Android消息处理-源码分析篇

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AndroidLooper和Handler分析

 

第一次接触android应用程序(这里指的是JAVA层的UI程序,也难怪了,Google放出的API就只支持JAVA应用程序了),很难搞明白内部是如何实现的。但是,从原理上分析,应该是有一个消息循环,一个消息队列,然后主线程不断得从消息队列中取得消息并处理之。

然而,google封装得太厉害了,所以一时半会还是搞不清楚到底是怎么做的。本文将分析android内的looper,这个是用来封装消息循环和消息队列的一个类,handler其实可以看做是一个工具类,用来向消息队列中插入消息的。好比是Windows API的SendMessage中的HANDLE,这个handle是窗口句柄。

1.  //Looper类分析  2.  //没找到合适的分析代码的办法,只能这么来了。每个重要行的上面都会加上注释  3.  //功能方面的代码会在代码前加上一段分析  4.  public class Looper {  5.     //static变量,判断是否打印调试信息。  6.      private static final boolean DEBUG = false;  7.      private static final boolean localLOGV = DEBUG ? Config.LOGD : Config.LOGV;  8.    9.      // sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare().  10.  //线程本地存储功能的封装,TLS,thread local storage,什么意思呢?因为存储要么在栈上,例如函数内定义的内部变量。要么在堆上,例如new或者malloc出来的东西  11.  //但是现在的系统比如Linux和windows都提供了线程本地存储空间,也就是这个存储空间是和线程相关的,一个线程内有一个内部存储空间,这样的话我把线程相关的东西就存储到  12.  //这个线程的TLS中,就不用放在堆上而进行同步操作了。  13.      private static final ThreadLocal sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal();  14.  //消息队列,MessageQueue,看名字就知道是个queue..  15.      final MessageQueue mQueue;  16.      volatile boolean mRun;  17.  //和本looper相关的那个线程,初始化为null  18.      Thread mThread;  19.      private Printer mLogging = null;  20.  //static变量,代表一个UI Process(也可能是service吧,这里默认就是UI)的主线程  21.      private static Looper mMainLooper = null;  22.        23.       /** Initialize the current thread as a looper. 24.        * This gives you a chance to create handlers that then reference 25.        * this looper, before actually starting the loop. Be sure to call 26.        * {@link #loop()} after calling this method, and end it by calling 27.        * {@link #quit()}. 28.        */  29.  //往TLS中设上这个Looper对象的,如果这个线程已经设过了looper的话就会报错  30.  //这说明,一个线程只能设一个looper  31.      public static final void prepare() {  32.          if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {  33.              throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");  34.          }  35.          sThreadLocal.set(new Looper());  36.      }  37.        38.      /** Initialize the current thread as a looper, marking it as an application's main  39.       *  looper. The main looper for your application is created by the Android environment, 40.       *  so you should never need to call this function yourself. 41.       * {@link #prepare()} 42.       */  43.   //由framework设置的UI程序的主消息循环,注意,这个主消息循环是不会主动退出的  44.  //      45.      public static final void prepareMainLooper() {  46.          prepare();  47.          setMainLooper(myLooper());  48.  //判断主消息循环是否能退出....  49.  //通过quit函数向looper发出退出申请  50.          if (Process.supportsProcesses()) {  51.              myLooper().mQueue.mQuitAllowed = false;  52.          }  53.      }  54.    55.      private synchronized static void setMainLooper(Looper looper) {  56.          mMainLooper = looper;  57.      }  58.        59.      /** Returns the application's main looper, which lives in the main thread of the application. 60.       */  61.      public synchronized static final Looper getMainLooper() {  62.          return mMainLooper;  63.      }  64.    65.      /** 66.       *  Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call 67.       * {@link #quit()} to end the loop. 68.       */  69.  //消息循环,整个程序就在这里while了。  70.  //这个是static函数喔!  71.      public static final void loop() {  72.          Looper me = myLooper();//从该线程中取出对应的looper对象  73.          MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;//取消息队列对象...  74.          while (true) {  75.              Message msg = queue.next(); // might block取消息队列中的一个待处理消息..  76.              //if (!me.mRun) {//是否需要退出?mRun是个volatile变量,跨线程同步的,应该是有地方设置它。  77.              //    break;  78.              //}  79.              if (msg != null) {  80.                  if (msg.target == null) {  81.                      // No target is a magic identifier for the quit message.  82.                      return;  83.                  }  84.                  if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println(  85.                          ">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " "  86.                          + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what  87.                          );  88.                  msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);  89.                  if (me.mLogging!= null) me.mLogging.println(  90.                          "<<<<< Finished to    " + msg.target + " "  91.                          + msg.callback);  92.                  msg.recycle();  93.              }  94.          }  95.      }  96.    97.      /** 98.       * Return the Looper object associated with the current thread.  Returns 99.       * null if the calling thread is not associated with a Looper. 100.     */  101.//返回和线程相关的looper  102.    public static final Looper myLooper() {  103.        return (Looper)sThreadLocal.get();  104.    }  105.  106.    /** 107.     * Control logging of messages as they are processed by this Looper.  If 108.     * enabled, a log message will be written to <var>printer</var>  109.     * at the beginning and ending of each message dispatch, identifying the 110.     * target Handler and message contents. 111.     *  112.     * @param printer A Printer object that will receive log messages, or 113.     * null to disable message logging. 114.     */  115.//设置调试输出对象,looper循环的时候会打印相关信息,用来调试用最好了。  116.    public void setMessageLogging(Printer printer) {  117.        mLogging = printer;  118.    }  119.      120.    /** 121.     * Return the {@link MessageQueue} object associated with the current 122.     * thread.  This must be called from a thread running a Looper, or a 123.     * NullPointerException will be thrown. 124.     */  125.    public static final MessageQueue myQueue() {  126.        return myLooper().mQueue;  127.    }  128.//创建一个新的looper对象,  129.//内部分配一个消息队列,设置mRun为true  130.    private Looper() {  131.        mQueue = new MessageQueue();  132.        mRun = true;  133.        mThread = Thread.currentThread();  134.    }  135.  136.    public void quit() {  137.        Message msg = Message.obtain();  138.        // NOTE: By enqueueing directly into the message queue, the  139.        // message is left with a null target.  This is how we know it is  140.        // a quit message.  141.        mQueue.enqueueMessage(msg, 0);  142.    }  143.  144.    /** 145.     * Return the Thread associated with this Looper. 146.     */  147.    public Thread getThread() {  148.        return mThread;  149.    }  150.    //后面就简单了,打印,异常定义等。  151.    public void dump(Printer pw, String prefix) {  152.        pw.println(prefix + this);  153.        pw.println(prefix + "mRun=" + mRun);  154.        pw.println(prefix + "mThread=" + mThread);  155.        pw.println(prefix + "mQueue=" + ((mQueue != null) ? mQueue : "(null"));  156.        if (mQueue != null) {  157.            synchronized (mQueue) {  158.                Message msg = mQueue.mMessages;  159.                int n = 0;  160.                while (msg != null) {  161.                    pw.println(prefix + "  Message " + n + ": " + msg);  162.                    n++;  163.                    msg = msg.next;  164.                }  165.                pw.println(prefix + "(Total messages: " + n + ")");  166.            }  167.        }  168.    }  169.  170.    public String toString() {  171.        return "Looper{"  172.            + Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(this))  173.            + "}";  174.    }  175.  176.    static class HandlerException extends Exception {  177.  178.        HandlerException(Message message, Throwable cause) {  179.            super(createMessage(cause), cause);  180.        }  181.  182.        static String createMessage(Throwable cause) {  183.            String causeMsg = cause.getMessage();  184.            if (causeMsg == null) {  185.                causeMsg = cause.toString();  186.            }  187.            return causeMsg;  188.        }  189.    }  190.}  


那怎么往这个消息队列中发送消息呢??调用looper的static函数myQueue可以获得消息队列,这样你就可用自己往里边插入消息了。不过这种方法比较麻烦,这个时候handler类就发挥作用了。先来看看handler的代码,就明白了。

