UNIX实验项目三：shell及shell编程
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实 验 报 告
学号
03093245
姓名
代严
课堂号
09078051-0
实验日期
实验名称
实验项目三：shell及shell编程
实验用时
6
一、实验目的和要求
（1）、了解常用shell的编程特点，掌握shell程序设计的基础知识。
（2）、认识和理解shell程序流程控制、shell程序的运行方式、shell程序的调试方法。
（3）、基本掌握编写shell程序的步骤、方法和技巧。
二、实验内容、操作过程
（1）、显示你的unix机器上所有shell变量的名称和值，并填充下表：
Variable
Current Value
HOME
/c/d/a/daiyanxg
PATH
/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/games
TERM
ansi
PS1（prompt）
%
% echo $HOME
/c/d/a/daiyanxg
% echo $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/games
% echo $TERM
ansi
% echo $prompt
%
如图1所示：
图1
（2）、更改shell变量PS1的值为字符串“hello”。更改后输入常用命令查看显示变化。然后再将shell变量PS1重设为原始值。
在用户家目录下新建目录“yourname”，将该目录添加进个人命令访问路径。
% set
argv ()
cwd /c/d/a/daiyanxg
history 200
home /c/d/a/daiyanxg
path (/usr/local/bin /bin /usr/bin /usr/games)
prompt %
prompt2 ?
shell /bin/csh
status 0
term ansi
user daiyanxg
%
% env
TERM=ansi
HOME=/c/d/a/daiyanxg
SHELL=/bin/csh
LOGNAME=daiyanxg
USER=daiyanxg
REMOTEHOST=202.103.38.14
MAIL=/var/mail/daiyanxg
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/games
PWD=/c/d/a/daiyanxg
MESG=mesg
MANPATH=/usr/local/man:/usr/share/man
EDITOR=pico
TERMCAP=ansi:u6=/E[%i%d;%dR:u7=/E[6n:..u8=/E[?%[;0123456789]c:u9=/E[c:AX:Co#8:NC
#3:pa#64:AB=/E[4%p1%dm:AF=/E[3%p1%dm:op=/E[39;
d=/E[
7%;%?%p4%t;5%;%?%p6%t;1%;%?%p7%t;8%;%?%p9%t;11%;m:se=/E[m:so=/E[
[
0n/305o~p/304q/304r/304s_t/303u/264v/301w/302x/263y/363z/362{/343|/330}/234~/376
:ae=/E[
%dD:RI=/E[%dC:SF=/E[%dS:SR=/E[%dT:UP=/E[%dA:cb=/E[1K:ch=/E[%i%dG:ct=/E[
%i%dd:ec=/E[%dX:ei=:im=:kB=/E[Z:kI=/E[L:kb=^H:kd=/E[B:kl=/E[D:kr=/E[C:ku=/E[A:nw
=/r/E[S:pf=/E[4i:po=/E[5i:..rp=%p1%c/E[%p2%{1}%-%db:s0=/E(B:s1=/E)B:s2=/E*B:s3=/
E+B:ta=/E[I:am:bs:mi:ms:co#80:it#8:li#24:al=/E[L:bl=^G:bt=/E[Z:cd=/E[J:ce=/E[K:c
l=/E[H/E[J:cm=/E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:ct=/E[
d=/E[B:kh=/E[H:kl=/E[D:kr=/E[C:ku=/E[A:
%
% set TT='date'
% echo $TT
date
% set TT=`date`
% echo $TT
Wed Apr 19 01:33:46 EDT 2006
% echo "The time is `date` "
The time is Wed Apr 19 01:39:02 EDT 2006
% echo $prompt
%
% set prompt = HELLO
HELLO
HELLOset prompt = '%'
%
%/bin/sh
$
$ echo $PS1
$
$ echo $$
4527
$ echo $#
3
$ echo $?
0
$ echo $!
$
$ /bin/csh
%
%mkdir youyname
%ls -l
total 28
drwxr-xr-x 2 daiyanxg people 512 Apr 11 07:39 file1
drwxr-xr-x 4 daiyanxg people 512 Apr 10 12:53 file2
drwxr-xr-x 2 daiyanxg people 512 Apr 25 07:49 myshell
-rwxrwxrw- 2 daiyanxg people 16 Apr 11 07:47 test2
-rwxrwxrw- 2 daiyanxg people 16 Apr 11 07:47 test3
drwxr-xr-x 2 daiyanxg people 512 Apr 25 07:08 youname
drwxr-xr-x 2 daiyanxg people 512 Apr 25 10:11 youyname
%echo $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/games
%echo $path
/usr/local/bin /bin /usr/bin /usr/games
%set path = ($path /daiyanxg/yourname/bin)
%echo $path
/usr/local/bin /bin /usr/bin /usr/games /daiyanxg/yourname/bin
%
（3）、创建一个shell脚本文件包含date、who和echo $PATH命令：
$ vi sh3.sh
#! /bin/sh
date
who
echo $PATH
sh3.sh: new file: 6 lines, 33 characters
~
~
~
~ .
