Utilities之EXP&IMP小结-续2-实例测试
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通过之前的几篇文章大致了解了EXP\IMP使用的一些参数，下面开始结合一些例子来加上了解。
show下EXP\IMP使用帮助吧。
[oracle@localhost test]$ exp help=y
Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jan 19 17:25:53 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
You can let Export prompt you for parameters by entering the EXP
command followed by your username/password:
Example: EXP SCOTT/TIGER
Or, you can control how Export runs by entering the EXP command followed
by various arguments. To specify parameters, you use keywords:
Format: EXP KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN)
Example: EXP SCOTT/TIGER GRANTS=Y TABLES=(EMP,DEPT,MGR)
or TABLES=(T1:P1,T1:P2), if T1 is partitioned table
USERID must be the first parameter on the command line.
Keyword Description (Default) Keyword Description (Default)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
USERID username/password FULL export entire file (N)
BUFFER size of data buffer OWNER list of owner usernames
FILE output files (EXPDAT.DMP) TABLES list of table names
COMPRESS import into one extent (Y) RECORDLENGTH length of IO record
GRANTS export grants (Y) INCTYPE incremental export type
INDEXES export indexes (Y) RECORD track incr. export (Y)
DIRECT direct path (N) TRIGGERS export triggers (Y)
LOG log file of screen output STATISTICS analyze objects (ESTIMATE)
ROWS export data rows (Y) PARFILE parameter filename
CONSISTENT cross-table consistency(N) CONSTRAINTS export constraints (Y)
OBJECT_CONSISTENT transaction set to read only during object export (N)
FEEDBACK display progress every x rows (0)
FILESIZE maximum size of each dump file
FLASHBACK_SCN SCN used to set session snapshot back to
FLASHBACK_TIME time used to get the SCN closest to the specified time
QUERY select clause used to export a subset of a table
RESUMABLE suspend when a space related error is encountered(N)
RESUMABLE_NAME text string used to identify resumable statement
RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT wait time for RESUMABLE
TTS_FULL_CHECK perform full or partial dependency check for TTS
VOLSIZE number of bytes to write to each tape volume
TABLESPACES list of tablespaces to export
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE export transportable tablespace metadata (N)
TEMPLATE template name which invokes iAS mode export
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
[oracle@localhost test]$ imp help=y
Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jan 19 17:25:58 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
You can let Import prompt you for parameters by entering the IMP
command followed by your username/password:
Example: IMP SCOTT/TIGER
Or, you can control how Import runs by entering the IMP command followed
by various arguments. To specify parameters, you use keywords:
Format: IMP KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN)
Example: IMP SCOTT/TIGER IGNORE=Y TABLES=(EMP,DEPT) FULL=N
or TABLES=(T1:P1,T1:P2), if T1 is partitioned table
USERID must be the first parameter on the command line.
Keyword Description (Default) Keyword Description (Default)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
USERID username/password FULL import entire file (N)
BUFFER size of data buffer FROMUSER list of owner usernames
FILE input files (EXPDAT.DMP) TOUSER list of usernames
SHOW just list file contents (N) TABLES list of table names
IGNORE ignore create errors (N) RECORDLENGTH length of IO record
GRANTS import grants (Y) INCTYPE incremental import type
INDEXES import indexes (Y) COMMIT commit array insert (N)
ROWS import data rows (Y) PARFILE parameter filename
LOG log file of screen output CONSTRAINTS import constraints (Y)
DESTROY overwrite tablespace data file (N)
INDEXFILE write table/index info to specified file
SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES skip maintenance of unusable indexes (N)
FEEDBACK display progress every x rows(0)
TOID_NOVALIDATE skip validation of specified type ids
FILESIZE maximum size of each dump file
STATISTICS import precomputed statistics (always)
RESUMABLE suspend when a space related error is encountered(N)
RESUMABLE_NAME text string used to identify resumable statement
RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT wait time for RESUMABLE
COMPILE compile procedures, packages, and functions (Y)
STREAMS_CONFIGURATION import streams general metadata (Y)
STREAMS_INSTANTIATION import streams instantiation metadata (N)
VOLSIZE number of bytes in file on each volume of a file on tape
The following keywords only apply to transportable tablespaces
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE import transportable tablespace metadata (N)
TABLESPACES tablespaces to be transported into database
DATAFILES datafiles to be transported into database
TTS_OWNERS users that own data in the transportable tablespace set
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
有心的话数数有多少个参数吧，还真别说，有的面试官就问这问题，所以，赶快数数吧。
example.0. 显示导入对象的创建语句
首先创建测试表。
[oracle@localhost test]$ sqlplus gtlions/gtlions
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jan 19 17:34:30 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> create table expimptest as select object_id,object_name from dba_objects where rownum<=100;
Table created.
