50 Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities

 

Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities

手机增加交通，行人死亡

Cell phones are a danger on the road in more ways than one. Two new studies show that talking on the phone while traveling , whether you're driving or on foot, is increasing both pedestrian deaths and those of drivers and passengers, and recommend crackdowns on cell phone use by both pedestrians and drivers.

手机是危险的道路上更多的方法不止一个。新的研究表明，在电话交谈时，不管你是开车或步行，是增加行人死亡和那些司机和乘客，并建议打击使用手机的司机和行人。

The new studies, lead-authored by Rutgers University, Newark, Economics Professor Peter D. Loeb, relate the impact of cell phones on accident fatalities to the number of cell phones in use showing that the current increase in deaths resurting from cell phone use follows a period when cell phones acrually helped to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities. However, this reduction in fatalities desapppeared once the numbers of phones in use reached a "critical mass" of 100 million, the study found.

新的研究，lead-authored由罗格斯大学纽瓦克，经济学教授，彼得·勒布，涉及影响手机对事故死亡人数的手机在使用显示，目前死亡人数增加resurting使用手机时，手机如下一段真正帮助降低行人和交通死亡事故。然而，这减少了死亡的人数desapppeared一旦在使用达到了一个临界质量的100000000，研究发现。

These studies looked at cell phone use and motor vehicle accidents from 1975 through 2002, and factoued in a number of variables, including vehicle speed, alcohol consumption, seat belt use, and miles driven. The studies found the cell phone-fatality correlation to be true even when including factors such as speed, alcohol consumption, and seat belt use.

这些研究表明使用手机和机动车辆事故从1975到2002，和factoued在多个变量，包括车辆速度，酒精消费，安全带的使用，和英里驱动。研究发现，细胞phone-fatality相关是真实的，甚至当包括等因素，酒精消费，和安全带的使用。

Loeb and his con-author determined that, at the current time, cell phone use has a "significant adverse effect on pedestrian safety" and that "cell phones and their usage above a critical threshold adds to motor vehicle fatalities." In the late 1980s and part of the 1990s, b3efore the numbers of phones exploded, cell phone use actually had a "life-saving effect" in pedestrian and traffic accidents, Loeb notes. "Cell-phone users' were able to quickly call for medical assistance when involved in an accident. this quick medical response actually reduced the number of traffic deaths for a time," Loeb hypothesizes.

和他的con-author确定，在目前的时间，使用手机有一个“重大不利影响行人安全”和“手机的使用数量超过临界阈值增加了机动车辆的事故。”在80年代后期和90年代的一部分，b3efore数字手机爆炸，使用手机其实有一个“救命”效应在行人和交通事故，勒布的笔记。”手机用户能够快速要求医疗援助时，参与事故。这种快速的医疗反应实际上减少交通事故死亡人数的时间，“勒布假设。

However,this was not the case when cells were first used in the mid-1980s, when they caused a "life-taking effect" among pedestrians, drivers and passengers in vehicles. In those early days, when there were fewer than a million phones, fatalities increased, says Loeb, because drivers and pedestrians probably were still adjusting to the novelty of using them, and there weren't enough cell phones in use to make a dfference in summoning help following an accident, he explains.

然而，这是没有的情况下，手机是第一次使用在80年代中期，当他们造成一种“life-taking效应”之间的行人，司机和乘客的车辆。在最初的那些日子里，当有少于一百万，死亡人数增加，看到的，因为司机和行人可能还在使用他们的新奇，又没有足够的手机在使用作出dfference召唤帮助事故后，他解释。

The "life-saving effect" occurred as the volume of phones grew into the early 1990s, and increasing numbers of cells were used to call 911 following accidents, leading to a drop in fatalities, explains Lowb. But this life-saving effect was canceled out once the numbers of phones reached a "critical mass" of baout 100 million and the "life-taking effect" - increased accidents and fatalities - outweighed the benefits of quick acces to 911 services according to Loeb.

“救命”效应发生的体积增长到90年代初，越来越多的细胞被用来打911以下事故，导致下降的死亡，说明lowb。但这一挽救生命的作用被取消了一次数量达到一个“临界质量”，100000000，“life-taking效应”，增加事故和死亡-超过了好处，快速存取911服务根据勒布。

Loeb and his co-authors used econometrid models to analyze data from a number of government and private studies. He and his co-authors recommend that govrnments consider more aggressive policies toreduce cell phone use by both drivers and pedestrians, to reduce the number of fatalities.

和他的合著者使用econometrid模型分析数据从多个政府和私人研究。他和他的同事建议govrnments考虑更积极的政策，减少使用手机的司机和行人，减少死亡人数。

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