$ chmod 755 sh3.sh
$ sh sh3.sh
Wed May 10 00:14:22 EDT 2006
azv ttyp0 May 9 23:15 (157.95.31.68)
daiyanxg ttypl May 10 00:02 (202.103.38.14) //实验用户
doctor4u ttypm May 9 23:59 (216.139.109.76)
d2004 ttypr May 10 00:05 (203.52.130.8)
…… //删除一些信息
pedro112 ftp18819 May 6 08:42 (dsl5400BDA9.pool.t-online.hu)
/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/games
$
上述过程图示：
（3）、设计一个菜单驱动程序。如下：
Use one of the following options:
D: To display today’s date and present time
L: To see the listing of files in your present working directory
W: To see who is logged in
Q: To quit this program
Enter your option and hit <Enter>:
菜单程序将根据用户输入的选择项给出相应信息。要求对用户的输入忽略大小写，对于无效选项的输入给出相应提示。
程序代码如下：
[Kenu.sh: new file: line 1
#! /bin/sh
# mymenu.sh
echo "use one of the following options:"
echo "D:To display today's date and present time"
echo "L:To see the listing of files in youy present working directory"
echo "W:To see who is logged in"
echo "Q:To quit the program"
read option
case "$option" in
D) date;;
L) ls;;
W) who;;
Q) exit 0;;
*) echo "invalid option:try running the program again"
exit 1;;
esac
exit 0
~
执行结果如下：
$ chmod 755 mumenu.sh
$ sh mumenu.sh
use one of the following options:
D:To display today's date and present time
L:To see the listing of files in youy present working directory
W:To see who is logged in
Q:To quit the program
$ sh mumenu.sh
use one of the following options:
D:To display today's date and present time
L:To see the listing of files in youy present working directory
W:To see who is logged in
Q:To quit the program
W
kingjon tty01 Jun 7 13:28
pikku ttyp0 Jun 7 12:14 (dsl-lprgw5-fe5ddc00-112.dhcp.ine)
barlone ttyp1 Jun 6 22:17 (ns.prosoft.ural.ru)
djarek ttyp2 Jun 7 12:58 (eaq122.internetdsl.tpnet.pl)
donraull ftp26895 Jun 4 14:56 (84-252-8-131.cable.evrocom.net)
pchihao ftp12477 May 19 05:49 (222.253.76.86)
mbb ftp28059 May 20 15:46 (p5491B806.dip0.t-ipconnect.de)
$ sh mumenu.sh
use one of the following options:
D:To display today's date and present time
L:To see the listing of files in youy present working directory
W:To see who is logged in
Q:To quit the program
L
eg5_3.sh eg5_7.sh menu.sh mumenu.sh sh1 sh2.sh sh3.sh
$ sh mumenu.sh
use one of the following options:
D:To display today's date and present time
L:To see the listing of files in youy present working directory
W:To see who is logged in
Q:To quit the program
Q
$ sh mumenu.sh
use one of the following options:
D:To display today's date and present time
L:To see the listing of files in youy present working directory
W:To see who is logged in
Q:To quit the program
a
invalid option:try running the program again
$
以上过程如下图所示：
（4）、编写一段b shell程序完成：根据从键盘输入的学生成绩，显示相应的成绩等级，其中60分以下为“Failed！”，60-70分为“Passed！”，70-80分为“Medium！”，80-90分为“Good！”，90-100为“Excellent！”。
程序代码如下:
#! /bin/sh
echo "**"
echo "Enter Q to quit this program."
echo "**"
while [ true ]
do
read score
if [$score = q -o $score = Q ]
then
exit 0
elif [ $score -lt 60 ]
then
echo "Failed!"
elif [$score -ge 60 -a $score -lt 70 ]
then
echo "Passed!"
elif [ $score -ge 70 -a $score -lt 80 ]
then
echo "Medium!"
elif [ $score -ge 80 -a $score -lt 90 ]
then
echo "Good!"
elif [ $score -ge 90 -a $score -le 100 ]
then
echo "Excellent!"
else
echo "Error input!"
fi
done
如下图所示:
执行结果如下:
$ chmod 755 score.bsh
$ ls –l score.bsh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 daiyanxg people 475 Jun 8 06:50 score.bsh
$ sh score.bsh
**
Enter Q to quit this program.
**
50
score.bsh[32]: [50: not found
Failed!
60
score.bsh[32]: [60: not found
score.bsh[32]: [60: not found
Error input!
75
score.bsh[32]: [75: not found
score.bsh[32]: [75: not found
Medium!
85
score.bsh[32]: [85: not found
score.bsh[32]: [85: not found
Good!
91
score.bsh[32]: [91: not found
score.bsh[32]: [91: not found
Excellent!
100
score.bsh[32]: [100: not found
score.bsh[32]: [100: not found
Excellent!
如下图所示:
（5）、编写一段b shell程序完成：根据用户输入的主目录中的给定子目录，显示其下所有的.txt和.sh文件名的列表。
程序代码如下:
[Kw.bsh: new file: line 1
#! /bin/sh
if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Usage:$0 directory"
else
for myDir in $*
do
if test -d $myDir
then
echo "In $myDir"
cd $myDir
echo 'ls *.txt *.sh color'
else
echo "Error:Direct $myDir cant't found!"
fi
done
fi
exit 0;
show.bsh: new file: 20 lines, 236 characters
~
~
~
~
$ cat show.bsh
#! /bin/sh
if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Usage:$0 directory"
else
for myDir in $*
do
if test -d $myDir
then
echo "In $myDir"
cd $myDir
echo 'ls *.txt *.sh color'
else
echo "Error:Direct $myDir cant't found!"
fi
done
fi
exit 0;
执行结果:
$ chmod 755 show.bsh
$ sh show.bsh
Usage:show.bsh directory
$
三、回答问题
略
四、实验结论
本实验完成了实验全部要求,练习了使用vi编辑器书写和运行shell程序的基本方法,练习了c shell和b shell的基本命令和控制流。
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