SQL> alter table expimptest add constraint PK_OBJID primary key (object_id);
Table altered.
SQL> create index IDX_OBJNAME on expimptest (object_name);
Index created.
下面先做一个导出操作。
[oracle@localhost test]$ exp gtlions/gtlions file=exp log=exp
Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jan 19 17:39:28 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
About to export specified users ...
. exporting pre-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting foreign function library names for user GTLIONS
. exporting PUBLIC type synonyms
. exporting private type synonyms
. exporting object type definitions for user GTLIONS
About to export GTLIONS's objects ...
. exporting database links
. exporting sequence numbers
. exporting cluster definitions
. about to export GTLIONS's tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table EXPIMPTEST 100 rows exported
. exporting synonyms
. exporting views
. exporting stored procedures
. exporting operators
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting triggers
. exporting indextypes
. exporting bitmap, functional and extensible indexes
. exporting posttables actions
. exporting materialized views
. exporting snapshot logs
. exporting job queues
. exporting refresh groups and children
. exporting dimensions
. exporting post-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting statistics
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
执行导入，但是并不导入数据，只是需要获得对象创建语句。
[oracle@localhost test]$ imp gtlions/gtlions file=exp log=imp fromuser=gtlions show=y
Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jan 19 17:40:00 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing GTLIONS's objects into GTLIONS
"BEGIN "
"sys.dbms_logrep_imp.instantiate_schema(schema_name=>SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','"
"CURRENT_SCHEMA'), export_db_name=>'TEST', inst_scn=>'80271930');"
"COMMIT; END;"
"CREATE TABLE "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" NUMBER, "OBJECT_NAME" VARCHAR2(128))"
" PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREEL"
"ISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING "
"NOCOMPRESS"
. . skipping table "EXPIMPTEST"
"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_OBJID" ON "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" ) PCTFREE 10 I"
"NITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 "
"BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING"
"CREATE INDEX "IDX_OBJNAME" ON "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_NAME" ) PCTFREE 10 INI"
"TRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BU"
"FFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING"
"ALTER TABLE "EXPIMPTEST" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_OBJID" PRIMARY KEY ("OBJECT_ID"
"") USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FRE"
"ELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGIN"
"G ENABLE "
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
[oracle@localhost test]$ cat imp.log
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing GTLIONS's objects into GTLIONS
"BEGIN "
"sys.dbms_logrep_imp.instantiate_schema(schema_name=>SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','"
"CURRENT_SCHEMA'), export_db_name=>'TEST', inst_scn=>'80271930');"
"COMMIT; END;"
"CREATE TABLE "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" NUMBER, "OBJECT_NAME" VARCHAR2(128))"
" PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREEL"
"ISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING "
"NOCOMPRESS"
. . skipping table "EXPIMPTEST"
"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_OBJID" ON "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" ) PCTFREE 10 I"
"NITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 "
"BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING"
"CREATE INDEX "IDX_OBJNAME" ON "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_NAME" ) PCTFREE 10 INI"
"TRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BU"
"FFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING"
"ALTER TABLE "EXPIMPTEST" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_OBJID" PRIMARY KEY ("OBJECT_ID"
"") USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FRE"
"ELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGIN"
"G ENABLE "
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
从上面导入过程的输出或者日志中均可以获得我们想要的DML语句。
再来一个现实创建索引的语句的例子。
[oracle@localhost test]$ imp gtlions/gtlions file=exp log=imp fromuser=gtlions indexfile=index
Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:07:47 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. . skipping table "EXPIMPTEST"
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
[oracle@localhost test]$ cat index.sql
REM CREATE TABLE "GTLIONS"."EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" NUMBER,
REM "OBJECT_NAME" VARCHAR2(128)) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1
REM MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
REM BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS ;
REM ... 100 rows
CONNECT GTLIONS;
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "GTLIONS"."PK_OBJID" ON "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" )
PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1
FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING ;
CREATE INDEX "GTLIONS"."IDX_OBJNAME" ON "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_NAME" )
PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1
FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING ;
REM ALTER TABLE "GTLIONS"."EXPIMPTEST" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_OBJID" PRIMARY
REM KEY ("OBJECT_ID") USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255
REM STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL
REM DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING ENABLE ;
example.1. 挂起测试
下面测试一个空间不够的例子，在测试之前将用户的空间使用权限收回。
SQL> select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='GTLIONS';
GRANTEE PRIVILEGE ADM
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ---
GTLIONS UNLIMITED TABLESPACE NO
SQL> revoke unlimited tablespace from gtlions;
Revoke succeeded.
