STL学习笔记----7.STL迭代器

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STL迭代器

一. 迭代器类型

Input迭代器                        istream

Output迭代器                     ostream

Forward迭代器

Bidirectional迭代器          list, set, multiset, map,multimap

Random access迭代器   vector, deque, string, array

注:随机迭代器,提供”迭代器算术运算”,比如:

Iter[n] 索引位置为n的元素

Iter+=n向前跳n个元素

Iter-=n  向后跳n个元素

Iter1 < iter2 判断iter1是否在iter2之前

for (int i=0;i<coll.size(); ++i) {   cout << coll.begin() [i]<< ' ';  // iter[n]}for (pos =coll.begin(); pos < coll.end()-1; pos += 2) {  //注意,只有随机迭代器才能用 operator <    cout << *pos << ' '; }

二. 迭代器相关辅助函数

1. advance(), 可将迭代器的位置增加或减少,增加的幅度由参数决定。

#include <iterator>void advance (InputIterator& pos, Dist n)
n可以是负值,advance()不检查迭代器是否超过序列end()

#include <iostream>#include <list>#include <algorithm>using namespace std;int main(){       list<int> coll;       //insert elements from 1 to 9       for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {            coll.push_back(i);       }       list<int>::iterator pos = coll.begin();       //print actual element       cout << *pos << endl;  // 1       //step three elements forward       advance (pos, 3);       //print actual element       cout << *pos << endl; // 4       //step three elements backward       advance (pos, -1);       //print actual element       cout << *pos << endl; // 3}
2. distance(),用来处理两个迭代器之间的距离。
#include <iterator>Dist distance (InputIterator pos1, InputIterator pos2)
注:两个迭代器必须指向同一个容器,如果不是随机迭代器,则pos2的位置必须与pos1相同或在其后
#include <iostream>#include <list>#include <algorithm>using namespace std;int main(){       list<int> coll;       //insert elements from -3 to 9       for (int i=-3; i<=9; ++i) {           coll.push_back(i);        }       //search element with value 5       list<int>::iterator pos;       pos = find (coll.begin(), coll.end(),        //range                   5);                              //value       if (pos != coll.end()) {           //process and print difference from the beginning           cout << "difference between beginning and 5: "                << distance(coll.begin(),pos) << endl; //8, 第一个位置的distance是0       }       else {            cout << "5 not found" << endl;        } }
3. iter_swap(), 可交换两个迭代器所指的内容。
#include <algorithm>void iter_swap (ForwardIterator1 pos1, ForwardIterator2 pos2)
注:交换迭代器pos1和pos2所指的值,迭代器类型不必相同,但其中所指的值必须可以相互赋值。

#include <iostream>#include <list>#include <algorithm>#include "print.hpp"using namespace std;int main() {       list<int> coll;       //insert elements from 1 to 9       for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {           coll.push_back(i);        }       PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll);  // 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9       //swap first and second value       iter_swap (coll.begin(), ++coll.begin());       PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll);  // 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9       //swap first and last value       iter_swap (coll.begin(), --coll.end());       PRINT_ELEMENTS(coll);  // 9 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 2}

三. 迭代器配接器

1. Reverse(逆向)迭代器

2. Insert(插入)迭代器

3. Stream(流)迭代器


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