How to port Ubuntu 11.10 to Beagleboard 怎样移植Ubuntu 11.10 到BeagleBoard

How to port Ubuntu to Beagleboard 怎样移植Ubuntu到BeagleBoard

This note followed article named BeagleBoardUbuntu located at http://elinux.org/BeagleBoardUbuntu

Following method 1 in that article: Download a Complete Pre-Configured Image.

For your reference, here we show the kernel information of this Ubuntu 11.10 after porting in advance:

ubuntu@omap:~$ cat /proc/versionLinux version 3.2.3 - x4 (root@panda - a3 - lgb) (gcc version 4.6.1 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.1-9ubuntu3) #1 SMP Fri Feb 24 23:33:25 UTC 2012

1.Get prebuilt image: 

a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10$ wget http://rcn-ee.net/deb/rootfs/oneiric/ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xz--2012-02-24 09:14:12--  http://rcn-ee.net/deb/rootfs/oneiric/ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xzResolving rcn-ee.net... 69.163.149.169Connecting to rcn-ee.net|69.163.149.169|:80... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 113276232 (108M) [application/x-tar]Saving to: `ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xz'100%[======================================>] 113,276,232  592K/s   in 3m 10s  2012-02-24 09:17:24 (581 KB/s) - `ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xz' saved [113276232/113276232]

2.Verify Image with:

a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10$ md5sum ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xzdc38df885797c2db3a8fc8265463a43b  ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xz3.Unpack Image:a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10$ tar xJf ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xza4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10$ lsubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel  ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel.tar.xza4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10$ cd ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel/

4.If you don't know the location of your SD card:

a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10/ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel$ sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --probe-mmc[sudo] password for a4:Are you sure? I Don't see [/dev/idontknow], here is what I do see...fdisk -l:Disk /dev/sda: 3951 MB, 3951034368 bytes       <---this one is SD cardDisk /dev/sde: 146.8 GB, 146815733760 bytesmount:/dev/sde1 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0)devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)/dev/sde6 on /home type ext4 (rw,commit=0)/dev/sda1 on /media/b81a4017-ceba-4a04-9485-05421ddeed13 type ext4 (rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks)

5.Quick Install script for "board"

sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sdX --uboot "board"

"board" Options:

    BeagleBoard Ax/Bx - beagle_bx
    BeagleBoard Cx - beagle_cx
    BeagleBoard xMA/B/C - beagle_xm
    BeagleBone Ax - bone
    PandaBoard Ax - panda
    PandaBoard ES - panda_es
So For the BeagleBoard xM:

a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10/ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel$ sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sda --uboot beagle_xm

从附录可以看到，这个过程共从网络下载了约100MB文件。
安装的关键在于脚本文件setup_sdcard.sh，附录贴上了该文件。具体要知道怎样一步一步移植Ubuntu，请参考文章“BeagleBoardUbuntu”的方法三“Manual Install (no automatic scripts)”，看看怎样移植x-loader (MLO, 44.1 KB),u-boot (330.4 KB),kernel (uImage, 3 MB),filesystem到SD卡上。

6.Unmount the SD card from the PC, insert into beaglebaord-xm, reboot the board and have OS loaded showed via DVI displayer. Can operate unbuntu via USB keyboard through command line.
此时启动的系统只是基本的Ubuntu系统，并没有安装图形桌面。
下一步骤操作在beagleboard-xm上的ubuntu（ubuntu@omap）命令行进行，ubuntu输出设备为tty1，即输出设备为连接的DVI接口显示器，串口无数据。初始默认非根用户，用户名为ubuntu，密码为temppwd。
ubuntu@omap:~$ pwd
/home/ubuntu
由于xm加载的是新近ubuntu系统，安装软件不需要自己解决包依赖的问题，并且可以像操作台式机ubuntu一样使用各种命令。

7.Install kunbuntu desktop
先通过有线或无线把xm连接上网络，通过ifconfig指令查看网络配置信息，并可通过网络安装一个小程序來确认xm网络是否通畅。

for Ethernet:ubuntu@omap:~$ sudo ifconfig -aubuntu@omap:~$ sudo apt-get updateNo return, nothing installed, cann't find source.sudo apt-get install gdm xubuntu-desktop

提示:

Need to get 41.5 MB/429 MB of archives.After this operation, 1,367 MB of additional space will be used.