SQL> select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='GTLIONS';
no rows selected
接着进行导入，正常情况下就会导入失败提示没有使用空间。
[oracle@localhost test]$ imp gtlions/gtlions file=exp.dmp log=imp.log fromuser=gtlions
Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:26:02 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing GTLIONS's objects into GTLIONS
IMP-00017: following statement failed with ORACLE error 1536:
"CREATE TABLE "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" NUMBER, "OBJECT_NAME" VARCHAR2(128))"
" PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREEL"
"ISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) LOGGING "
"NOCOMPRESS"
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 1536 encountered
ORA-01536: space quota exceeded for tablespace 'USERS'
Import terminated successfully with warnings.
如果增加了挂起参数，可以看到导入并不会失败，只是挂起：
[oracle@localhost test]$ imp gtlions/gtlions file=exp.dmp log=imp.log fromuser=gtlions resumable=y resumable_name=not_enough_space resumable_timeout=3600
Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:33:12 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing GTLIONS's objects into GTLIONS
这个时候可以去数据库查看相关视图并解决，问题解决后导入就会自动继续。
SQL> select user_id,name,sql_text from dba_resumable;
USER_ID
----------
NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_TEXT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
57
not_enough_space
CREATE TABLE "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" NUMBER, "OBJECT_NAME" VARCHAR2(128)) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE
(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) LOGGING NOCOMPRESS
SQL> grant unlimited tablespace to gtlions;
Grant succeeded.
example.2. 传输表空间
注意：
传输表空间要求表空间置于只读状态；
且必须dba操作；
目标库必须存在对应用户。
操作步骤：导出表空间置于只读->执行导出->传输表空间的数据文件->导出表空间置于读写->执行导入。
[oracle@localhost test]$ exp gtlions/gtlions file=exp.dmp log=exp.log tablespaces=gtlions transport_tablespace=y
Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:38:47 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
EXP-00044: must be connected 'AS SYSDBA' to do Point-in-time Recovery or Transportable Tablespace import
EXP-00000: Export terminated unsuccessfully
[oracle@localhost test]$ exp \"gtlions/gtlions as sysdba \" file=exp.dmp log=exp.log tablespaces=gtlions transport_tablespace=y
Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:39:11 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
Note: table data (rows) will not be exported
About to export transportable tablespace metadata...
EXP-00008: ORACLE error 29335 encountered
ORA-29335: tablespace 'GTLIONS' is not read only
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_PLUGTS", line 507
ORA-06512: at line 1
EXP-00000: Export terminated unsuccessfully
[oracle@localhost test]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:39:21 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> alter tablespace gtliosn read only;
alter tablespace gtliosn read only
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00959: tablespace 'GTLIOSN' does not exist
SQL> alter tablespace gtlions read only;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@localhost test]$ exp \"gtlions/gtlions as sysdba \" file=exp.dmp log=exp.log tablespaces=gtlions transport_tablespace=y
Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:39:53 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
Note: table data (rows) will not be exported
About to export transportable tablespace metadata...
For tablespace GTLIONS ...
. exporting cluster definitions
. exporting table definitions
. . exporting table EXPIMPTEST
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting triggers
. end transportable tablespace metadata export
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
[oracle@localhost test]$ imp \"sys/test as sysdba \" file=exp.dmp log=imp.log fromuser=gtlions touser=gtlions datafiles='/usr/oracle/oradata/TEST1/gtlions01.dbf' tablespaces=gtlions transport_tablespace=y
Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:49:47 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
About to import transportable tablespace(s) metadata...
