the CERT.rsa to get original SHA digest, then compare to digest of CERT.sf ]
          
      • verifyManifest() [ Get manifest SHA1-Digest from CERT.sf. Then do digest to MANIFEST.MF. Compare them ]
        
      • verifyArchive() [ verify all the files in update.zip with digest listed in MANIFEST.MF ]
        
    • find_update_script():install.c [ find META-INF/com/google/android/update-script updater script ]
      
    • handle_update_script():install.c [ read cmds from script file, and do parser, exec ]
      
      • parseAmendScript():amend.c [ call yyparse() to parse to command ]
        
      • exeCommandList():install.c
        
        • exeCommand():execute.c [ call command hook function ]
          
• erase DATA/CACHE partition
  
• prompt_and_wait():recovery.c [ wait for user input: 1) reboot 2) update.zip 3) wipe data ]
  
  • ui_key_xxx get ALT+x keys
    
  • 1) do nothing
    
  • 2) install_package('SDCARD:update.zip')
    
  • 3) erase_root() → format_root_device() DATA/CACHE
    
• may_install_firmware_update():firmware.c [ remember_firmware_update() is called by write_hboot/radio_image command, it stores the bootloader image to CACHE partition, and write update-hboot/radio command to MISC partition for bootloader message to let bootloader update itself after reboot ]
  
  • set_bootloader_message()
    
  • write_update_for_bootloader():bootloader.c [ write firmware image into CACHE partition with update_header, busyimage and failimage ]
    
• finish_recovery():recovery.c [ clear the recovery command and prepare to boot a (hopefully working) system, copy our log file to cache as well (for the system to read), and record any intent we were asked to communicate back to the system. ]
  
• reboot()
  

Recovery模式流程图以下流程图绘制了系统从启动加载bootloader后的行为流程。