前文台式机下载的速度可达1MB/s，这里xm有线下载速度最高达220KB/s
2分钟后，DVI显示器无信号，但xm的LED显示xm尚在繁忙工作，这是由于长时间没有键盘输入，Ubuntu关闭了显示器。按任一键可以重新显示命令好界面。安装过程如果有提示依赖包没有安装，按照提示进行安装，采用sudo apt-get install xxxx方式很容易安装。

本次安装没有正常接收到的deb大约有10个，系统提示：

...Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/pool/main/u/update-manager_0.152.25.5_all.deb 404 Not FoundE:Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?ubuntu@omap:~$

按照提示继续安装

ubuntu@omap:~$ sudo apt-get update[sudo] password for Ubuntu:Ign http://ports.ubuntu.com/ oneiric InRelease...Fetched 618 KB in 15s (40.7 KB/s)Reading package lists... Doneubuntu@omap:~$

再次运行

sudo apt-get install gdm xubuntu-desktop

安装重新开始，中间有一步需要为图形界面方式來选择安装的桌面系统。
xm先下载所有的包文件，然后在执行编译和安装，这种在目标机上直接编译安装的方式，优点是解决了Ubuntu交叉编译非常困难的问题，不足是编译时间长达数十个小时，尚且还不能用镜像文件的方式复制系统文件。

最后，编译完成

...update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initd.img-3.2.3-x4ubuntu@omap:~$ sudo shutdown -r now

重新启动后，系统进入图形登录界面，同样使用用户名为ubuntu，密码为temppwd登录。进入基于xbuntu的XFCE4.8桌面系统。默认显示器分辨率为1280x720,本次实验修改了该参数，修改方法为：把SD插入到PC中，打开uEnv.txt文件，修改1280x720MR-16@60为dvimode=1280x800MR-16@60。

bootfile=uImagebootinitrd=uInitrdaddress_uimage=0x80300000address_uinitrd=0x81600000vram=12MBconsole=ttyO2,115200n8defaultdisplay=dvidvimode=1280x800MR-16@60mmcroot=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rommcrootfstype=ext4 rootwait fixrtcoptargs=console=tty0mmc_load_uimage=fatload mmc 0:1 ${address_uimage} ${bootfile}mmc_load_uinitrd=fatload mmc 0:1 ${address_uinitrd} ${bootinitrd}mmcargs=setenv bootargs console=${console} ${optargs} mpurate=${mpurate} buddy=${buddy} buddy2=${buddy2} camera=${camera} vram=${vram} omapfb.mode=${defaultdisplay}:${dvimode} omapdss.def_disp=${defaultdisplay} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype}loaduimage=run mmc_load_uimage; run mmc_load_uinitrd; echo Booting from mmc ...; run mmcargs; bootm ${address_uimage} ${address_uinitrd}

 [Appenidex] Install process of setup_sdcard.sh

a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10/ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel$ sudo ./setup_sdcard.sh --mmc /dev/sda --uboot beagle_xm