1.  class Handler{  2.  ..........  3.  //handler默认构造函数  4.  public Handler() {  5.  //这个if是干嘛用的暂时还不明白,涉及到java的深层次的内容了应该  6.          if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {  7.              final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();  8.              if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&  9.                      (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {  10.                  Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +  11.                      klass.getCanonicalName());  12.              }  13.          }  14.  //获取本线程的looper对象  15.  //如果本线程还没有设置looper,这回抛异常  16.          mLooper = Looper.myLooper();  17.          if (mLooper == null) {  18.              throw new RuntimeException(  19.                  "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");  20.          }  21.  //无耻啊,直接把looper的queue和自己的queue搞成一个了  22.  //这样的话,我通过handler的封装机制加消息的话,就相当于直接加到了looper的消息队列中去了  23.          mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;  24.          mCallback = null;  25.      }  26.  //还有好几种构造函数,一个是带callback的,一个是带looper的  27.  //由外部设置looper  28.      public Handler(Looper looper) {  29.          mLooper = looper;  30.          mQueue = looper.mQueue;  31.          mCallback = null;  32.      }  33.  // 带callback的,一个handler可以设置一个callback。如果有callback的话,  34.  //凡是发到通过这个handler发送的消息,都有callback处理,相当于一个总的集中处理  35.  //待会看dispatchMessage的时候再分析  36.  public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback) {  37.          mLooper = looper;  38.          mQueue = looper.mQueue;  39.          mCallback = callback;  40.      }  41.  //  42.  //通过handler发送消息  43.  //调用了内部的一个sendMessageDelayed  44.  public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)  45.      {  46.          return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);  47.      }  48.  //FT,又封装了一层,这回是调用sendMessageAtTime了  49.  //因为延时时间是基于当前调用时间的,所以需要获得绝对时间传递给sendMessageAtTime  50.  public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)  51.      {  52.          if (delayMillis < 0) {  53.              delayMillis = 0;  54.          }  55.          return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);  56.      }  57.    58.    59.  public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis)  60.      {  61.          boolean sent = false;  62.          MessageQueue queue = mQueue;  63.          if (queue != null) {  64.  //把消息的target设置为自己,然后加入到消息队列中  65.  //对于队列这种数据结构来说,操作比较简单了  66.              msg.target = this;  67.              sent = queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);  68.          }  69.          else {  70.              RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(  71.                  this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");  72.              Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);  73.          }  74.          return sent;  75.      }  76.  //还记得looper中的那个消息循环处理吗  77.  //从消息队列中得到一个消息后,会调用它的target的dispatchMesage函数  78.  //message的target已经设置为handler了,所以  79.  //最后会转到handler的msg处理上来  80.  //这里有个处理流程的问题  81.  public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {  82.  //如果msg本身设置了callback,则直接交给这个callback处理了  83.          if (msg.callback != null) {  84.              handleCallback(msg);  85.          } else {  86.  //如果该handler的callback有的话,则交给这个callback处理了---相当于集中处理  87.            if (mCallback != null) {  88.                  if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {  89.                      return;  90.                  }  91.             }  92.  //否则交给派生处理,基类默认处理是什么都不干  93.              handleMessage(msg);  94.          }  95.      }  96.  ..........  97.  }  


 讲了这么多,该怎么创建和使用一个带消息循环的线程呢?

1.  //假设在onCreate中创建一个线程  2.  //不花时间考虑代码的完整和严谨性了,以讲述原理为主。  3.  ....  4.    5.  ... onCreate(...){  6.    7.  //难点是如何把android中的looper和java的thread弄到一起去。  8.  //而且还要把随时取得这个looper用来创建handler  9.  //最简单的办法就是从Thread派生一个  10.  class ThreadWithMessageHandle extends Thread{  11.    //重载run函数  12.    Looper myLooper = null;  13.    run(){  14.    Looper.prepare();//将Looper设置到这个线程中  15.    myLooper = Looper.myLooper();  16.    Looper.loop();开启消息循环  17.  }  18.    19.   ThreadWithMessageHandle  threadWithMgs = new ThreadWithMessageHandle();  20.   threadWithMsg.start();  21.   Looper looper = threadWithMsg.myLooper;//  22.  //这里有个问题.threadWithMgs中的myLooper可能此时为空  23.  //需要同步处理一下  24.  //或者像API文档中的那样,把handler定义到ThreadWithMessageHandle到去。  25.  //外线程获得这个handler的时候仍然要注意同步的问题,因为handler的创建是在run中的  26.   Handler threadHandler = new Handler(looper);  27.   threadHandler.sendMessage(...)  28.  }  29.    30.    31.  }  32.    33.    34.    35.  ...  


好了,handler和looper的分析就都这了,其实原理挺简单的。

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