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing GTLIONS's objects into GTLIONS
. . importing table "EXPIMPTEST"
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
大概的测试了下比较使用而且可能会用到的几个参数，其实大部分的参数只要有个了解，以后遇到问题的时候能够想起即可，到时临时报下佛脚即可。
-The End-
show下EXP\IMP使用帮助吧。
[oracle@localhost test]$ exp help=y
Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jan 19 17:25:53 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
You can let Export prompt you for parameters by entering the EXP
command followed by your username/password:
Example: EXP SCOTT/TIGER
Or, you can control how Export runs by entering the EXP command followed
by various arguments. To specify parameters, you use keywords:
Format: EXP KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN)
Example: EXP SCOTT/TIGER GRANTS=Y TABLES=(EMP,DEPT,MGR)
or TABLES=(T1:P1,T1:P2), if T1 is partitioned table
USERID must be the first parameter on the command line.
Keyword Description (Default) Keyword Description (Default)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
USERID username/password FULL export entire file (N)
BUFFER size of data buffer OWNER list of owner usernames
FILE output files (EXPDAT.DMP) TABLES list of table names
COMPRESS import into one extent (Y) RECORDLENGTH length of IO record
GRANTS export grants (Y) INCTYPE incremental export type
INDEXES export indexes (Y) RECORD track incr. export (Y)
DIRECT direct path (N) TRIGGERS export triggers (Y)
LOG log file of screen output STATISTICS analyze objects (ESTIMATE)
ROWS export data rows (Y) PARFILE parameter filename
CONSISTENT cross-table consistency(N) CONSTRAINTS export constraints (Y)
OBJECT_CONSISTENT transaction set to read only during object export (N)
FEEDBACK display progress every x rows (0)
FILESIZE maximum size of each dump file
FLASHBACK_SCN SCN used to set session snapshot back to
FLASHBACK_TIME time used to get the SCN closest to the specified time
QUERY select clause used to export a subset of a table
RESUMABLE suspend when a space related error is encountered(N)
RESUMABLE_NAME text string used to identify resumable statement
RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT wait time for RESUMABLE
TTS_FULL_CHECK perform full or partial dependency check for TTS
VOLSIZE number of bytes to write to each tape volume
TABLESPACES list of tablespaces to export
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE export transportable tablespace metadata (N)
TEMPLATE template name which invokes iAS mode export
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
[oracle@localhost test]$ imp help=y
Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jan 19 17:25:58 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
You can let Import prompt you for parameters by entering the IMP
command followed by your username/password:
Example: IMP SCOTT/TIGER
Or, you can control how Import runs by entering the IMP command followed
by various arguments. To specify parameters, you use keywords:
Format: IMP KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN)
Example: IMP SCOTT/TIGER IGNORE=Y TABLES=(EMP,DEPT) FULL=N
or TABLES=(T1:P1,T1:P2), if T1 is partitioned table
USERID must be the first parameter on the command line.
Keyword Description (Default) Keyword Description (Default)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
USERID username/password FULL import entire file (N)
BUFFER size of data buffer FROMUSER list of owner usernames
FILE input files (EXPDAT.DMP) TOUSER list of usernames
SHOW just list file contents (N) TABLES list of table names
IGNORE ignore create errors (N) RECORDLENGTH length of IO record
GRANTS import grants (Y) INCTYPE incremental import type
INDEXES import indexes (Y) COMMIT commit array insert (N)
ROWS import data rows (Y) PARFILE parameter filename
LOG log file of screen output CONSTRAINTS import constraints (Y)
DESTROY overwrite tablespace data file (N)
INDEXFILE write table/index info to specified file
SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES skip maintenance of unusable indexes (N)
FEEDBACK display progress every x rows(0)
TOID_NOVALIDATE skip validation of specified type ids
FILESIZE maximum size of each dump file
STATISTICS import precomputed statistics (always)
RESUMABLE suspend when a space related error is encountered(N)
RESUMABLE_NAME text string used to identify resumable statement
RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT wait time for RESUMABLE
COMPILE compile procedures, packages, and functions (Y)
STREAMS_CONFIGURATION import streams general metadata (Y)
STREAMS_INSTANTIATION import streams instantiation metadata (N)
VOLSIZE number of bytes in file on each volume of a file on tape
The following keywords only apply to transportable tablespaces
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE import transportable tablespace metadata (N)
TABLESPACES tablespaces to be transported into database
DATAFILES datafiles to be transported into database
TTS_OWNERS users that own data in the transportable tablespace set
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
有心的话数数有多少个参数吧，还真别说，有的面试官就问这问题，所以，赶快数数吧。
example.0. 显示导入对象的创建语句
首先创建测试表。
[oracle@localhost test]$ sqlplus gtlions/gtlions
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jan 19 17:34:30 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> create table expimptest as select object_id,object_name from dba_objects where rownum<=100;
Table created.
