ORACLE 常用函数-字符函数(可用于字面字符或数据库列)

二）字符函数(可用于字面字符或数据库列)
1，字符串截取
select substr('abcdef',1,3) from dual
2,查找子串位置
select instr('abcfdgfdhd','fd') from dual
3,字符串连接
select 'HELLO'||'hello world' from dual;
4, 1)去掉字符串中的空格
select ltrim(' abc') s1,
rtrim('zhang ') s2,
trim(' zhang ') s3 from dual
2)去掉前导和后缀
select trim(leading 9 from 9998767999) s1,
trim(trailing 9 from 9998767999) s2,
trim(9 from 9998767999) s3 from dual;
5,返回字符串首字母的Ascii值
select ascii('a') from dual
6,返回ascii值对应的字母
select chr(97) from dual
7,计算字符串长度 
select length('abcdef') from dual
8,initcap（首字母变大写） ,lower(变小写),upper(变大写)
select lower('ABC') s1,
upper('def') s2, 
initcap('efg') s3 from dual; 
9,Replace
select replace('abc','b','xy') from dual;
10,translate
select translate('abc','b','xx') from dual; -- x是1位
11,lpad [左添充] rpad [右填充](用于控制输出格式)
select lpad('func',15,'=') s1, rpad('func',15,'-') s2 from dual;
select lpad(dname,14,'=') from dept;
12, decode[实现if ..then 逻辑]
select deptno,decode(deptno,10,'1',20,'2',30,'3','其他') from dept;