Are you 100% sure, on selecting [/dev/sda] (y/n)? yDownloading Device's Bootloader-----------------------------rcn-ee.net down, using mirror-----------------------------2012-02-24 09:24:22 URL:http://rcn-ee.homeip.net:81/dl/mirrors/deb/tools/latest/bootloader [4652/4652] -> "/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/dl/bootloader" [1]2012-02-24 09:24:24 URL:http://rcn-ee.homeip.net:81/dl/mirrors/deb/tools/beagleboard/MLO-beagleboard-v2011.12-r1 [44104/44104] -> "/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/dl/MLO-beagleboard-v2011.12-r1" [1]SPL Bootloader: MLO-beagleboard-v2011.12-r12012-02-24 09:24:35 URL:http://rcn-ee.homeip.net:81/dl/mirrors/deb/tools/beagleboard/u-boot-beagleboard-v2011.12-r1.img [330372/330372] -> "/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/dl/u-boot-beagleboard-v2011.12-r1.img" [1]UBOOT Bootloader: u-boot-beagleboard-v2011.12-r1.imgUnmounting Partitions-----------------------------Using fdisk to create BOOT Partition-----------------------------WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to         switch off the mode (with command 'c').WARNING: cylinders as display units are deprecated. Use command 'u' to         change units to sectors.Command (m for help): Command action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)Partition number (1-4, default 1): First cylinder (1-1020, default 1): Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1020, default 1020):Command (m for help): Selected partition 1Hex code (type L to list codes): Changed system type of partition 1 to e (W95 FAT16 (LBA))Command (m for help):Disk /dev/sda: 3951 MB, 3951034368 bytes122 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 7564 * 512 = 3872768 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x000a824e   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sda1               1          18       68045    e  W95 FAT16 (LBA)Command (m for help): The partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.xpartitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additionalinformation.Syncing disks.Setting Boot Partition's Boot Flag-----------------------------Creating rootfs ext4 Partition-----------------------------Formating Boot Partition-----------------------------mkfs.vfat 3.0.9 (31 Jan 2010)Formating rootfs Partition as ext4-----------------------------mke2fs 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010)Filesystem label=rootfsOS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks237104 inodes, 947391 blocks47369 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=97307852829 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8176 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (16384 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.Populating Boot Partition-----------------------------`/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/dl/MLO-beagleboard-v2011.12-r1' -> `/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/disk/MLO'`/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/dl/u-boot-beagleboard-v2011.12-r1.img' -> `/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/disk/u-boot.img'Using mkimage to create uImage-----------------------------Image Name:   3.2.3-x4Created:      Fri Feb 24 09:26:28 2012Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)Data Size:    3014464 Bytes = 2943.81 kB = 2.87 MBLoad Address: 80008000Entry Point:  80008000Using mkimage to create uInitrd-----------------------------Image Name:   initramfsCreated:      Fri Feb 24 09:26:30 2012Image Type:   ARM Linux RAMDisk Image (uncompressed)Data Size:    3087289 Bytes = 3014.93 kB = 2.94 MBLoad Address: 00000000Entry Point:  00000000Copying uEnv.txt based boot scripts to Boot Partition-----------------------------`/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/bootscripts/normal.cmd' -> `/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/disk/uEnv.txt'bootfile=uImagebootinitrd=uInitrdaddress_uimage=0x80300000address_uinitrd=0x81600000vram=12MBconsole=ttyO2,115200n8defaultdisplay=dvidvimode=1280x720MR-16@60mmcroot=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rommcrootfstype=ext4 rootwait fixrtcoptargs=console=tty0mmc_load_uimage=fatload mmc 0:1 ${address_uimage} ${bootfile}mmc_load_uinitrd=fatload mmc 0:1 ${address_uinitrd} ${bootinitrd}mmcargs=setenv bootargs console=${console} ${optargs} mpurate=${mpurate} buddy=${buddy} buddy2=${buddy2} camera=${camera} vram=${vram} omapfb.mode=${defaultdisplay}:${dvimode} omapdss.def_disp=${defaultdisplay} root=${mmcroot} rootfstype=${mmcrootfstype}loaduimage=run mmc_load_uimage; run mmc_load_uinitrd; echo Booting from mmc ...; run mmcargs; bootm ${address_uimage} ${address_uinitrd}-----------------------------`/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/readme.txt' -> `/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/disk/tools/readme.txt'`/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/update_boot_files.sh' -> `/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/disk/tools/update_boot_files.sh'`/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/minimal_xfce.sh' -> `/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/disk/tools/minimal_xfce.sh'`/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/get_chrome.sh' -> `/tmp/tmp.YjmRll9n0E/disk/tools/get_chrome.sh'Finished populating Boot Partition-----------------------------Populating rootfs PartitionPlease be patient, this may take a few minutes, as its transfering a lot of files..----------------------------- 383MB 0:06:22 [   1MB/s] [==================================>] 100%            Transfer of Base Rootfs Complete, syncing to disk-----------------------------Ubuntu: with no eth cable connected it can take up to 2 mins to login, removing upstart sleep call-----------------------------Ubuntu: to unfix: sudo sed -i -e 's:#sleep 40:sleep 40:g' /etc/init/failsafe.confUbuntu: to unfix: sudo sed -i -e 's:#sleep 59:sleep 59:g' /etc/init/failsafe.conf-----------------------------Finished populating rootfs Partition-----------------------------setup_sdcard.sh script complete

a4@a4-390:~/beagleXmUbuntu11.10/ubuntu-11.10-r5-minimal-armel$