SQL> alter table expimptest add constraint PK_OBJID primary key (object_id);
Table altered.
SQL> create index IDX_OBJNAME on expimptest (object_name);
Index created.
下面先做一个导出操作。
[oracle@localhost test]$ exp gtlions/gtlions file=exp log=exp
Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jan 19 17:39:28 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
About to export specified users ...
. exporting pre-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting foreign function library names for user GTLIONS
. exporting PUBLIC type synonyms
. exporting private type synonyms
. exporting object type definitions for user GTLIONS
About to export GTLIONS's objects ...
. exporting database links
. exporting sequence numbers
. exporting cluster definitions
. about to export GTLIONS's tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table EXPIMPTEST 100 rows exported
. exporting synonyms
. exporting views
. exporting stored procedures
. exporting operators
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting triggers
. exporting indextypes
. exporting bitmap, functional and extensible indexes
. exporting posttables actions
. exporting materialized views
. exporting snapshot logs
. exporting job queues
. exporting refresh groups and children
. exporting dimensions
. exporting post-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting statistics
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
执行导入，但是并不导入数据，只是需要获得对象创建语句。
[oracle@localhost test]$ imp gtlions/gtlions file=exp log=imp fromuser=gtlions show=y
Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jan 19 17:40:00 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing GTLIONS's objects into GTLIONS
"BEGIN "
"sys.dbms_logrep_imp.instantiate_schema(schema_name=>SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','"
"CURRENT_SCHEMA'), export_db_name=>'TEST', inst_scn=>'80271930');"
"COMMIT; END;"
"CREATE TABLE "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" NUMBER, "OBJECT_NAME" VARCHAR2(128))"
" PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREEL"
"ISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING "
"NOCOMPRESS"
. . skipping table "EXPIMPTEST"
"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_OBJID" ON "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" ) PCTFREE 10 I"
"NITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 "
"BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING"
"CREATE INDEX "IDX_OBJNAME" ON "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_NAME" ) PCTFREE 10 INI"
"TRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BU"
"FFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING"
"ALTER TABLE "EXPIMPTEST" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_OBJID" PRIMARY KEY ("OBJECT_ID"
"") USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FRE"
"ELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGIN"
"G ENABLE "
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
[oracle@localhost test]$ cat imp.log
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing GTLIONS's objects into GTLIONS
"BEGIN "
"sys.dbms_logrep_imp.instantiate_schema(schema_name=>SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','"
"CURRENT_SCHEMA'), export_db_name=>'TEST', inst_scn=>'80271930');"
"COMMIT; END;"
"CREATE TABLE "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" NUMBER, "OBJECT_NAME" VARCHAR2(128))"
" PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREEL"
"ISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING "
"NOCOMPRESS"
. . skipping table "EXPIMPTEST"
"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "PK_OBJID" ON "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" ) PCTFREE 10 I"
"NITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 "
"BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING"
"CREATE INDEX "IDX_OBJNAME" ON "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_NAME" ) PCTFREE 10 INI"
"TRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BU"
"FFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING"
"ALTER TABLE "EXPIMPTEST" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_OBJID" PRIMARY KEY ("OBJECT_ID"
"") USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FRE"
"ELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGIN"
"G ENABLE "
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
从上面导入过程的输出或者日志中均可以获得我们想要的DML语句。
再来一个现实创建索引的语句的例子。
[oracle@localhost test]$ imp gtlions/gtlions file=exp log=imp fromuser=gtlions indexfile=index
Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:07:47 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. . skipping table "EXPIMPTEST"
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
[oracle@localhost test]$ cat index.sql
REM CREATE TABLE "GTLIONS"."EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" NUMBER,
REM "OBJECT_NAME" VARCHAR2(128)) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1
REM MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1
REM BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING NOCOMPRESS ;
REM ... 100 rows
CONNECT GTLIONS;
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "GTLIONS"."PK_OBJID" ON "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" )
PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1
FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING ;
CREATE INDEX "GTLIONS"."IDX_OBJNAME" ON "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_NAME" )
PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1
FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING ;
REM ALTER TABLE "GTLIONS"."EXPIMPTEST" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_OBJID" PRIMARY
REM KEY ("OBJECT_ID") USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255
REM STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL
REM DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "GTLIONS" LOGGING ENABLE ;
example.1. 挂起测试
下面测试一个空间不够的例子，在测试之前将用户的空间使用权限收回。
SQL> select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='GTLIONS';
GRANTEE PRIVILEGE ADM
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ---
GTLIONS UNLIMITED TABLESPACE NO
SQL> revoke unlimited tablespace from gtlions;
Revoke succeeded.
SQL> select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='GTLIONS';
no rows selected
接着进行导入，正常情况下就会导入失败提示没有使用空间。
[oracle@localhost test]$ imp gtlions/gtlions file=exp.dmp log=imp.log fromuser=gtlions
Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:26:02 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing GTLIONS's objects into GTLIONS
IMP-00017: following statement failed with ORACLE error 1536:
"CREATE TABLE "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" NUMBER, "OBJECT_NAME" VARCHAR2(128))"
" PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 FREEL"
"ISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) LOGGING "
"NOCOMPRESS"
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 1536 encountered
ORA-01536: space quota exceeded for tablespace 'USERS'
Import terminated successfully with warnings.
如果增加了挂起参数，可以看到导入并不会失败，只是挂起：
[oracle@localhost test]$ imp gtlions/gtlions file=exp.dmp log=imp.log fromuser=gtlions resumable=y resumable_name=not_enough_space resumable_timeout=3600
Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:33:12 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing GTLIONS's objects into GTLIONS
这个时候可以去数据库查看相关视图并解决，问题解决后导入就会自动继续。
SQL> select user_id,name,sql_text from dba_resumable;
USER_ID
----------
NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_TEXT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
57
not_enough_space
CREATE TABLE "EXPIMPTEST" ("OBJECT_ID" NUMBER, "OBJECT_NAME" VARCHAR2(128)) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE
(INITIAL 65536 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) LOGGING NOCOMPRESS
SQL> grant unlimited tablespace to gtlions;
Grant succeeded.
example.2. 传输表空间
注意：
传输表空间要求表空间置于只读状态；
且必须dba操作；
目标库必须存在对应用户。
操作步骤：导出表空间置于只读->执行导出->传输表空间的数据文件->导出表空间置于读写->执行导入。
[oracle@localhost test]$ exp gtlions/gtlions file=exp.dmp log=exp.log tablespaces=gtlions transport_tablespace=y
Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:38:47 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
EXP-00044: must be connected 'AS SYSDBA' to do Point-in-time Recovery or Transportable Tablespace import
EXP-00000: Export terminated unsuccessfully
[oracle@localhost test]$ exp \"gtlions/gtlions as sysdba \" file=exp.dmp log=exp.log tablespaces=gtlions transport_tablespace=y
Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:39:11 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
Note: table data (rows) will not be exported
About to export transportable tablespace metadata...
EXP-00008: ORACLE error 29335 encountered
ORA-29335: tablespace 'GTLIONS' is not read only
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_PLUGTS", line 507
ORA-06512: at line 1
EXP-00000: Export terminated unsuccessfully
[oracle@localhost test]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:39:21 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> alter tablespace gtliosn read only;
alter tablespace gtliosn read only
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00959: tablespace 'GTLIOSN' does not exist
SQL> alter tablespace gtlions read only;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@localhost test]$ exp \"gtlions/gtlions as sysdba \" file=exp.dmp log=exp.log tablespaces=gtlions transport_tablespace=y
Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:39:53 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
Note: table data (rows) will not be exported
About to export transportable tablespace metadata...
For tablespace GTLIONS ...
. exporting cluster definitions
. exporting table definitions
. . exporting table EXPIMPTEST
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting triggers
. end transportable tablespace metadata export
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
[oracle@localhost test]$ imp \"sys/test as sysdba \" file=exp.dmp log=imp.log fromuser=gtlions touser=gtlions datafiles='/usr/oracle/oradata/TEST1/gtlions01.dbf' tablespaces=gtlions transport_tablespace=y
Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 20 15:49:47 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
About to import transportable tablespace(s) metadata...
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing GTLIONS's objects into GTLIONS
. . importing table "EXPIMPTEST"
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
大概的测试了下比较使用而且可能会用到的几个参数，其实大部分的参数只要有个了解，以后遇到问题的时候能够想起即可，到时临时报下佛脚即可。
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